1
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Hall D. Equations describing semi-confluent cell growth (I) Analytical approximations. Biophys Chem 2024; 307:107173. [PMID: 38241828 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2024.107173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
A set of differential equations with analytical solutions are presented that can quantitatively account for variable degrees of contact inhibition on cell growth in two- and three-dimensional cultures. The developed equations can be used for comparative purposes when assessing contribution of higher-order effects, such as culture geometry and nutrient depletion, on mean cell growth rate. These equations also offer experimentalists the opportunity to characterize cell culture experiments using a single reductive parameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Hall
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakumamachi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1164, Japan.
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2
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Mai S, Inkielewicz-Stepniak I. Graphene Oxide Nanoparticles and Organoids: A Prospective Advanced Model for Pancreatic Cancer Research. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1066. [PMID: 38256139 PMCID: PMC10817028 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer, notorious for its grim 10% five-year survival rate, poses significant clinical challenges, largely due to late-stage diagnosis and limited therapeutic options. This review delves into the generation of organoids, including those derived from resected tissues, biopsies, pluripotent stem cells, and adult stem cells, as well as the advancements in 3D printing. It explores the complexities of the tumor microenvironment, emphasizing culture media, the integration of non-neoplastic cells, and angiogenesis. Additionally, the review examines the multifaceted properties of graphene oxide (GO), such as its mechanical, thermal, electrical, chemical, and optical attributes, and their implications in cancer diagnostics and therapeutics. GO's unique properties facilitate its interaction with tumors, allowing targeted drug delivery and enhanced imaging for early detection and treatment. The integration of GO with 3D cultured organoid systems, particularly in pancreatic cancer research, is critically analyzed, highlighting current limitations and future potential. This innovative approach has the promise to transform personalized medicine, improve drug screening efficiency, and aid biomarker discovery in this aggressive disease. Through this review, we offer a balanced perspective on the advancements and future prospects in pancreatic cancer research, harnessing the potential of organoids and GO.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Iwona Inkielewicz-Stepniak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland;
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3
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Pasupuleti V, Vora L, Prasad R, Nandakumar DN, Khatri DK. Glioblastoma preclinical models: Strengths and weaknesses. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024; 1879:189059. [PMID: 38109948 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.189059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme is a highly malignant brain tumor with significant intra- and intertumoral heterogeneity known for its aggressive nature and poor prognosis. The complex signaling cascade that regulates this heterogeneity makes targeted drug therapy ineffective. The development of an optimal preclinical model is crucial for the comprehension of molecular heterogeneity and enhancing therapeutic efficacy. The ideal model should establish a relationship between various oncogenes and their corresponding responses. This review presents an analysis of preclinical in vivo and in vitro models that have contributed to the advancement of knowledge in model development. The experimental designs utilized in vivo models consisting of both immunodeficient and immunocompetent mice induced with intracranial glioma. The transgenic model was generated using various techniques, like the viral vector delivery system, transposon system, Cre-LoxP model, and CRISPR-Cas9 approaches. The utilization of the patient-derived xenograft model in glioma research is valuable because it closely replicates the human glioma microenvironment, providing evidence of tumor heterogeneity. The utilization of in vitro techniques in the initial stages of research facilitated the comprehension of molecular interactions. However, these techniques are inadequate in reproducing the interactions between cells and extracellular matrix (ECM). As a result, bioengineered 3D-in vitro models, including spheroids, scaffolds, and brain organoids, were developed to cultivate glioma cells in a three-dimensional environment. These models have enabled researchers to understand the influence of ECM on the invasive nature of tumors. Collectively, these preclinical models effectively depict the molecular pathways and facilitate the evaluation of multiple molecules while tailoring drug therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasavi Pasupuleti
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Lalitkumar Vora
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, BT9 7BL, UK.
