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Su Y, Li S, Li X, Zhou JY, Chauhan VP, Li M, Su YH, Liu CM, Ren YF, Yin W, Rimer JD, Cai T. Tartronic Acid as a Potential Inhibitor of Pathological Calcium Oxalate Crystallization. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2400642. [PMID: 38647258 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202400642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Kidney stones are a pervasive disease with notoriously high recurrence rates that require more effective treatment strategies. Herein, tartronic acid is introduced as an efficient inhibitor of calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) crystallization, which is the most prevalent constituent of human kidney stones. A combination of in situ experimental techniques and simulations are employed to compare the inhibitory effects of tartronic acid with those of its molecular analogs. Tartronic acid exhibits an affinity for binding to rapidly growing apical surfaces of COM crystals, thus setting it apart from other inhibitors such as citric acid, the current preventative treatment for kidney stones. Bulk crystallization and in situ atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements confirm the mechanism by which tartronic acid interacts with COM crystal surfaces and inhibits growth. These findings are consistent with in vivo studies that reveal the efficacy of tartronic acid is similar to that of citric acid in mouse models of hyperoxaluria regarding their inhibitory effect on stone formation and alleviating stone-related physical harm. In summary, these findings highlight the potential of tartronic acid as a promising alternative to citric acid for the management of calcium oxalate nephropathies, offering a new option for clinical intervention in cases of kidney stones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Su
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Si Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Xin Li
- The State Key Lab of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210036, China
| | - Jing-Ying Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Vraj P Chauhan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Ya-Hui Su
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Chun-Mei Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Yi-Fei Ren
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Wu Yin
- The State Key Lab of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210036, China
| | - Jeffrey D Rimer
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Ting Cai
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
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2
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Wang X, Xie L, Liu C. CCR2 antagonist attenuates calcium oxalate-induced kidney oxidative stress and inflammation by regulating macrophage activation. Exp Anim 2024; 73:211-222. [PMID: 38199255 PMCID: PMC11091353 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.23-0113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
C-C chemokine receptor type 2 (CCR2) is a monocyte chemokine associated with oxidative stress and inflammation. Kidney stones (KS) are composed of calcium oxalate (CaOx), which trigger renal oxidative stress and inflammatory. This study aims to evaluate the effects of CCR2 on KS in vivo and in vitro. Eight-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were intraperitoneally injected with glyoxylate (GOX) daily to establish a KS model, and along with CCR2 antagonist (INCB3344) treatment on days 2, 4, and 6. The results showed that CCR2 antagonist reduced renal injury markers (blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine), alleviated renal tubular injury and CaOx crystal deposition. CCR2 antagonist also decreased CCR2 expression induced by GOX treatment and increased Nrf2 expression. GOX treatment promoted malondialdehyde (MDA) production, decreased glutathione (GSH) content, and inhibited catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, however, CCR2 antagonist attenuated the above effects of GOX. CCR2 antagonist had inhibitory effects on GOX-induced inflammatory cytokine expression (IL1B, IL6 and MCP1), and inhibited apoptosis by increasing Bcl-2 expression and decreasing Bax and cleaved-caspase 3 expression. In vitro experiments were performed by co-culture model of CaOx-induced damaged HK-2 cells and macrophage-like THP-1 cells. CCR2 antagonist inhibited CaOx-induced THP-1 cell M1 polarization by decreasing the TNF-α, IL6 and iNOS levels, and further alleviated CaOx-induced oxidative stress damage, inflammatory response and apoptosis of HK-2 cells. The study suggests that CCR2 antagonist may be resistant to CaOx crystals-induced oxidative stress and inflammation by inhibiting macrophage M1 polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinpeng Wang
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, 23 Pingjiang Road, Hexi District, Tianjin 300211, P.R. China
| | - Linguo Xie
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, 23 Pingjiang Road, Hexi District, Tianjin 300211, P.R. China
| | - Chunyu Liu
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, 23 Pingjiang Road, Hexi District, Tianjin 300211, P.R. China
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Su X, Song C, He Z, Song Q, Meng L, Dong C, Zhou J, Ke H, Xiong Y, Liu J, Liao W, Yang S. Ambra1 in exosomes secreted by HK-2 cells damaged by supersaturated oxalate induce mitophagy and autophagy-ferroptosis in normal HK-2 cells to participate in the occurrence of kidney stones. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2024; 1871:119604. [PMID: 37806389 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2023.119604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Injury to the renal tubular epithelium has emerged as a leading factor underlying the formation of kidney stones. Indeed, epithelial cell damage contributes to the adherence and aggregation of crystals, thereby accelerating the formation of renal stones. Meanwhile, exosomes play an instrumental role in cellular communication, including DNA, RNA, mRNA, etc. In this study, homogenous cells were treated with exosomes derived from damaged cells in an attempt to establish "positive feedback" of cell damage, and the desired results were achieved. To begin, a serum-free medium and supersaturated concentrations of oxalate were added to the HK-2 cell line, and then exosomes were isolated from the two groups for analysis and comparison, and the autophagy-related gene Ambra1 (autophagy and beclin-1 regulator 1) was detected. Subsequently, normal HK-2 cells were treated with exosomes, and the related indexes of autophagy, ferroptosis and mitophagy were determined. Thereafter, Ambra1 was knocked down in exosome-derived HK-2 cells, resulting in the down-regulation of Ambra1 expression in exosomes produced by HK-2 cells following oxalate intervention. Thereafter, the ability of exosomes to stimulate autophagy, mitophagy and ferroptosis was re-evaluated in HK-2 cells after Ambra1 knockdown. The results corroborated that exosomes secreted by oxalate-treated HK-2 can directly elevate autophagy, ferroptosis and mitophagy levels in normal cells, and this effect was significantly mitigated following Ambra1 knockdown within exosomes. Meanwhile, exosomes-induced autophagy and ferroptosis were alleviated after knockdown of beclin-1 in recipient HK-2 cells. These results further suggest that beclin-1 plays a critical role in the process of exosome-induced autophagy-ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhe Su
