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Ren B, Li Z, Zhang Y, Feng S, Wang L. New Interpretation of Glass Formation in Isomeric Substances: Shifting from Melting-Point to Melting-Entropy. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2206389. [PMID: 36792966 PMCID: PMC10104644 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202206389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Revealing the critical thermodynamic parameters determining the glass formation of substances is of great significance for understanding the glass transition and guiding the composition design of glass-forming materials. Nevertheless, the direct access to glass-forming ability (GFA) by thermodynamics for various substances remains to be substantiated. The strategy to seek the fundamental properties of glass formation is explored several decades ago, as pioneered by Angell, arguing that the GFA in isomeric xylenes depends on the low lattice energy manifested by the low melting point. Here, an in-depth study is advanced using two more isomeric systems. Surprisingly, the results do not constantly support the reported relationship between the melting point and glass formation among isomeric molecules. Instead, molecules with enhanced glass formability are featured by the properties of low melting entropy without exception. Comprehensive studies of isomeric molecules find that the low melting entropy is roughly accompanied by the low melting point, explaining the apparent link between melting point and glass formation. Progressively, the viscosity measurements of the isomers uncover a strong dependence of the melting viscosity on melting entropy. These results emphasize the significance of the melting entropy in governing the glass formability of substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baokang Ren
- State Key Lab of Metastable Materials Science and TechnologySchool of Materials Science and EngineeringYanshan UniversityQinhuangdaoHebei066004China
| | - Zijing Li
- Key Lab for Microstructural Material Physics of Hebei ProvinceSchool of ScienceYanshan UniversityQinhuangdaoHebei066004China
| | - Yanhui Zhang
- State Key Lab of Metastable Materials Science and TechnologySchool of Materials Science and EngineeringYanshan UniversityQinhuangdaoHebei066004China
| | - Shidong Feng
- State Key Lab of Metastable Materials Science and TechnologySchool of Materials Science and EngineeringYanshan UniversityQinhuangdaoHebei066004China
| | - Li‐Min Wang
- State Key Lab of Metastable Materials Science and TechnologySchool of Materials Science and EngineeringYanshan UniversityQinhuangdaoHebei066004China
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Wondraczek L, Bouchbinder E, Ehrlicher A, Mauro JC, Sajzew R, Smedskjaer MM. Advancing the Mechanical Performance of Glasses: Perspectives and Challenges. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2109029. [PMID: 34870862 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202109029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Glasses are materials that lack a crystalline microstructure and long-range atomic order. Instead, they feature heterogeneity and disorder on superstructural scales, which have profound consequences for their elastic response, material strength, fracture toughness, and the characteristics of dynamic fracture. These structure-property relations present a rich field of study in fundamental glass physics and are also becoming increasingly important in the design of modern materials with improved mechanical performance. A first step in this direction involves glass-like materials that retain optical transparency and the haptics of classical glass products, while overcoming the limitations of brittleness. Among these, novel types of oxide glasses, hybrid glasses, phase-separated glasses, and bioinspired glass-polymer composites hold significant promise. Such materials are designed from the bottom-up, building on structure-property relations, modeling of stresses and strains at relevant length scales, and machine learning predictions. Their fabrication requires a more scientifically driven approach to materials design and processing, building on the physics of structural disorder and its consequences for structural rearrangements, defect initiation, and dynamic fracture in response to mechanical load. In this article, a perspective is provided on this highly interdisciplinary field of research in terms of its most recent challenges and opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lothar Wondraczek
- Otto Schott Institute of Materials Research, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Fraunhoferstrasse 6, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Center of Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Eran Bouchbinder
- Chemical and Biological Physics Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Allen Ehrlicher
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 2A7, Canada