| | - Renuka Prasad
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Moonsuk Medical Research Building, 516, 5th floor, 73 Inchon-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 12841, Republic of Korea
| | - D N Nandakumar
- Department of Neurochemistry National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore 560029, India
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Khatri
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
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4
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Zarepour A, Karasu Ç, Mir Y, Nematollahi MH, Iravani S, Zarrabi A. Graphene- and MXene-based materials for neuroscience: diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:6687-6710. [PMID: 37646462 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm01114c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
MXenes and graphene are two-dimensional materials that have gained increasing attention in neuroscience, particularly in sensing, theranostics, and biomedical engineering. Various composites of graphene and MXenes with fascinating thermal, optical, magnetic, mechanical, and electrical properties have been introduced to develop advanced nanosystems for diagnostic and therapeutic applications, as exemplified in the case of biosensors for neurotransmitter detection. These biosensors display high sensitivity, selectivity, and stability, making them promising tools for neuroscience research. MXenes have been employed to create high-resolution neural interfaces for neuroelectronic devices, develop neuro-receptor-mediated synapse devices, and stimulate the electrophysiological maturation of neural circuits. On the other hand, graphene/derivatives exhibit therapeutic applicability in neuroscience, as exemplified in the case of graphene oxide for targeted delivery of therapeutic agents to the brain. While MXenes and graphene have potential benefits in neuroscience, there are also challenges/limitations associated with their use, such as toxicity, environmental impacts, and limited understanding of their properties. In addition, large-scale production and commercialization as well as optimization of reaction/synthesis conditions and clinical translation studies are very important aspects. Thus, it is important to consider the use of these materials in neuroscience research and conduct further research to obtain an in-depth understanding of their properties and potential applications. By addressing issues related to biocompatibility, long-term stability, targeted delivery, electrical interfaces, scalability, and cost-effectiveness, MXenes and graphene have the potential to greatly advance the field of neuroscience and pave the way for innovative diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for neurological disorders. Herein, recent advances in therapeutic and diagnostic applications of graphene- and MXene-based materials in neuroscience are discussed, focusing on important challenges and future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Zarepour
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istinye University, 34396 Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Çimen Karasu
- Cellular Stress Response and Signal Transduction Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, 06500 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yousof Mir
- Applied Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Hadi Nematollahi
- Applied Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Siavash Iravani
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, 81746-73461, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istinye University, 34396 Istanbul, Turkey.
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5
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Ahmed T. Biomaterial-based in vitro 3D modeling of glioblastoma multiforme. CANCER PATHOGENESIS AND THERAPY 2023; 1:177-194. [PMID: 38327839 PMCID: PMC10846340 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpt.2023.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Adult-onset brain cancers, such as glioblastomas, are particularly lethal. People with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) do not anticipate living for more than 15 months if there is no cure. The results of conventional treatments over the past 20 years have been underwhelming. Tumor aggressiveness, location, and lack of systemic therapies that can penetrate the blood-brain barrier are all contributing factors. For GBM treatments that appear promising in preclinical studies, there is a considerable rate of failure in phase I and II clinical trials. Unfortunately, access becomes impossible due to the intricate architecture of tumors. In vitro, bioengineered cancer models are currently being used by researchers to study disease development, test novel therapies, and advance specialized medications. Many different techniques for creating in vitro systems have arisen over the past few decades due to developments in cellular and tissue engineering. Later-stage research may yield better results if in vitro models that resemble brain tissue and the blood-brain barrier are used. With the use of 3D preclinical models made available by biomaterials, researchers have discovered that it is possible to overcome these limitations. Innovative in vitro models for the treatment of GBM are possible using biomaterials and novel drug carriers. This review discusses the benefits and drawbacks of 3D in vitro glioblastoma modeling systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanvir Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Bashundhara, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh