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chao Song
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ziqi He
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qianlin Song
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lingchao Meng
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Caitao Dong
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiawei Zhou
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hu Ke
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yunhe Xiong
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Junwei Liu
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenbiao Liao
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Sixing Yang
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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Costa-Bauza A, Grases F. 7-Methylxanthine Inhibits the Formation of Monosodium Urate Crystals by Increasing Its Solubility. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1769. [PMID: 38136640 PMCID: PMC10742025 DOI: 10.3390/biom13121769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Gout is characterized by the formation of monosodium urate crystals in peripheral joints. We carried out laboratory studies to investigate the effect of adding nine different methylxanthines and two different methylated uric acid derivatives on the development of these crystals over the course of 96 h in a medium whose composition was similar to that of synovial fluid. Our results showed that 7-methylxanthine reduced or totally prevented crystal formation; 1-methylxanthine, 3-methylxanthine, 7-methyluric acid, and 1,3-dimethyluric acid had weaker effects, and the other molecules had no apparent effect. The presented results indicate that a 7-methylxanthine concentration of about 6 × 10-5 M (10 mg/L) prevented the formation of crystals for an initial urate concentration of 1.78 × 10-3 M (300 mg/L) in the presence of 0.4 M of Na+ for 96 h at 25 °C and a pH of 7.4. We attribute these results to alterations in thermodynamics, not kinetics. Our results suggest that prevention of crystallization in vivo could be achieved by direct oral administration of 7-methylxanthine or other methylxanthines that are metabolized to 7-methylxanthine. For example, the hepatic metabolism of theobromine leads to significant plasma levels of 7-methylxanthine (14% of the initial theobromine concentration) and 3-methylxanthine (6% of the initial theobromine concentration); however, 7-methyluric acid is present at very low concentrations in the plasma. It is important to consider that several of the specific molecules we examined (theobromine, caffeine, theophylline, dyphylline, etophylline, and pentoxifylline) did not directly affect crystallization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Felix Grases
- Laboratory of Renal Lithiasis Research, University Institute of Health Science Research (IUNICS-IdISBa), University of Balearic Islands, Ctra. de Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122 Palma, Spain;
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Anastasiadis A, Koudonas A, Langas G, Tsiakaras S, Memmos D, Mykoniatis I, Symeonidis EN, Tsiptsios D, Savvides E, Vakalopoulos I, Dimitriadis G, de la Rosette J. Transforming urinary stone disease management by artificial intelligence-based methods: A comprehensive review. Asian J Urol 2023; 10:258-274. [PMID: 37538159 PMCID: PMC10394286 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajur.2023.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To provide a comprehensive review on the existing research and evidence regarding artificial intelligence (AI) applications in the assessment and management of urinary stone disease. Methods A comprehensive literature review was performed using PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases to identify publications about innovative concepts or supporting applications of AI in the improvement of every medical procedure relating to stone disease. The terms ''endourology'', ''artificial intelligence'', ''machine learning'', and ''urolithiasis'' were used for searching eligible reports, while review articles, articles referring to automated procedures without AI application, and editorial comments were excluded from the final set of publications. The search was conducted from January 2000 to September 2023 and included manuscripts in the English language. Results A total of 69 studies were identified. The main subjects were related to the detection of urinary stones, the prediction of the outcome of conservative or operative management, the optimization of operative procedures, and the elucidation of the relation of urinary stone chemistry with various factors. Conclusion AI represents a useful tool that provides urologists with numerous amenities, which explains the fact that it has gained ground in the pursuit of stone disease management perfection. The effectiveness of diagnosis and therapy can be increased by using it as an alternative or adjunct to the already existing data. However, little is known concerning the potential of this vast field. Electronic patient records, containing big data, offer AI the opportunity to develop and analyze more precise and efficient diagnostic and treatment algorithms. Nevertheless, the existing applications are not generalizable in real-life practice, and high-quality studies are needed to establish the integration of AI in the management of urinary stone disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasios Anastasiadis
- 1st Department of Urology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Medicine, “G.Gennimatas” General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Antonios Koudonas
- 1st Department of Urology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Medicine, “G.Gennimatas” General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgios Langas
- 1st Department of Urology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Medicine, “G.Gennimatas” General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stavros Tsiakaras
- 1st Department of Urology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Medicine, “G.Gennimatas” General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Memmos
- 1st Department of Urology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Medicine, “G.Gennimatas” General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis Mykoniatis