| | - John C Mauro
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Roman Sajzew
- Otto Schott Institute of Materials Research, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Fraunhoferstrasse 6, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Morten M Smedskjaer
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg, 9220, Denmark
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Karlsson S. Compositional Effects on Indentation Mechanical Properties of Chemically Strengthened TiO 2-Doped Soda Lime Silicate Glasses. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15020577. [PMID: 35057295 PMCID: PMC8779215 DOI: 10.3390/ma15020577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
TiO2 is an important oxide for property modifications in the conventional soda lime silicate glass family. It offers interesting optical and mechanical properties, for instance, by substituting heavy metals such as lead in consumer glasses. The compositional effects on the hardness, reduced elastic modulus and crack resistance as determined by indentation of chemically strengthened (CS) TiO2-doped soda lime silicate glass was studied in the current paper. The CS, which was performed by a K+ for Na+ ion exchange in a molten KNO3 salt bath at 450 °C for 15 h, yielded significant changes in the indentation mechanical properties. The hardness of the glass samples increased, and this was notably dependent on the SiO2, CaO and TiO2 content. The reduced elastic modulus was less affected by the CS but showed decrease for most samples. The crack resistance, an important property in many applications where glasses are subjected to contact damage, showed very different behaviors among the series. Only one of the series did significantly improve the crack resistance where low CaO content, high TiO2 content, high molar volume and increased elastic deformation favored an increased crack resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Karlsson
- Glass Unit, Department of Building and Real Estate, Division of Built Environment, RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Vejdes plats 3, 352 52 Växjö, Sweden
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Ren X, Liu P, Rzoska SJ, Lucznik B, Bockowski M, Smedskjaer MM. Indentation Response of Calcium Aluminoborosilicate Glasses Subjected to Humid Aging and Hot Compression. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14133450. [PMID: 34206254 PMCID: PMC8269477 DOI: 10.3390/ma14133450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Aluminoborosilicate glasses find a wide range of applications, which require good mechanical reliability such as surface damage resistance. Calcium aluminoborosilicate (CABS) glasses have recently been found to exhibit so-called intermediate behavior in terms of their response to sharp contact loading. That is, these glasses deform with less shear than normal glass and less densification than anomalous glasses. This deformation mechanism is believed to give rise to high crack initiation resistance of certain CABS glasses. In order to further improve and understand the micromechanical properties of this glass family, we studied the indentation response of different CABS glasses subjected to two types of post-treatment, namely hot compression and humid aging. Upon hot compression, density, elastic moduli, and hardness increased. Specifically, elastic modulus increased by as much as 20% relative to the as-made sample, while the largest change in hardness was 1.8 GPa compared to the as-made sample after hot compression. The pressure-induced increase in these properties can be ascribed to the increase in network connectivity and bond density. On the other hand, the crack initiation resistance decreased, as the hot compression increased the residual stress driving the indentation cracking. Humid aging had only a minor impact on density, modulus, and hardness, but an observed decrease in crack initiation resistance. We discuss the correlations between hardness, density, crack resistance, and deformation mechanism and our study thus provides guidelines for tailoring the mechanical properties of oxide glasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangting Ren
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark; (X.R.); (P.L.)
| | - Pengfei Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark; (X.R.); (P.L.)
| | - Sylwester J. Rzoska
- Institute of High-Pressure Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 01-142 Warsaw, Poland; (S.J.R.); (B.L.); (M.B.)
| | - Boleslaw Lucznik
- Institute of High-Pressure Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 01-142 Warsaw, Poland; (S.J.R.); (B.L.); (M.B.)
| | - Michal Bockowski
- Institute of High-Pressure Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 01-142 Warsaw, Poland; (S.J.R.); (B.L.); (M.B.)
| | - Morten M. Smedskjaer
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark; (X.R.); (P.L.)