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6
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Carvalho SM, Mansur AAP, da Silveira IB, Pires TFS, Victória HFV, Krambrock K, Leite MF, Mansur HS. Nanozymes with Peroxidase-like Activity for Ferroptosis-Driven Biocatalytic Nanotherapeutics of Glioblastoma Cancer: 2D and 3D Spheroids Models. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1702. [PMID: 37376150 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15061702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary brain cancer in adults. Despite the remarkable advancements in recent years in the realm of cancer diagnosis and therapy, regrettably, GBM remains the most lethal form of brain cancer. In this view, the fascinating area of nanotechnology has emerged as an innovative strategy for developing novel nanomaterials for cancer nanomedicine, such as artificial enzymes, termed nanozymes, with intrinsic enzyme-like activities. Therefore, this study reports for the first time the design, synthesis, and extensive characterization of innovative colloidal nanostructures made of cobalt-doped iron oxide nanoparticles chemically stabilized by a carboxymethylcellulose capping ligand (i.e., Co-MION), creating a peroxidase-like (POD) nanozyme for biocatalytically killing GBM cancer cells. These nanoconjugates were produced using a strictly green aqueous process under mild conditions to create non-toxic bioengineered nanotherapeutics against GBM cells. The nanozyme (Co-MION) showed a magnetite inorganic crystalline core with a uniform spherical morphology (diameter, 2R = 6-7 nm) stabilized by the CMC biopolymer, producing a hydrodynamic diameter (HD) of 41-52 nm and a negatively charged surface (ZP~-50 mV). Thus, we created supramolecular water-dispersible colloidal nanostructures composed of an inorganic core (Cox-MION) and a surrounding biopolymer shell (CMC). The nanozymes confirmed the cytotoxicity evaluated by an MTT bioassay using a 2D culture in vitro of U87 brain cancer cells, which was concentration-dependent and boosted by increasing the cobalt-doping content in the nanosystems. Additionally, the results confirmed that the lethality of U87 brain cancer cells was predominantly caused by the production of toxic cell-damaging reactive oxygen species (ROS) through the in situ generation of hydroxyl radicals (·OH) by the peroxidase-like activity displayed by nanozymes. Thus, the nanozymes induced apoptosis (i.e., programmed cell death) and ferroptosis (i.e., lipid peroxidation) pathways by intracellular biocatalytic enzyme-like activity. More importantly, based on the 3D spheroids model, these nanozymes inhibited tumor growth and remarkably reduced the malignant tumor volume after the nanotherapeutic treatment (ΔV~40%). The kinetics of the anticancer activity of these novel nanotherapeutic agents decreased with the time of incubation of the GBM 3D models, indicating a similar trend commonly observed in tumor microenvironments (TMEs). Furthermore, the results demonstrated that the 2D in vitro model overestimated the relative efficiency of the anticancer agents (i.e., nanozymes and the DOX drug) compared to the 3D spheroid models. These findings are notable as they evidenced that the 3D spheroid model resembles more precisely the TME of "real" brain cancer tumors in patients than 2D cell cultures. Thus, based on our groundwork, 3D tumor spheroid models might be able to offer transitional systems between conventional 2D cell cultures and complex biological in vivo models for evaluating anticancer agents more precisely. These nanotherapeutics offer a wide avenue of opportunities to develop innovative nanomedicines for fighting against cancerous tumors and reducing the frequency of severe side effects in conventionally applied chemotherapy-based treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandhra M Carvalho
- Center of Nanoscience, Nanotechnology, and Innovation-CeNano2I, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais, UFMG, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Alexandra A P Mansur
- Center of Nanoscience, Nanotechnology, and Innovation-CeNano2I, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais, UFMG, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Izabela B da Silveira
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences-ICB, Federal University of Minas Gerais, UFMG, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Thaisa F S Pires
- Center of Nanoscience, Nanotechnology, and Innovation-CeNano2I, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais, UFMG, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Henrique F V Victória
- Department of Physics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, UFMG, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Klaus Krambrock
- Department of Physics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, UFMG, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
| | - M Fátima Leite
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences-ICB, Federal University of Minas Gerais, UFMG, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Herman S Mansur
- Center of Nanoscience, Nanotechnology, and Innovation-CeNano2I, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais, UFMG, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
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7