- 1st Department of Urology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Medicine, “G.Gennimatas” General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Evangelos N. Symeonidis
- 1st Department of Urology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Medicine, “G.Gennimatas” General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Tsiptsios
- Neurology Department, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | | | - Ioannis Vakalopoulos
- 1st Department of Urology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Medicine, “G.Gennimatas” General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgios Dimitriadis
- 1st Department of Urology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Medicine, “G.Gennimatas” General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Jean de la Rosette
- Department of Urology, Istanbul Medipol Mega University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
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Zhang L, Li S, Cong M, Liu Z, Dong Z, Zhao M, Gao K, Hu L, Qiao H. Lemon-Derived Extracellular Vesicle-like Nanoparticles Block the Progression of Kidney Stones by Antagonizing Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Renal Tubular Cells. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:1555-1563. [PMID: 36727669 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c05099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Kidney stones, represented by the calcium oxalate (CaOx) type, are highly prevalent and recrudescent. Cumulative evidence shows regular consumption of lemonade intervenes with stone development. However, the detailed mechanism remains obscure. Here, extracellular vesicle-like nanoparticles (LEVNs) isolated from lemonade are demonstrated to traffick from the gut to the kidney, primarily enriched in tubule cells. Oral administration of LEVNs significantly alleviates the progression of kidney stones in rats. Mechanistically, in addition to altering the crystallization of CaOx toward a less stable subtype, LEVNs suppress the CaOx-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress response of tubule cells, as indicated by homeostasis of specific signaling molecules and restoration of subcellular function, thus indirectly inhibiting stone formation. To exercise this regulation, endocytosed LEVNs traffick along the microtubules throughout the cytoplasm and are eventually recruited into lysosomes. In conclusion, this study reveals a LEVNs-mediated mechanism against renal calculi and provides positive evidence for consumption of lemonade preventing stone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Functional Substance of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Simin Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Functional Substance of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Minghui Cong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Functional Substance of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhuoya Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Functional Substance of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhiyue Dong
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Efficient Delivery System of TCM, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Meng Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Functional Substance of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Kun Gao
- Division of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lihong Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Functional Substance of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hongzhi Qiao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Functional Substance of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Efficient Delivery System of TCM, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
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7
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Ahmatjan B, Ruotian L, Rahman A, Bin M, Heng D, Yi H, Tao C, le G, Mahmut M. Klotho inhibits the formation of calcium oxalate stones by regulating the Keap1-Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway. Int Urol Nephrol 2023; 55:263-276. [PMID: 36336747 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-022-03398-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Oxidative damage is important in calcium oxalate (CaOx) stone development but occurs via multiple pathways. Studies have shown that klotho plays an essential role in ameliorating oxidative damage. This study aims to explore the role of klotho in CaOx stones and whether the underlying mechanism is related to the regulation of Keap1-Nrf2-ARE signaling. METHODS METHODS The levels of GSH, SOD, CAT, MDA, and ROS were examined by ELISA. The klotho, Bcl-2, caspase-3, Keap1, Nrf2, HO-1, and NQO1 mRNA levels were measured by qRT‒PCR, and their protein levels were detected by Western blotting. Renal tissue apoptosis was examined by TUNEL staining, and crystal cell adherence and apoptosis in HKC cells were assessed based on the Ca2+ concentrations and by flow cytometry. The renal pathological changes and the adhesion of CaOx crystals in the kidneys were examined by hematoxylin-eosin and von Kossa staining, respectively. RESULTS RESULTS We constructed a CaOx kidney stone model in vitro. By regulating the klotho gene, klotho overexpression inhibited the CaOx-induced promotion of crystal cell adherence and apoptosis in HKC cells, and these effects were reversed by klotho knockdown. Moreover, our in vivo assay demonstrated that klotho overexpression alleviated glyoxylate administration-induced renal oxidative damage, renal apoptosis, and crystal deposition in the kidneys of mice, and these effects were also associated with activation of the Keap1-Nrf2-ARE pathway. CONCLUSION CONCLUSION Klotho protein inhibits the oxidative stress response of HKC cells through the Keap1-Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway, reduces the apoptosis of and adhesion of CaOx crystals to HKC cells, and decreases the occurrence of CaOx kidney stones. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION 20220304.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahtiyar Ahmatjan
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, China
| | - Liu Ruotian
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, China
| | - Alim Rahman
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830036, China
| | - Ma Bin
- Department of Urology, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, China
| | - Du Heng
- Department of Urology, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, China
| | - He Yi
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, China
| | - Cui Tao
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, China
| | - Gao le
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, China
| | - Murat Mahmut
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, China. .,Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830036, China.
