1
|
Zhang J, Zhu C, Cao X, Jin H, Zhang L. N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Catalyzed [4 + 2] Annulation of Enolizable Thioesters for the Synthesis of 2-Pyrones. J Org Chem 2025; 90:6094-6101. [PMID: 40267022 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5c00428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2025]
Abstract
An N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-catalyzed [4 + 2] annulation enables the direct synthesis of 2-pyrones from α-chlorothioesters and β,γ-unsaturated α-keto esters or chalcones. The method utilizes NHC-activated α-chlorothioesters to generate key intermediates for 2-pyrone formation with high functional group tolerance. Moreover, the 2-pyrones were transformed into polysubstituted benzene and naphthalene derivatives, showcasing their synthetic value.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Zhang
- Institute of Functional Molecules, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology; National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Development of Boron and Magnesium Resources and Fine Chemical Technology, Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Green Functional Molecular Design and Development, Shenyang 110142, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Zhu
- Institute of Functional Molecules, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology; National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Development of Boron and Magnesium Resources and Fine Chemical Technology, Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Green Functional Molecular Design and Development, Shenyang 110142, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Cao
- Institute of Functional Molecules, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology; National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Development of Boron and Magnesium Resources and Fine Chemical Technology, Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Green Functional Molecular Design and Development, Shenyang 110142, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Jin
- Institute of Functional Molecules, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology; National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Development of Boron and Magnesium Resources and Fine Chemical Technology, Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Green Functional Molecular Design and Development, Shenyang 110142, People's Republic of China
| | - Lixin Zhang
- Institute of Functional Molecules, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology; National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Development of Boron and Magnesium Resources and Fine Chemical Technology, Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Green Functional Molecular Design and Development, Shenyang 110142, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
He R, Zhang H, Zhu H, Shi D, Yang W, Feng S, Zhang X, Fu Z. Direct Access to 3,4,6-Trisubstituted 2-Pyrones via Carbene Catalysis. J Org Chem 2024; 89:12822-12826. [PMID: 39163408 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c01429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Abstract
An N-heterocyclic carbene-catalyzed [4 + 2] annulation of β,γ-unsaturated α-keto esters and phenylacetate esters was developed for the direct and efficient construction of 2-pyrones. This approach provides a practical synthesis pathway for various 3,4,6-trisubstituted 2-pyrones in moderate to good yields and features broad substrate scope and good functional group tolerance. Moreover, the products can also be readily transformed to naphthalene and acylamide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruolan He
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Hailong Zhang
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Haibin Zhu
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Dongping Shi
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Weiqi Yang
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Siru Feng
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Zhang
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Zhenqian Fu
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yu M, Huang J, Zhu H, Shi D, Yang W, Liu Y, Ji Y, Fu Z. Facile construction of 2-pyrones under carbene catalysis. RSC Adv 2024; 14:28585-28595. [PMID: 39247504 PMCID: PMC11378031 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra05596a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024] Open
Abstract
2-Pyrones are valuable structural motifs in organic chemistry, found in numerous natural products and pharmaceuticals. The synthesis of these heterocycles has been significantly advanced by the application of N-Heterocyclic Carbene (NHC) catalysis. This review examines the recent advancements in NHC-catalyzed synthesis of 2-pyrones, highlighting key methodologies, mechanisms, and synthetic applications. NHC catalysis has revolutionized the synthesis of 2-pyrones, providing efficient, selective, and versatile methods for constructing these valuable heterocycles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miao Yu
- Engineering Research Center for Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin University of Commerce Harbin 150076 China
| | - Jie Huang
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering & Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 China
| | - Haibin Zhu
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering & Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 China
| | - Dongping Shi
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering & Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 China
| | - Weiqi Yang
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering & Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 China
| | - Yingjie Liu
- Engineering Research Center for Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin University of Commerce Harbin 150076 China
| | - Yubin Ji
- Engineering Research Center for Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin University of Commerce Harbin 150076 China
| | - Zhenqian Fu
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering & Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liang P, Yang H, Wang Y. Elucidating the mechanism and origin of stereoselectivity in the activation/transformation of an acetic ester catalyzed by an N-heterocyclic carbene. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:4320-4328. [PMID: 38234281 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp05581g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
The activation of an ester by N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) organocatalysis is an efficient and important approach for generating an NHC-bound enolate intermediate, an important active intermediate in the transformation of carbonyl compounds. Herein, we perform a theoretical study on the NHC-catalyzed activation and transformation reaction of an acetic ester in which the NHC-bound enolate intermediate is a key intermediate. Multiple activation and transformation pathways are proposed and analyzed to identify an energetically favorable pathway. The use of different substrates for the reaction is considered. When a chalcone substrate is used, [4+2] cycloaddition between the enolate intermediate and the chalcone is identified to be both the rate- and stereoselectivity-determining step for the reaction, with the R-configured product being generated as the major isomer. Noncovalent interaction (NCI) and atoms-in-molecules (AIM) analyses are performed to identify the origin of the stereoselectivity of the reaction, and a local reactivity analysis is conducted to explore substrate and catalyst effects on the reaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pingxin Liang
- Department of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, 136 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450001, P. R. China.
| | - Haoran Yang
- Department of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, 136 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450001, P. R. China.
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, 136 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450001, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Azaz T, Mourya H, Singh V, Ram B, Tiwari B. N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Catalyzed Enantioselective [3 + 2] Annulation of Enals with Vinyl Ketones. J Org Chem 2023; 88:1219-1226. [PMID: 36622160 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
An unprecedented N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-catalyzed enantioselective [3 + 2] annulation of enals with vinyl ketones has been achieved. Unlike chalcones, the β-unsubstituted enones, namely, vinyl ketones, have remained challenging in terms of reactivity, especially enantioselectivity. The disubstituted cyclopentenes were obtained in good yields and excellent stereoselectivities in the presence of Ti(OiPr)4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tazeen Azaz
- Department of Biological and Synthetic Chemistry, Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS-Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226014, India.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Hemlata Mourya
- Department of Biological and Synthetic Chemistry, Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS-Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226014, India
| | - Vikram Singh
- Department of Biological and Synthetic Chemistry, Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS-Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226014, India.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Bali Ram
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Bhoopendra Tiwari
- Department of Biological and Synthetic Chemistry, Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS-Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226014, India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mondal S, Ghosh A, Biju AT. N-Heterocyclic Carbene (NHC)-Catalyzed Transformations Involving Azolium Enolates. CHEM REC 2022; 22:e202200054. [PMID: 35562645 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202200054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The recent advances in the N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-organocatalyzed generation of azolium enolate intermediates and their subsequent interception with electrophiles are highlighted. The NHC-bound azolium intermediates are generated by the addition of NHCs to suitably substituted aldehydes, acid derivatives or ketenes. A broad range of coupling partners can intercept the azolium enolates to form [2+n] cycloadducts (n=2,3,4) and various α-functionalized compounds. The enantioselective synthesis of the target compounds are achieved with the use of chiral NHCs. Herein, we summarized the development that occurred in this subclass of NHC catalysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Santigopal Mondal
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012
| | - Arghya Ghosh
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012
| | - Akkattu T Biju
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012
| |
Collapse
|