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Chin SM, Reina G, Chau NDQ, Chabrol T, Wion D, Bouamrani A, Gay E, Nishina Y, Bianco A, Berger F. Functional Graphene for Peritumoral Brain Microenvironment Modulation Therapy in Glioblastoma. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2208227. [PMID: 36732906 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202208227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Peritumoral brain invasion is the main target to cure glioblastoma. Chemoradiotherapy and targeted therapies fail to combat peritumoral relapse. Brain inaccessibility and tumor heterogeneity explain this failure, combined with overlooking the peritumor microenvironment. Reduce graphene oxide (rGO) provides a unique opportunity to modulate the local brain microenvironment. Multimodal graphene impacts are reported on glioblastoma cells in vitro but fail when translated in vivo because of low diffusion. This issue is solved by developing a new rGO formulation involving ultramixing during the functionalization with polyethyleneimine (PEI) leading to the formation of highly water-stable rGO-PEI. Wide mice brain diffusion and biocompatibility are demonstrated. Using an invasive GL261 model, an anti-invasive effect is observed. A major unexpected modification of the peritumoral area is also observed with the neutralization of gliosis. In vitro, mechanistic investigations are performed using primary astrocytes and cytokine array. The result suggests that direct contact of rGO-PEIUT neutralizes astrogliosis, decreasing several proinflammatory cytokines that would explain a bystander tumor anti-invasive effect. rGO also significantly downregulates several proinvasive/protumoral cytokines at the tumor cell level. The results open the way to a new microenvironment anti-invasive nanotherapy using a new graphene nanomaterial that is optimized for in vivo brain delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Min Chin
- Emmanuel Gay, François Berger, INSERM UMR1205, Brain Tech Lab, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, 38000, France
| | - Giacomo Reina
- CNRS, Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, UPR3572, University of Strasbourg, ISIS, Strasbourg, 67000, France
| | - Ngoc Do Quyen Chau
- CNRS, Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, UPR3572, University of Strasbourg, ISIS, Strasbourg, 67000, France
| | - Tanguy Chabrol
- Emmanuel Gay, François Berger, INSERM UMR1205, Brain Tech Lab, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, 38000, France
| | - Didier Wion
- Emmanuel Gay, François Berger, INSERM UMR1205, Brain Tech Lab, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, 38000, France
| | - Ali Bouamrani
- Emmanuel Gay, François Berger, INSERM UMR1205, Brain Tech Lab, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, 38000, France
| | - Emmanuel Gay
- Emmanuel Gay, François Berger, INSERM UMR1205, Brain Tech Lab, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, 38000, France
| | - Yuta Nishina
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Tsushimanaka, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
- Research Core for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Okayama University, Tsushimanaka, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Alberto Bianco
- CNRS, Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, UPR3572, University of Strasbourg, ISIS, Strasbourg, 67000, France
| | - François Berger
- Emmanuel Gay, François Berger, INSERM UMR1205, Brain Tech Lab, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, 38000, France
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Sharp PS, Stylianou M, Arellano LM, Neves JC, Gravagnuolo AM, Dodd A, Barr K, Lozano N, Kisby T, Kostarelos K. Graphene Oxide Nanoscale Platform Enhances the Anti-Cancer Properties of Bortezomib in Glioblastoma Models. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2201968. [PMID: 36300643 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202201968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Graphene-based 2D nanomaterials possess unique physicochemical characteristics which can be utilized in various biomedical applications, including the transport and presentation of chemotherapeutic agents. In glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), intratumorally administered thin graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets demonstrate a widespread distribution throughout the tumor volume without impact on tumor growth, nor spread into normal brain tissue. Such intratumoral localization and distribution can offer multiple opportunities for treatment and modulation of the GBM microenvironment. Here, the kinetics of GO nanosheet distribution in orthotopic GBM mouse models is described and a novel nano-chemotherapeutic approach utilizing thin GO sheets as platforms to non-covalently complex a proteasome inhibitor, bortezomib (BTZ), is rationally designed. Through the characterization of the GO:BTZ complexes, a high loading capacity of the small molecule on the GO surface with sustained BTZ biological activity in vitro is demonstrated. In vivo, a single low-volume intratumoral administration of GO:BTZ complex shows an enhanced cytotoxic effect compared to free drug in two orthotopic GBM mouse models. This study provides evidence of the potential that thin and small GO sheets hold as flat nanoscale platforms for GBM treatment by increasing the bioavailable drug concentration locally, leading to an enhanced therapeutic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul S Sharp
- Nanomedicine Lab, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, AV Hill Building, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Maria Stylianou
- Nanomedicine Lab, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, AV Hill Building, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Luis M Arellano
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Juliana C Neves
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Alfredo M Gravagnuolo