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Gong Y, Fang S, Zheng Y, Guo H, Yang F. Tetra-cyanostilbene macrocycle: An effective “turn-on” fluorescence sensor for oxalic acid in aqueous media. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.114307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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9
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Zhang XZ, Lei XX, Jiang YL, Zhao LM, Zou CY, Bai YJ, Li YX, Wang R, Li QJ, Chen QZ, Fan MH, Song YT, Zhang WQ, Zhang Y, Li-Ling J, Xie HQ. Application of metabolomics in urolithiasis: the discovery and usage of succinate. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:41. [PMID: 36681678 PMCID: PMC9867757 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01311-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Urinary stone is conceptualized as a chronic metabolic disorder punctuated by symptomatic stone events. It has been shown that the occurrence of calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) during stone formation is regulated by crystal growth modifiers. Although crystallization inhibitors have been recognized as a therapeutic modality for decades, limited progress has been made in the discovery of effective modifiers to intervene with stone disease. In this study, we have used metabolomics technologies, a powerful approach to identify biomarkers by screening the urine components of the dynamic progression in a bladder stone model. By in-depth mining and analysis of metabolomics data, we have screened five differential metabolites. Through density functional theory studies and bulk crystallization, we found that three of them (salicyluric, gentisic acid and succinate) could effectively inhibit nucleation in vitro. We thereby assessed the impact of the inhibitors with an EG-induced rat model for kidney stones. Notably, succinate, a key player in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, could decrease kidney calcium deposition and injury in the model. Transcriptomic analysis further showed that the protective effect of succinate was mainly through anti-inflammation, inhibition of cell adhesion and osteogenic differentiation. These findings indicated that succinate may provide a new therapeutic option for urinary stones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Zhen Zhang
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Orthopedic Research Institute, Department of Orthopedics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Xiong-Xin Lei
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Orthopedic Research Institute, Department of Orthopedics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Yan-Lin Jiang
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Orthopedic Research Institute, Department of Orthopedics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Long-Mei Zhao
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Orthopedic Research Institute, Department of Orthopedics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Chen-Yu Zou
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Orthopedic Research Institute, Department of Orthopedics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Yun-Jin Bai
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Ya-Xing Li
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Orthopedic Research Institute, Department of Orthopedics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Orthopedic Research Institute, Department of Orthopedics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Qian-Jin Li
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Orthopedic Research Institute, Department of Orthopedics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Qiu-Zhu Chen
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Orthopedic Research Institute, Department of Orthopedics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Ming-Hui Fan
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Orthopedic Research Institute, Department of Orthopedics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Yu-Ting Song
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Orthopedic Research Institute, Department of Orthopedics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Wen-Qian Zhang
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Orthopedic Research Institute, Department of Orthopedics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Research Core Facility of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Jesse Li-Ling
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Orthopedic Research Institute, Department of Orthopedics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
- Department of Medical Genetics, West China Second University Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Hui-Qi Xie
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Orthopedic Research Institute, Department of Orthopedics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
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10
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Collins MT, Marcucci G, Anders HJ, Beltrami G, Cauley JA, Ebeling PR, Kumar R, Linglart A, Sangiorgi L, Towler DA, Weston R, Whyte MP, Brandi ML, Clarke B, Thakker RV. Skeletal and extraskeletal disorders of biomineralization. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2022; 18:473-489. [PMID: 35578027 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-022-00682-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The physiological process of biomineralization is complex and deviation from it leads to a variety of diseases. Progress in the past 10 years has enhanced understanding of the genetic, molecular and cellular pathophysiology underlying these disorders; sometimes, this knowledge has both facilitated restoration of health and clarified the very nature of biomineralization as it occurs in humans. In this Review, we consider the principal regulators of mineralization and crystallization, and how dysregulation of these processes can lead to human disease. The knowledge acquired to date and gaps still to be filled are highlighted. The disorders of mineralization discussed comprise a broad spectrum of conditions that encompass bone disorders associated with alterations of mineral quantity and quality, as well as disorders of extraskeletal mineralization (hyperphosphataemic familial tumoural calcinosis). Included are disorders of alkaline phosphatase (hypophosphatasia) and phosphate homeostasis (X-linked hypophosphataemic rickets, fluorosis, rickets and osteomalacia). Furthermore, crystallopathies are covered as well as arterial and renal calcification. This Review discusses the current knowledge of biomineralization derived from basic and clinical research and points to future studies that will lead to new therapeutic approaches for biomineralization disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Collins
