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Chen SQ, Li MJ, Wu Y, Xu P, Wu LT, Wang L, Zhou L, Li QH, Li PH, Xu H, Zhang Z. Solvent-Regulated Cyclization of Arylidene Isoxazolones with Amidines for Regiodivergent Synthesis of 4- and 5-Acylimidazoles. J Org Chem 2025; 90:2093-2099. [PMID: 39869314 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c02904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2025]
Abstract
N-Iodosuccinimide-promoted cascade reactions of arylidene isoxazolones with amidines in p-xylene were accomplished, affording 5-acylimidazoles in good to excellent yields. Interestingly, when the reactions were performed by employing acetonitrile as the solvent, 4-acylimidazoles were efficiently obtained. Mechanistic studies indicate that the formation of imidazolyl and acyl moieties may undergo a spiroannulation-ring opening aromatization-hydrolysis cascade reaction sequence. Based on this solvent-regulated tandem reaction strategy, a powerful protocol for switchable and regiodivergent synthesis of structurally diverse 4-acylimidazoles and 5-acylimidazoles was successfully established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Qi Chen
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, PR China
| | - Ming-Jun Li
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, PR China
| | - Yi Wu
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Anhui Industrial Co., Ltd., 9 Tianda Road, Hefei 230088, PR China
| | - Peng Xu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, PR China
| | - Luan-Ting Wu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, PR China
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, PR China
| | - Lin Zhou
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, PR China
| | - Qing-Hai Li
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, PR China
| | - Pin-Hua Li
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, PR China
| | - Hui Xu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, PR China
| | - Ze Zhang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, PR China
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Xu H, Chen H, Hu X, Xuan G, Li P, Zhang Z. Synthesis of Fully Substituted 5-( o-Hydroxybenzoyl)imidazoles via Iodine-Promoted Domino Reaction of Aurones with Amidines. J Org Chem 2022; 87:16204-16212. [PMID: 36414000 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
An iodine-promoted domino reaction of aurones with amidines has been successfully explored. The reaction proceeds in a consecutive manner containing Michael addition, iodination, cyclization from intramolecular nucleophilic substitution, and dehydrogenative aromatization from spiro ring opening. Following this novel strategy, a variety of 1,2,4-trisubstituted 5-(o-hydroxybenzoyl)imidazoles were efficiently synthesized in moderate to good yields from readily available starting materials. A plausible mechanism has been proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Functional Coordinated Complexes for Materials Chemistry Application, and School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, P. R. China
| | - Hong Chen
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Functional Coordinated Complexes for Materials Chemistry Application, and School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Hu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Functional Coordinated Complexes for Materials Chemistry Application, and School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, P. R. China
| | - Guang Xuan
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Functional Coordinated Complexes for Materials Chemistry Application, and School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, P. R. China
| | - Pinhua Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Functional Coordinated Complexes for Materials Chemistry Application, and School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, P. R. China
| | - Ze Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Functional Coordinated Complexes for Materials Chemistry Application, and School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, P. R. China
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Maurya S, Jadhav SB, Chegondi R. Metal-Free Oxidative Formal C(sp2)-H Arylation of Cyclopentene-1,3-diones with β-Naphthols. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:2059-2063. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00156j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An efficient, mild, and transition-metal free formal C(sp2)−H arylation of prochiral 2,2-disubstituted cyclopentene-1,3-diones is reported. This oxidative arylation with β-naphthols proceeds via base-mediated C-Michael addition followed by aerial oxygen insertion...
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Panigrahi A, Sharanappa Sherikar M, Ramaiah Prabhu K. ZnBr
2
Mediated C−N Bond Formation using Cinnamyl Alcohol and 2‐Amino Pyridines. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahwan Panigrahi
- Department of Organic Chemistry Indian Institute of Science 560 012 Bangalore Karnataka India
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Thierer LM, Wang Q, Brooks SH, Cui P, Qi J, Gau MR, Manor BC, Carroll PJ, Tomson NC. Pyridyldiimine macrocyclic ligands: Influences of template ion, linker length and imine substitution on ligand synthesis, structure and redox properties. Polyhedron 2021; 198. [PMID: 33776186 DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2021.115044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
A series of 2,6-diiminopyridine-derived macrocyclic ligands have been synthesized via [2+2] condensation around alkaline earth metal triflate salts. The inclusion of a tert-butyl group at the 4-position of the pyridine ring of the macrocyclic synthons results in macrocyclic complexes that are soluble in common organic solvents, thereby enabling a systematic comparison of the physical properties of the complexes by NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, solution-phase UV-Vis spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry and single-crystal X-ray crystallography. Solid-state structures determined crystallographically demonstrate increased twisting in the ligand, concurrent with either a decrease in ion size or an increase in macrocycle ring size (18, 20, or 22 membered rings). The degree of folding and twisting within the macrocycle can be quantified using parameters derived from the Npyr-M-Npyr bond angle and the relative orientation of the pyridinediimine (PDI) and pyridinedialdimine (PDAI) fragments to each other within the solid state structures. Cyclic voltammetry and UV-Vis spectroscopy were used to compare the relative energies of the imine π* orbital of the redox active PDI and PDAI components in the macrocycle when coordinated to redox inactive metals. Both methods indicate the change from a methyl to hydrogen substitution on the imine carbon lowers the energy of the ligand π* system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Peng Cui
- University of Pennsylvania for this work
| | - Jia Qi
- University of Pennsylvania for this work
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Bagdi AK, Pattanayak P, Paul S, Mitra M, Choudhuri T, Sheikh AS. Application of Conjugated Carbonyls in the Synthesis of Heterocycles via Oxidative Cycloaddition and Cyclization Reactions. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Avik Kumar Bagdi
- Department of Chemistry University of Kalyani Kalyani 741235 India
| | | | - Suvam Paul
- Department of Chemistry University of Kalyani Kalyani 741235 India
| | - Mousree Mitra
- Department of Chemistry University of Kalyani Kalyani 741235 India
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Das T. Desymmetrization of Cyclopentene‐1,3‐Diones via Alkylation, Arylation, Amidation and Cycloaddition Reactions. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202003341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tapas Das
- Department of Chemistry NIT Jamshedpur Jamshedpur 831014 India
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