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Valvez S, Oliveira-Santos M, Gonçalves L, Amaro AM, Piedade AP. Preprocedural Planning of Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion: A Review of the Use of Additive Manufacturing. 3D PRINTING AND ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING 2024; 11:333-346. [PMID: 38389681 PMCID: PMC10880654 DOI: 10.1089/3dp.2022.0373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Stroke is a significant public health problem, with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) being one of its main causes. This cardiovascular arrhythmia predisposes to the production of intracardiac thrombi, mostly formed in the left atrial appendage (LAA). When there are contraindications to treatment with oral anticoagulants, another therapeutic option to reduce the possibility of thrombus formation in the LAA is the implantation of an occlusion device by cardiac catheterization. The effectiveness of LAA occlusion is dependent on accurate preprocedural device sizing and proper device positioning at the LAA ostium, to ensure sufficient device anchoring and avoid peri-device leaks. Additive manufacturing, commonly known as three-dimensional printing (3DP), of LAA models is beginning to emerge in the scientific literature to address these challenges through procedural simulation. This review aims at clarifying the impact of 3DP on preprocedural planning of LAA occlusion, specifically in the training of cardiac surgeons and in the assessment of the perfect adjustment between the LAA and the biomedical implant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Valvez
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, CEMMPRE, ARISE, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Lino Gonçalves
- CBR, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana M. Amaro
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, CEMMPRE, ARISE, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana P. Piedade
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, CEMMPRE, ARISE, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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2
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Wang H, Xia Y, Zhang Z, Xie Z. 3D gradient printing based on digital light processing. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:8883-8896. [PMID: 37694441 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb00763d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
3D gradient printing is a type of fabrication technique that builds three-dimensional objects with gradually changing properties. Gradient digital light processing based 3D printing has garnered considerable attention in recent years. This function-oriented technology precisely manipulates the performance of different positions of materials and prints them as a monolithic structure to realize specific functions. This review presents a conceptual understanding of gradient properties, covering an overview of current techniques and materials that can produce gradient structures, as well as their limitations and challenges. The principle of digital light processing (DLP) technology and feasible strategies for 3D gradient printing to overcome any barriers are also presented. Additionally, this review discusses the promising future of 4D bioprinting systems based on DLP printing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Wang
- Chien-Shiung Wu College, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211102, China
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biomedical Engineering Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Yu Xia
- Chien-Shiung Wu College, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211102, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biomedical Engineering Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Zixuan Zhang
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biomedical Engineering Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Zhuoying Xie
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biomedical Engineering Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
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Czyżewski W, Jachimczyk J, Hoffman Z, Szymoniuk M, Litak J, Maciejewski M, Kura K, Rola R, Torres K. Low-Cost Cranioplasty—A Systematic Review of 3D Printing in Medicine. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15144731. [PMID: 35888198 PMCID: PMC9315853 DOI: 10.3390/ma15144731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The high cost of biofabricated titanium mesh plates can make them out of reach for hospitals in low-income countries. To increase the availability of cranioplasty, the authors of this work investigated the production of polymer-based endoprostheses. Recently, cheap, popular desktop 3D printers have generated sufficient opportunities to provide patients with on-demand and on-site help. This study also examines the technologies of 3D printing, including SLM, SLS, FFF, DLP, and SLA. The authors focused their interest on the materials in fabrication, which include PLA, ABS, PET-G, PEEK, and PMMA. Three-dimensional printed prostheses are modeled using widely available CAD software with the help of patient-specific DICOM files. Even though the topic is insufficiently researched, it can be perceived as a relatively safe procedure with a minimal complication rate. There have also been some initial studies on the costs and legal regulations. Early case studies provide information on dozens of patients living with self-made prostheses and who are experiencing significant improvements in their quality of life. Budget 3D-printed endoprostheses are reliable and are reported to be significantly cheaper than the popular counterparts manufactured from polypropylene polyester.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Czyżewski
- Department of Didactics and Medical Simulation, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (W.C.); (K.T.)
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery in Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (J.L.); (K.K.); (R.R.)
| | - Jakub Jachimczyk
- Student Scientific Society, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Zofia Hoffman
- Student Scientific Society, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Michał Szymoniuk
- Student Scientific Association of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Jakub Litak
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery in Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (J.L.); (K.K.); (R.R.)