- Skeletal Disorders and Mineral Homeostasis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Gemma Marcucci
- Bone Metabolic Diseases Unit, Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Hans-Joachim Anders
- Department of Medicine IV, Hospital of the University of Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Giovanni Beltrami
- Department Paediatric Orthopedic Oncology, Careggi and Meyer Children Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Jane A Cauley
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Peter R Ebeling
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rajiv Kumar
- Departments of Medicine, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Agnès Linglart
- APHP, Endocrinologie et diabète de l'enfant, Paris, France
| | - Luca Sangiorgi
- Medical Genetics and Skeletal Rare Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Dwight A Towler
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ria Weston
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Michael P Whyte
- Center for Metabolic Bone Disease and Molecular Research, Shriners Hospitals for Children-St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Bart Clarke
- Mayo Clinic Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Rajesh V Thakker
- Academic Endocrine Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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11
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Yoodee S, Peerapen P, Plumworasawat S, Thongboonkerd V. Roles of heat-shock protein 90 and its four domains (N, LR, M and C) in calcium oxalate stone-forming processes. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:454. [PMID: 35900595 PMCID: PMC9330963 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04483-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Human heat-shock protein 90 (HSP90) has four functional domains, including NH2-terminal (N), charged linker region (LR), middle (M) and COOH-terminal (C) domains. In kidney stone disease (or nephrolithiasis/urolithiasis), HSP90 serves as a receptor for calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM), which is the most common crystal to form kidney stones. Nevertheless, roles of HSP90 and its four domains in kidney stone formation remained unclear and under-investigated. We thus examined and compared their effects on COM crystals during physical (crystallization, growth and aggregation) and biological (crystal–cell adhesion and crystal invasion through extracellular matrix (ECM)) pathogenic processes of kidney stone formation. The analyses revealed that full-length (FL) HSP90 obviously increased COM crystal size and abundance during crystallization and markedly promoted crystal growth, aggregation, adhesion onto renal cells and ECM invasion. Comparing among four individual domains, N and C domains exhibited the strongest promoting effects, whereas LR domain had the weakest promoting effects on COM crystals. In summary, our findings indicate that FL-HSP90 and its four domains (N, LR, M and C) promote COM crystallization, crystal growth, aggregation, adhesion onto renal cells and invasion through the ECM, all of which are the important physical and biological pathogenic processes of kidney stone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunisa Yoodee
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 6th Floor-SiMR Building, 2 Wanglang Road, Bangkoknoi, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Paleerath Peerapen
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 6th Floor-SiMR Building, 2 Wanglang Road, Bangkoknoi, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Sirikanya Plumworasawat
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 6th Floor-SiMR Building, 2 Wanglang Road, Bangkoknoi, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Visith Thongboonkerd
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 6th Floor-SiMR Building, 2 Wanglang Road, Bangkoknoi, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand.
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12
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Insights into the cytoprotective potential of Bergenia ligulata against oxalate-induced oxidative stress and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) via TGFβ1/p38MAPK pathway in human renal epithelial cells. Urolithiasis 2022; 50:259-278. [PMID: 35174397 DOI: 10.1007/s00240-022-01315-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Oxalate exposure to human renal epithelial cells triggers a vicious cycle of oxidative stress leading to cellular injury and deposition of calcium oxalate crystals on the injured cells. This results in further oxidative damage causing inflammation and loss of cell-cell adhesion factors, ultimately leading to irreparable kidney damage. However, these events can be attenuated or prevented by plants rich in antioxidants used in the traditional system of medicine for treatment of kidney stones. To delineate the mechanism by which Bergenia ligulata extract exerts its cytoprotective role in oxalate-induced injury we designed this study. Our results revealed that oxalate-injured HK2 cells cotreated with ethanolic extract of Bergenia ligulata displayed increased viability, reduced oxidative stress due to lowered production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and decreased apoptosis. We also observed lowered markers of inflammation, along with increased expression of epithelial marker E-cadherin and decreased expression of mesenchymal markers Vimentin, F-actin, Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) and EMT-related proteins in renal tubular epithelial cells through immunocytochemistry, real-time PCR and western blotting. Our findings collectively suggest that by reducing oxidative stress, modulating crystal structure and preventing crystal-cell adhesion, B. ligulata inhibits the EMT pathway by downregulating the various mediators and thereby exerts its cytoprotective effect.