- Correspondence:
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To T, Sørensen SS, Christensen JFS, Christensen R, Jensen LR, Bockowski M, Bauchy M, Smedskjaer MM. Bond Switching in Densified Oxide Glass Enables Record-High Fracture Toughness. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:17753-17765. [PMID: 33822572 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c00435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Humans primarily interact with information technology through glass touch screens, and the world would indeed be unrecognizable without glass. However, the low toughness of oxide glasses continues to be their Achilles heel, limiting both future applications and the possibility to make thinner, more environmentally friendly glasses. Here, we show that with proper control of plasticity mechanisms, record-high values of fracture toughness for transparent bulk oxide glasses can be achieved. Through proper combination of gas-mediated permanent densification and rational composition design, we increase the glasses' propensity for plastic deformation. Specifically, we demonstrate a fracture toughness of an aluminoborate glass (1.4 MPa m0.5) that is twice as high as that of commercial glasses for mobile devices. Atomistic simulations reveal that the densification of the adaptive aluminoborate network increases coordination number changes and bond swapping, ultimately enhancing plasticity and toughness upon fracture. Our findings thus provide general insights into the intrinsic toughening mechanisms of oxide glasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theany To
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, Aalborg East 9220, Denmark
| | - Søren S Sørensen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, Aalborg East 9220, Denmark
| | - Johan F S Christensen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, Aalborg East 9220, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Christensen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, Aalborg East 9220, Denmark
| | - Lars R Jensen
- Department of Materials and Production, Aalborg University, Fibigerstræde 16, Aalborg East 9220, Denmark
| | - Michal Bockowski
- Institute of High-Pressure Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sokołowska 29, Warsaw 0114, Poland
| | - Mathieu Bauchy
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, 7400 Boelter Hall, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Morten M Smedskjaer
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, Aalborg East 9220, Denmark
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Lee SK, Lee AC, Kweon JJ. Probing Medium-Range Order in Oxide Glasses at High Pressure. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:1330-1338. [PMID: 33502857 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Densification in glassy networks has traditionally been described in terms of short-range structures, such as how atoms are coordinated and how the coordination polyhedron is linked in the second coordination environment. While changes in medium-range structures beyond the second coordination shells may play an important role, experimental verification of the densification beyond short-range structures is among the remaining challenges in the physical sciences. Here, a correlation NMR experiment for prototypical borate glasses under compression up to 9 GPa offers insights into the pressure-induced evolution of proximity among cations on a medium-range scale. Whereas amorphous networks at ambient pressure may favor the formation of medium-range clusters consisting primarily of similar coordination species, such segregation between distinct coordination environments tends to decrease with increasing pressure, promoting a more homogeneous distribution of dissimilar structural units. Together with an increase in the average coordination number, densification of glass accompanies a preferential rearrangement toward a random distribution, which may increase the configurational entropy. The results highlight the direct link between the pressure-induced increase in medium-range disorder and the densification of glasses under extreme compression.
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Lee SK, Mun KY, Kim YH, Lhee J, Okuchi T, Lin JF. Degree of Permanent Densification in Oxide Glasses upon Extreme Compression up to 24 GPa at Room Temperature. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:2917-2924. [PMID: 32223166 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c00709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
During the decompression of plastically deformed glasses at room temperature, some aspects of irreversible densification may be preserved. This densification has been primarily attributed to topological changes in glass networks. The changes in short-range structures like cation coordination numbers are often assumed to be relaxed upon decompression. Here the NMR results for aluminosilicate glass upon permanent densification up to 24 GPa reveal noticeable changes in the Al coordination number under pressure conditions as low as ∼6 GPa. A drastic increase in the highly coordinated Al fraction is evident over only a relatively narrow pressure range of up to ∼12 GPa, above which the coordination change becomes negligible up to 24 GPa. In contrast, Si coordination environments do not change, highlighting preferential coordination transformation during deformation. The observed trend in the coordination environment shows a remarkable similarity to the pressure-induced changes in the residual glass density, yielding a predictive relationship between the irreversible densification and the detailed structures under extreme compression. The results open a way to access the nature of plastic deformation in complex glasses at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Keun Lee
- Laboratory of Physics and Chemistry of Earth Materials, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Institute of Applied Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Kwan Young Mun
- Laboratory of Physics and Chemistry of Earth Materials, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Yong-Hyun Kim
- Laboratory of Physics and Chemistry of Earth Materials, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Juho Lhee
- Laboratory of Physics and Chemistry of Earth Materials, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Takuo Okuchi
- Institute for Planetary Materials, Okayama University, Misasa 682-0193, Japan
| | - Jung-Fu Lin
- Department of Geological Sciences, Jackson School of Geosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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8
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Strain-hardening and suppression of shear-banding in rejuvenated bulk metallic glass. Nature 2020; 578:559-562. [DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2016-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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