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Marcin Maciejewski
- Department of Electronics and Information Technology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Lublin University of Technology, 20-618 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Krzysztof Kura
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery in Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (J.L.); (K.K.); (R.R.)
| | - Radosław Rola
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery in Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (J.L.); (K.K.); (R.R.)
| | - Kamil Torres
- Department of Didactics and Medical Simulation, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (W.C.); (K.T.)
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Kiss J, Balkay L, Kukuts K, Miko M, Forgacs A, Trencsenyi G, Krizsan AK. 3D printed anthropomorphic left ventricular myocardial phantom for nuclear medicine imaging applications. EJNMMI Phys 2022; 9:34. [PMID: 35503184 PMCID: PMC9065219 DOI: 10.1186/s40658-022-00461-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Anthropomorphic torso phantoms, including a cardiac insert, are frequently used to investigate the imaging performance of SPECT and PET systems. These phantom solutions are generally featuring a simple anatomical representation of the heart. 3D printing technology paves the way to create cardiac phantoms with more complex volume definition. This study aimed to describe how a fillable left ventricular myocardium (LVm) phantom can be manufactured using geometry extracted from a patient image. Methods The LVm of a healthy subject was segmented from 18F-FDG attenuation corrected PET image set. Two types of phantoms were created and 3D printed using polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG) material: one representing the original healthy LVm, and the other mimicking myocardium with a perfusion defect. The accuracy of the LVm phantom production was investigated by high-resolution CT scanning of 3 identical replicas. 99mTc SPECT acquisitions using local cardiac protocol were performed, without additional scattering media (“in air” measurements) for both phantom types. Furthermore, the healthy LVm phantom was inserted in the commercially available DataSpectrum Anthropomorphic Torso Phantom (“in torso” measurement) and measured with hot background and hot liver insert. Results Phantoms were easy to fill without any air-bubbles or leakage, were found to be reproducible and fully compatible with the torso phantom. Seventeen segments polar map analysis of the "in air” measurements revealed that a significant deficit in the distribution appeared where it was expected. 59% of polar map segments had less than 5% deviation for the "in torso” and "in air” measurement comparison. Excluding the deficit area, neither comparison had more than a 12.4% deviation. All the three polar maps showed similar apex and apical region values for all configurations. Conclusions Fillable anthropomorphic 3D printed phantom of LVm can be produced with high precision and reproducibility. The 3D printed LVm phantoms were found to be suitable for SPECT image quality tests during different imaging scenarios. The flexibility of the 3D printing process presented in this study provides scalable and anthropomorphic image quality phantoms in nuclear cardiology imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janos Kiss
- Division of Radiology and Imaging Science, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98., Debrecen, 4032, Hungary.
| | - Laszlo Balkay
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98., Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Kornel Kukuts
- ScanoMed Nuclear Medicine Centers, Nagyerdei krt. 98., Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Marton Miko
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98., Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Attila Forgacs
- ScanoMed Nuclear Medicine Centers, Nagyerdei krt. 98., Debrecen, 4032, Hungary.,Mediso Ltd., Laborc Utca 3., Budapest, 1037, Hungary
| | - Gyorgy Trencsenyi
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98., Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Aron K Krizsan
- ScanoMed Nuclear Medicine Centers, Nagyerdei krt. 98., Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
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Levine DJ, Turner KT, Pikul JH. Materials with Electroprogrammable Stiffness. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2007952. [PMID: 34245062 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202007952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Stiffness is a mechanical property of vital importance to any material system and is typically considered a static quantity. Recent work, however, has shown that novel materials with programmable stiffness can enhance the performance and simplify the design of engineered systems, such as morphing wings, robotic grippers, and wearable exoskeletons. For many of these applications, the ability to program stiffness with electrical activation is advantageous because of the natural compatibility with electrical sensing, control, and power networks ubiquitous in autonomous machines and robots. The numerous applications for materials with electrically driven stiffness modulation has driven a rapid increase in the number of publications in this field. Here, a comprehensive review of the available materials that realize electroprogrammable stiffness is provided, showing that all current approaches can be categorized as using electrostatics or electrically activated phase changes, and summarizing the advantages, limitations, and applications of these materials. Finally, a perspective identifies state-of-the-art trends and an outlook of future opportunities for the development and use of materials with electroprogrammable stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Levine
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Applied Mechanics, 220 S. 33rd St., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Kevin T Turner