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13
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Li S, Macaringue EGJ, Zhou D, Shi P, Tang W, Gong J. Discovering inhibitor molecules for pathological crystallization of CaOx kidney stones from natural extracts of medical herbs. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 284:114733. [PMID: 34644589 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Kidney stones is one of the common diseases of the urinary system. The primary cause of kidney stone formation is the thermodynamic supersaturation of lithogenic solutes in urine, which desaturates by nucleation, crystal growth and aggregation of minerals and salts, mainly Calcium oxalate (CaOx). One of the potential therapies is to develop drug molecules to inhibit or prevent CaOx crystallization in urine. Traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) provided an efficient approach for the treatment of kidney stones with a specialized-designed recipe of medicinal herbs. But the action details of these herbs were poorly understood due to their complex components, and whether the effective constituents of herbs have an inhibitory effect on the process of stone formation has not been evaluated. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aims to develop and identify inhibitor substitutes from a library of kidney stone prescriptions in traditional Chinese medicines to prevent pathological kidney stone formation. MATERIALS AND METHODS As many as twenty Chinese medicines were extracted and separated into five different polar extracts, the inhibition performance of which on CaOx crystallization was explored by recording and comparing crystallization kinetics. The potential inhibitor molecules in the inhibitory extracts were confirmed by HPLC and their retardation efficacy was evaluated by quantifying nucleation and growth kinetics using colorimetry. Then the inhibitor-COM crystal interactions and specificity were examined by morphology evolution and surface structure analysis. In vitro inhibition performance of inhibitors on crystal growth and attachment of CaOx crystals to human renal epithelial cells were further evaluated by recording the nucleation and adhesive crystal numbers. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Water- and n-butanol- soluble extracts from 20 kinds of herbs show almost 100% inhibition percentage, and the n-butanol extracts was found better than commercial drug citrate. Twenty-one molecule substitutes were identified from these extracts, and among them polyphenols display the best inhibition efficacy to retard CaOx crystallization. The high-throughput colorimetric assay and morphology examinations reveals thirteen out of 21 molecules show inhibition potential and disrupt growth of CaOx monohydrate crystals by interacting with exposed Ca2+ and C2O42- on the (100) and (010) surfaces. Moreover, these inhibitors also display pronounced performance in protecting renal epithelial cells by inhibiting nucleation and adhesion of CaOx crystals to cells, thus reducing stone formation. The structure-performance correlation among 19 screened molecules that inhibitors having pKa<3.5, logD (pH = 6) <0, H-number>0.1 mmol are the best in suppressing CaOx crystallization. Our findings provide a novel solution to design and manufacture inhibitor drugs from Chinese medicines for preventing pathological kidney stones formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, The Co-Innovation Center of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Tianjin, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
| | - Estevao G J Macaringue
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, The Co-Innovation Center of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Tianjin, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
| | - Donghui Zhou
- School of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Peng Shi
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, The Co-Innovation Center of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Tianjin, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
| | - Weiwei Tang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, The Co-Innovation Center of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Tianjin, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China.
| | - Junbo Gong
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, The Co-Innovation Center of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Tianjin, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China.
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14
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Hameed BMZ, Shah M, Naik N, Rai BP, Karimi H, Rice P, Kronenberg P, Somani B. The Ascent of Artificial Intelligence in Endourology: a Systematic Review Over the Last 2 Decades. Curr Urol Rep 2021; 22:53. [PMID: 34626246 PMCID: PMC8502128 DOI: 10.1007/s11934-021-01069-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of Review To highlight and review the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in kidney stone disease (KSD) for diagnostics, predicting procedural outcomes, stone passage, and recurrence rates. The systematic review was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) checklist. Recent Findings This review discusses the newer advancements in AI-driven management strategies, which holds great promise to provide an essential step for personalized patient care and improved decision making. AI has been used in all areas of KSD including diagnosis, for predicting treatment suitability and success, basic science, quality of life (QOL), and recurrence of stone disease. However, it is still a research-based tool and is not used universally in clinical practice. This could be due to a lack of data infrastructure needed to train the algorithms, wider applicability in all groups of patients, complexity of its use and cost involved with it. Summary The constantly evolving literature and future research should focus more on QOL and the cost of KSD treatment and develop evidence-based AI algorithms that can be used universally, to guide urologists in the management of stone disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M Zeeshan Hameed
- Department of Urology, Kasturba Medical College Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.,iTRUE: International Training and Research, Uro-Oncology and Endourology, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Milap Shah
- Department of Urology, Kasturba Medical College Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.,iTRUE: International Training and Research, Uro-Oncology and Endourology, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Nithesh Naik
- iTRUE: International Training and Research, Uro-Oncology and Endourology, Manipal, Karnataka, India. .,Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.