- Nanomedicine Lab, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, AV Hill Building, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Abbie Dodd
- Nanomedicine Lab, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, AV Hill Building, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Katharine Barr
- Nanomedicine Lab, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, AV Hill Building, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Neus Lozano
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Thomas Kisby
- Nanomedicine Lab, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, AV Hill Building, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Kostas Kostarelos
- Nanomedicine Lab, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, AV Hill Building, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.,Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
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9
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Precise Design Strategies of Nanotechnologies for Controlled Drug Delivery. J Funct Biomater 2022; 13:jfb13040188. [PMID: 36278656 PMCID: PMC9590086 DOI: 10.3390/jfb13040188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid advances in nanotechnologies are driving the revolution in controlled drug delivery. However, heterogeneous barriers, such as blood circulation and cellular barriers, prevent the drug from reaching the cellular target in complex physiologic environments. In this review, we discuss the precise design of nanotechnologies to enhance the efficacy, quality, and durability of drug delivery. For drug delivery in vivo, drugs loaded in nanoplatforms target particular sites in a spatial- and temporal-dependent manner. Advances in stimuli-responsive nanoparticles and carbon-based drug delivery platforms are summarized. For transdermal drug delivery systems, specific strategies including microneedles and hydrogel lead to a sustained release efficacy. Moreover, we highlight the current limitations of clinical translation and an incentive for the future development of nanotechnology-based drug delivery.
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10
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Côa F, Delite FDS, Strauss M, Martinez DST. Toxicity mitigation and biodistribution of albumin corona coated graphene oxide and carbon nanotubes in Caenorhabditis elegans. NANOIMPACT 2022; 27:100413. [PMID: 35940564 DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2022.100413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the toxicity and biodistribution of graphene oxide (GO) and oxidized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) were investigated in Caenorhabditis elegans. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) was selected as a model protein to evaluate the influence of protein corona formation on materials physicochemical properties, colloidal stability, and toxicity. Biological assays were performed to assess the effects of bare and albumin corona coated materials on survival, oxidative stress, intestinal barrier permeability, growth, reproduction, and fertility. Critical alterations in topography, surface roughness and chemistry of GO and MWCNT were observed due to albumin corona formation. These modifications were associated with changes in colloidal stability of materials and prevention of their aggregation and sedimentation in nematode testing medium. Both GO and MWCNT caused damage to nematode survival, growth, reproduction, and fertility, as well as enhanced oxidative stress and permeability of the intestinal barrier. But GO was more toxic than MWCNT to C. elegans, especially at long-term assays. Albumin corona mitigated 100% of acute and chronic effects of MWCNT. In contrast, the negative effects of GO were not completely mitigated; GO inhibited 16.2% of nematode growth, 86.5% of reproduction, and 32.0% of fertility at the highest concentration evaluated (10 mg L-1), while corona coated GO mitigated 50% and 100% of fertility and growth, respectively. Confocal Raman spectroscopy imaging was crucial to point out that bare and albumin corona coated GO and MWCNT crossed the C. elegans intestinal barrier reaching its reproductive organs. However, BSA corona protected the nematodes targeted organs from negative effects from MWCNT and blocked its translocation to other tissues, while coated GO was translocated inside the nematode affecting the functionality of crucial organs. In addition, coated MWCNT was excreted after 2 h of food resumption, whereas coated GO still accumulated in the nematode intestine. Our results demonstrate that the materials different translocation and excretion patterns in C. elegans had a relation to the impaired physiological functions of primary and secondary organs. This work is a contribution towards a better understanding of the impacts of protein corona on the toxicity of graphene oxide and carbon nanotubes; essential information for biological applications and nanosafety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francine Côa
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture (CENA), University of São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabrício de Souza Delite
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mathias Strauss
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; Center of Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC, Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Diego Stéfani Teodoro Martinez
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture (CENA), University of São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil; School of Technology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil.