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Applied Mechanics, 220 S. 33rd St., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - James H Pikul
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Applied Mechanics, 220 S. 33rd St., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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Lin C, Liu L, Liu Y, Leng J. Recent developments in next-generation occlusion devices. Acta Biomater 2021; 128:100-119. [PMID: 33964482 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.04.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Transcatheter closure has been widely accepted as a highly effective way to treat abnormal blood flows and/or embolization of thrombus in the heart. It allows the closure of four types of congenital heart defects (CHDs) and stroke-associated left atrial appendage (LAA). The four types of CHDs include atrial septal defect (ASD), patent foramen ovale (PFO), patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), and ventricular septal defect (VSD). Advancements in the materials and configurations of occlusion devices have spurred the transition from open-heart surgery with high complexity and morbidity, or lifelong medication with a high risk of bleeding, to minimally invasive deployment. A variety of occlusion devices have been developed over the past few decades, particularly novel ones represented by biodegradable and 3D-printed occlusion devices, which are considered as next-generation alternatives to conventional Nitinol-based occlusion devices due to biodegradability, customization, and improved biocompatibility. The aim here is to comprehensively review the next-generation occlusion devices in terms of materials, configurations, manufacturing methods, deployment strategies, and (if available) experimental results or clinical data. The current challenges and the direction of future work are also proposed. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Implantation of occlusion devices has become a widely accepted and highly effective treatment for occluding abnormal blood/thrombus flow within the heart. Due to the serious complications such as erosion and displacement of conventional Nitinol-based occluders, next-generation occluders with reduced risk of complications and improved biocompatibility has emerged. Here, we comprehensively review the next-generation occluders developed for atrial septal defect (ASD), patent foramen ovale (PFO), patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), ventricular septal defect (VSD), and left atrial appendage (LAA), with special emphasis on biodegradable occluders. Besides, intelligent materials (e.g., automatically deployable shape memory polymers) and rapid customized manufacturing methods (3D/4D printing) for the fabrication of occluders are also introduced. Lastly, the directions of future work are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Lin
- Department of Astronautical Science and Mechanics, Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT), P.O. Box 301, No. 92 West Dazhi Street, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Liwu Liu
- Department of Astronautical Science and Mechanics, Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT), P.O. Box 301, No. 92 West Dazhi Street, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yanju Liu
- Department of Astronautical Science and Mechanics, Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT), P.O. Box 301, No. 92 West Dazhi Street, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinsong Leng
- Center for Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT), P.O. Box 3011, No. 2 Yikuang Street, Harbin 150080, People's Republic of China.
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Yu C, Schimelman J, Wang P, Miller KL, Ma X, You S, Guan J, Sun B, Zhu W, Chen S. Photopolymerizable Biomaterials and Light-Based 3D Printing Strategies for Biomedical Applications. Chem Rev 2020; 120:10695-10743. [PMID: 32323975 PMCID: PMC7572843 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Since the advent of additive manufacturing, known commonly as 3D printing, this technology has revolutionized the biofabrication landscape and driven numerous pivotal advancements in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Many 3D printing methods were developed in short course after Charles Hull first introduced the power of stereolithography to the world. However, materials development was not met with the same enthusiasm and remained the bottleneck in the field for some time. Only in the past decade has there been deliberate development to expand the materials toolbox for 3D printing applications to meet the true potential of 3D printing technologies. Herein, we review the development of biomaterials suited for light-based 3D printing modalities with an emphasis on bioprinting applications. We discuss the chemical mechanisms that govern photopolymerization and highlight the application of natural, synthetic, and composite biomaterials as 3D printed hydrogels. Because the quality of a 3D printed construct is highly dependent on both the material properties and processing technique, we included a final section on the theoretical and practical aspects behind light-based 3D printing as well as ways to employ that knowledge to troubleshoot and standardize the optimization of printing parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Yu
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Jacob Schimelman
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Pengrui Wang
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Kathleen L Miller
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Xuanyi Ma
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Shangting You
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Jiaao Guan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Bingjie Sun
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Shaochen Chen
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Chemical Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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