| | - Bhavan Prasad Rai
- iTRUE: International Training and Research, Uro-Oncology and Endourology, Manipal, Karnataka, India.,Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Hadis Karimi
- Department of Pharmacy, Manipal College of Pharmaceuticals, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Patrick Rice
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Trust, Southampton, UK
| | | | - Bhaskar Somani
- Department of Urology, Kasturba Medical College Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.,iTRUE: International Training and Research, Uro-Oncology and Endourology, Manipal, Karnataka, India.,Department of Urology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Trust, Southampton, UK
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15
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Belostotsky R, Frishberg Y. Novel therapeutic approaches for the primary hyperoxalurias. Pediatr Nephrol 2021; 36:2593-2606. [PMID: 33156410 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-020-04817-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Loss-of-function mutations in three genes, involved in the metabolic pathway of glyoxylate, result in increased oxalate production and its crystallization in the form of calcium oxalate. This leads to three forms of primary hyperoxaluria-an early-onset inherited kidney disease with wide phenotypic variability ranging from isolated kidney stone events to stage 5 chronic kidney disease in infancy. This review provides a description of metabolic processes resulting in oxalate overproduction and summarizes basic therapeutic approaches. Unfortunately, current treatment of primary hyperoxaluria does not allow the prevention of loss of kidney function or to substantially diminish other symptoms in most patients. However, latest breakthroughs in biotechnology provide new promising directions for drug development. Some of them have already progressed to the level of clinical trials; others are just at the stage of proof of concept. Here we review the most advanced technologies including those that have been harnessed as possible therapeutic modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Belostotsky
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, 12 Bait Street, 9103102, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yaacov Frishberg
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, 12 Bait Street, 9103102, Jerusalem, Israel. .,Hebrew University School of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel.
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16
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Prajapati S, Tomar B, Srivastava A, Narkhede YB, Gaikwad AN, Lahiri A, Mulay SR. 6,7-Dihydroxycoumarin ameliorates crystal-induced necroptosis during crystal nephropathies by inhibiting MLKL phosphorylation. Life Sci 2021; 271:119193. [PMID: 33577856 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Mineralization of crystalline particles and the formation of renal calculi contribute to the pathogenesis of crystal nephropathies. Several recent studies on the biology of crystal handling implicated intrarenal crystal deposition-induced necroinflammation in their pathogenesis. We hypothesized that 6,7-dihydroxycoumarin (DHC) inhibit intrarenal crystal cytotoxicity and necroinflammation, and ameliorate crystal-induced chronic kidney disease (CKD). MAIN METHODS An unbiased high content screening coupled with fluorescence microscopy was used to identify compounds that inhibit CaOx crystal cytotoxicity. The ligand-protein interactions were identified using computational models e.g. molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations. Furthermore, mice and rat models of oxalate-induced CKD were used for in-vivo studies. Renal injury, crystal deposition, and fibrosis were assessed by histology analysis. Western blots were used to quantify the protein expression. Data were expressed as boxplots and analyzed using one way ANOVA. KEY FINDINGS An unbiased high-content screening in-vitro identified 6,7-DHC as a promising candidate. Further, 6,7-DHC protected human and mouse cells from calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystal-induced necroptosis in-vitro as well as mice and rats from oxalate-induced CKD in either preventive or therapeutic manner. Computational modeling demonstrated that 6,7-DHC interact with MLKL, the key protein in the necroptosis machinery, and inhibit its phosphorylation by ATP, which was evident in both in-vitro and in-vivo analyses. SIGNIFICANCE Together, our results indicate that 6,7-DHC possesses a novel pharmacological property as a MLKL inhibitor and could serve as a lead molecule for further development of coumarin-based novel MLKL inhibitors. Furthermore, our data identify 6,7-DHC as a novel therapeutic strategy to combat crystal nephropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smita Prajapati
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Bhawna Tomar
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Anjali Srivastava
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Yogesh B Narkhede
- Department of Bioengineering, Bourn's College of Engineering, University of California, CA 92521, USA
| | - Anil N Gaikwad
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Amit Lahiri
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Shrikant R Mulay
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India.
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17
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Small Molecule-Based Enzyme Inhibitors in the Treatment of Primary Hyperoxalurias. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11020074. [PMID: 33513899 PMCID: PMC7912158 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11020074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary hyperoxalurias (PHs) are a group of inherited alterations of the hepatic glyoxylate metabolism. PHs classification based on gene mutations parallel a variety of enzymatic defects, and all involve the harmful accumulation of calcium oxalate crystals that produce systemic damage. These geographically widespread rare diseases have a deep impact in the life quality of the patients. Until recently, treatments were limited to palliative measures and kidney/liver transplants in the most severe forms. Efforts made to develop pharmacological treatments succeeded with the biotechnological agent lumasiran, a siRNA product against glycolate oxidase, which has become the first effective therapy to treat PH1. However, small molecule drugs have classically been preferred since they benefit from experience and have better pharmacological properties. The development of small molecule inhibitors designed against key enzymes of glyoxylate metabolism is on the focus of research. Enzyme inhibitors are successful and widely used in several diseases and their pharmacokinetic advantages are well known. In PHs, effective enzymatic targets have been determined and characterized for drug design and interesting inhibitory activities have been achieved both in vitro and in vivo. This review describes the most recent advances towards the development of small molecule enzyme inhibitors in the treatment of PHs, introducing the multi-target approach as a more effective and safe therapeutic option.