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11
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Luo Y, Wang X, Cao Y. Transcriptomic-based toxicological investigations of graphene oxide with modest cytotoxicity to human umbilical vein endothelial cells: changes of Toll-like receptor signaling pathways. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2021; 10:1104-1115. [PMID: 34956614 PMCID: PMC8692726 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfab091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The wide uses of graphene oxide (GO) lead to the contact of GO with vascular systems, so it is necessary to investigate the toxicological effects of GO to endothelial cells. Recently, we reported that GO of small lateral size (<500 nm) was relatively biocompatible to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), but recent studies by using omics-techniques revealed that nanomaterials (NMs) even without acute cytotoxicity might induce other toxicological effects. This study investigated the effects of GO on HUVECs based on RNA-sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. Even after exposure to 100 μg/ml GO, the cellular viability of HUVECs was higher than 70%. Furthermore, 25 μg/ml GO was internalized but did not induce ultrastructural changes or intracellular superoxide. These results combined indicated GO's relatively high biocompatibility. However, by analyzing the most significantly altered Gene Ontology terms and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genomes pathways, we found that 25 μg/ml GO altered pathways related to immune systems' functions and the responses to virus. We further verified that GO exposure significantly decreased Toll-like receptor 3 and interleukin 8 proteins, indicating an immune suppressive effect. However, THP-1 monocyte adhesion was induced by GO with or without the presence of inflammatory stimulus lipopolysaccharide. We concluded that GO might inhibit the immune responses to virus in endothelial cells at least partially mediated by the inhibition of TLR3. Our results also highlighted a need to investigate the toxicological effects of NMs even without acute cytotoxicity by omics-based techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingmei Luo
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Biochemistry, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Yi Cao
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
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de Lázaro I, Mooney DJ. Obstacles and opportunities in a forward vision for cancer nanomedicine. NATURE MATERIALS 2021; 20:1469-1479. [PMID: 34226688 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-021-01047-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Cancer nanomedicines were initially envisioned as magic bullets, travelling through the circulation to target tumours while sparing healthy tissues the toxicity of classic chemotherapy. While a limited number of nanomedicine therapies have resulted, the disappointing news is that major obstacles were overlooked in the nanoparticle's journey. However, some of these challenges may be turned into opportunities. Here, we discuss biological barriers to cancer nanomedicines and elaborate on two directions that the field is currently exploring to meet its initial expectations. The first strategy entails re-engineering cancer nanomedicines to prevent undesired interactions en route to the tumour. The second aims instead to leverage these obstacles into out-of-the-box diagnostic and therapeutic applications of nanomedicines, for cancer and beyond. Both paths require, among other developments, a deeper understanding of nano-bio interactions. We offer a forward look at how classic cancer nanomedicine may overcome its limitations while contributing to other areas of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene de Lázaro
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David J Mooney
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.