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18
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Zhang J, Zhang W, Putnis CV, Wang L. Modulation of the calcium oxalate dihydrate to calcium oxalate monohydrate phase transition with citrate and zinc ions. CrystEngComm 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce01336j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Higher concentrations of Ca2+ and Ox2− can form COD which then transforms to COM. Citrate forms a protective layer to inhibit COD transition; whereas Zn2+ substitutes Ca2+ sites to generate a stable COD structure that retards COM formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Christine V. Putnis
- Institut für Mineralogie, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
- School of Molecular and Life Science, Curtin University, 6845 Perth, Australia
| | - Lijun Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
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19
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Kletzmayr A, Bigler M, Montanari E, Kuro-o M, Hayashi H, Ivarsson ME, Leroux JC. Development of a Kidney Calcification Inhibitor Employing Image-Based Profiling: A Proof-of-Concept Study. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2020; 3:1339-1351. [DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.0c00153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kletzmayr
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Melina Bigler
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Elita Montanari
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Makoto Kuro-o
- Division of Anti-aging Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Hirosaka Hayashi
- Division of Anti-aging Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | | | - Jean-Christophe Leroux
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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20
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Narula S, Tandon S, Kumar D, Varshney S, Adlakha K, Sengupta S, Singh SK, Tandon C. Human kidney stone matrix proteins alleviate hyperoxaluria induced renal stress by targeting cell-crystal interactions. Life Sci 2020; 262:118498. [PMID: 32991878 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Increased levels of urinary oxalate also known as hyperoxaluria, increase the likelihood of kidney stone formation through enhanced calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystallization. The management of lithiatic renal pathology requires investigations at the initial macromolecular stages. Hence, the current study was designed to unravel the protein make-up of human kidney stones and its impact on renal cells' altered proteome, induced as the consequence of CaOx injury. CaOx kidney stones were collected from patients; stones were pooled for entire cohort, followed by protein extraction. Immunocytochemistry, RT-PCR and flow-cytometric analysis revealed the promising antilithiatic activity of kidney stone matrix proteins. The iTRAQ analysis of renal cells showed up-regulation of 12 proteins and down-regulation of 41 proteins due to CaOx insult, however, this differential expression was normalized in the presence of kidney stone matrix proteins. Protein network analysis revealed involvement of up-regulated proteins in apoptosis, calcium-binding, inflammatory and stress response pathways. Moreover, seven novel antilithiatic proteins were identified from human kidney stones' matrix: Tenascin-X-isoform2, CCDC-144A, LIM domain kinase-1, Serine/Arginine receptor matrix protein-2, mitochondrial peptide methionine sulfoxide reductase, volume-regulated anion channel subunit-LRRC8A and BMPR2. In silico analysis concluded that these proteins exert antilithiatic potential through crystal binding, thereby inhibiting the crystal-cell interaction, a pre-requisite to initiate inflammatory response. Thus, the outcomes of this study provide insights into the molecular events of CaOx induced renal toxicity and subsequent progression into nephrolithiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shifa Narula
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology (AIB), Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201301, India
| | - Simran Tandon
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201301, India
| | - Dhruv Kumar
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201301, India
| | - Swati Varshney
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, New Delhi, India
| | - Khushboo Adlakha
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, New Delhi, India
| | - Shantanu Sengupta
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, New Delhi, India
| | - Shrawan Kumar Singh
- Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Chanderdeep Tandon
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology (AIB), Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201301, India.
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21
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Kletzmayr A, Ivarsson ME, Leroux JC. Investigational Therapies for Primary Hyperoxaluria. Bioconjug Chem 2020; 31:1696-1707. [PMID: 32539351 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.0c00268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recent years have brought exciting new insights in the field of primary hyperoxaluria (PH), both on a basic research level as well as through the progress of novel therapeutics in clinical development. To date, very few supportive measures are available for patients suffering from PH, which, together with the severity of the disorder, make disease management challenging. Basic and clinical research and development efforts range from correcting the underlying gene mutations, preventing calcium oxalate crystal-induced kidney damage, to the administration of probiotics favoring the intestinal secretion of excess oxalate. In this review, current advances in the development of those strategies are presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kletzmayr
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Jean-Christophe Leroux
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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