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Unal MA, Bayrakdar F, Nazir H, Besbinar O, Gurcan C, Lozano N, Arellano LM, Yalcin S, Panatli O, Celik D, Alkaya D, Agan A, Fusco L, Suzuk Yildiz S, Delogu LG, Akcali KC, Kostarelos K, Yilmazer A. Graphene Oxide Nanosheets Interact and Interfere with SARS-CoV-2 Surface Proteins and Cell Receptors to Inhibit Infectivity. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2101483. [PMID: 33988903 PMCID: PMC8236978 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202101483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology can offer a number of options against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) acting both extracellularly and intracellularly to the host cells. Here, the aim is to explore graphene oxide (GO), the most studied 2D nanomaterial in biomedical applications, as a nanoscale platform for interaction with SARS-CoV-2. Molecular docking analyses of GO sheets on interaction with three different structures: SARS-CoV-2 viral spike (open state - 6VYB or closed state - 6VXX), ACE2 (1R42), and the ACE2-bound spike complex (6M0J) are performed. GO shows high affinity for the surface of all three structures (6M0J, 6VYB and 6VXX). When binding affinities and involved bonding types are compared, GO interacts more strongly with the spike or ACE2, compared to 6M0J. Infection experiments using infectious viral particles from four different clades as classified by Global Initiative on Sharing all Influenza Data (GISAID), are performed for validation purposes. Thin, biological-grade GO nanoscale (few hundred nanometers in lateral dimension) sheets are able to significantly reduce copies for three different viral clades. This data has demonstrated that GO sheets have the capacity to interact with SARS-CoV-2 surface components and disrupt infectivity even in the presence of any mutations on the viral spike. GO nanosheets are proposed to be further explored as a nanoscale platform for development of antiviral strategies against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fatma Bayrakdar
- Ministry of Health General Directorate of Public HealthMicrobiology References LaboratorySihhiyeAnkara06430Turkey
| | - Hasan Nazir
- Department of ChemistryAnkara UniversityTandoganAnkara06100Turkey
| | - Omur Besbinar
- Stem Cell InstituteAnkara UniversityBalgatAnkara06520Turkey
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringAnkara UniversityGolbasiAnkara06830Turkey
| | - Cansu Gurcan
- Stem Cell InstituteAnkara UniversityBalgatAnkara06520Turkey
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringAnkara UniversityGolbasiAnkara06830Turkey
| | - Neus Lozano
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2)UAB Campus BellaterraBarcelona08193Spain
| | - Luis M. Arellano
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2)UAB Campus BellaterraBarcelona08193Spain
| | - Süleyman Yalcin
- Ministry of Health General Directorate of Public HealthMicrobiology References LaboratorySihhiyeAnkara06430Turkey
| | - Oguzhan Panatli
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringAnkara UniversityGolbasiAnkara06830Turkey
| | - Dogantan Celik
- Stem Cell InstituteAnkara UniversityBalgatAnkara06520Turkey
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringAnkara UniversityGolbasiAnkara06830Turkey
| | - Damla Alkaya
- Stem Cell InstituteAnkara UniversityBalgatAnkara06520Turkey
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringAnkara UniversityGolbasiAnkara06830Turkey
| | - Aydan Agan
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringAnkara UniversityGolbasiAnkara06830Turkey
| | - Laura Fusco
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of PaduaPadua35122Italy
| | - Serap Suzuk Yildiz
- Ministry of Health General Directorate of Public HealthMicrobiology References LaboratorySihhiyeAnkara06430Turkey
| | | | - Kamil Can Akcali
- Stem Cell InstituteAnkara UniversityBalgatAnkara06520Turkey
- Department of BiophysicsFaculty of MedicineAnkara UniversitySihhiyeAnkara06230Turkey
| | - Kostas Kostarelos
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2)UAB Campus BellaterraBarcelona08193Spain
- Nanomedicine Lab National Graphene Institute and Faculty of Biology Medicine & HealthThe University of ManchesterAV Hill BuildingManchesterM13 9PTUnited Kingdom
| | - Açelya Yilmazer
- Stem Cell InstituteAnkara UniversityBalgatAnkara06520Turkey
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringAnkara UniversityGolbasiAnkara06830Turkey
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