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Liu N, Gong C, Jiang J, Yan F, Tian S. Controlling odors from sewage sludge using ultrasound coupled with Fenton oxidation. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2016; 181:124-128. [PMID: 27341372 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We examined the effects of ultrasound (U), Fenton oxidation (F), and ultrasound coupled with Fenton oxidation (U + F) pre-treatments (prior to anaerobic digestion) on the elimination of odorous compounds. The results demonstrated that U promoted odor release, while the coupled treatment and F alone decreased odor release. After 20-min treatments, the concentration of dissolved sulfide (S(2-)) under the coupled U + F treatment declined from 17.4 mg/L to 8.1 mg/L, decreasing by more than 50% and 34%, respectively, for U alone and F alone. In addition, the dissolved sulfate (SO4(2-)) concentration under couple U + F treatment significantly increased in sewage sludge from 200 mg/L to 390.6 mg/L, up 95.3% compared to U alone and 5% compared to F alone. This illustrates the oxidation process from S(2-) to SO4(2-). Throughout experimentation, SO4(2-) was odorless and stable, highlighting the mechanism of odor control. Thus, combining U and F into a single coupled treatment proved to be a better alternative pretreatment for controlling sludge odor compared to the U and F alone and can effectively decrease potential odor release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuo Liu
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Changxiu Gong
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jianguo Jiang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Key Laboratory for Solid Waste Management and Environment Safety, Ministry of Education of China, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Regional Environmental Quality, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
| | - Feng Yan
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Sicong Tian
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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2
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Fayaz M, Shariaty P, Atkinson JD, Hashisho Z, Phillips JH, Anderson JE, Nichols M. Using microwave heating to improve the desorption efficiency of high molecular weight VOC from beaded activated carbon. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:4536-4542. [PMID: 25751588 DOI: 10.1021/es505953c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Incomplete regeneration of activated carbon loaded with organic compounds results in heel build-up that reduces the useful life of the adsorbent. In this study, microwave heating was tested as a regeneration method for beaded activated carbon (BAC) loaded with n-dodecane, a high molecular weight volatile organic compound. Energy consumption and desorption efficiency for microwave-heating regeneration were compared with conductive-heating regeneration. The minimum energy needed to completely regenerate the adsorbent (100% desorption efficiency) using microwave regeneration was 6% of that needed with conductive heating regeneration, owing to more rapid heating rates and lower heat loss. Analyses of adsorbent pore size distribution and surface chemistry confirmed that neither heating method altered the physical/chemical properties of the BAC. Additionally, gas chromatography (with flame ionization detector) confirmed that neither regeneration method detectably altered the adsorbate composition during desorption. By demonstrating improvements in energy consumption and desorption efficiency and showing stable adsorbate and adsorbent properties, this paper suggests that microwave heating is an attractive method for activated carbon regeneration particularly when high-affinity VOC adsorbates are present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadreza Fayaz
- †University of Alberta, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Edmonton, AB T6G 2W2, Canada
| | - Pooya Shariaty
- †University of Alberta, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Edmonton, AB T6G 2W2, Canada
| | - John D Atkinson
- †University of Alberta, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Edmonton, AB T6G 2W2, Canada
| | - Zaher Hashisho
- †University of Alberta, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Edmonton, AB T6G 2W2, Canada
| | - John H Phillips
- ‡Environmental Quality Office, Ford Motor Company, Dearborn, Michigan 48126, United States
| | - James E Anderson
- §Research and Advanced Engineering, Ford Motor Company, Dearborn, Michigan 48121 United States
| | - Mark Nichols
- §Research and Advanced Engineering, Ford Motor Company, Dearborn, Michigan 48121 United States
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3
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Raso RA, Zeltner M, Stark WJ. Indoor Air Purification Using Activated Carbon Adsorbers: Regeneration Using Catalytic Combustion of Intermediately Stored VOC. Ind Eng Chem Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ie503851q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Renzo A. Raso
- Institute
for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry
and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, HCI
E107, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Zeltner
- Institute
for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry
and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, HCI
E107, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Wendelin J. Stark
- Institute
for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry
and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, HCI
E107, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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4
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Dalmoro A, Barba AA, d’Amore M, Lamberti G. Single-Pot Semicontinuous Bench Scale Apparatus To Produce Microparticles. Ind Eng Chem Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ie403308q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Dalmoro
- Dipartimento di Farmacia and ‡Dipartimento di
Ingegneria Industriale, Università degli Studi di Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Anna Angela Barba
- Dipartimento di Farmacia and ‡Dipartimento di
Ingegneria Industriale, Università degli Studi di Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Matteo d’Amore
- Dipartimento di Farmacia and ‡Dipartimento di
Ingegneria Industriale, Università degli Studi di Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Gaetano Lamberti
- Dipartimento di Farmacia and ‡Dipartimento di
Ingegneria Industriale, Università degli Studi di Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
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5
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Foo KY, Hameed BH. Microwave-assisted regeneration of activated carbon. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 119:234-240. [PMID: 22728787 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.05.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2012] [Revised: 05/11/2012] [Accepted: 05/11/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Microwave heating was used in the regeneration of methylene blue-loaded activated carbons produced from fibers (PFAC), empty fruit bunches (EFBAC) and shell (PSAC) of oil palm. The dye-loaded carbons were treated in a modified conventional microwave oven operated at 2450 MHz and irradiation time of 2, 3 and 5 min. The virgin properties of the origin and regenerated activated carbons were characterized by pore structural analysis and nitrogen adsorption isotherm. The surface chemistry was examined by zeta potential measurement and determination of surface acidity/basicity, while the adsorptive property was quantified using methylene blue (MB). Microwave irradiation preserved the pore structure, original active sites and adsorption capacity of the regenerated activated carbons. The carbon yield and the monolayer adsorption capacities for MB were maintained at 68.35-82.84% and 154.65-195.22 mg/g, even after five adsorption-regeneration cycles. The findings revealed the potential of microwave heating for regeneration of spent activated carbons.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Y Foo
- School of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia
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Calışkan E, Bermúdez JM, Parra JB, Menéndez JA, Mahramanlıoğlu M, Ania CO. Low temperature regeneration of activated carbons using microwaves: revising conventional wisdom. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2012; 102:134-140. [PMID: 22446139 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2011] [Revised: 01/26/2012] [Accepted: 02/03/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this work was to explore the application of microwaves for the low temperature regeneration of activated carbons saturated with a pharmaceutical compound (promethazine). Contrary to expectations, microwave-assisted regeneration did not lead to better results than those obtained under conventional electric heating. At low temperatures the regeneration was incomplete either under microwave and conventional heating, being this attributed to the insufficient input energy. At mild temperatures, a fall in the adsorption capacity upon cycling was obtained in both devices, although this was much more pronounced for the microwave. These results contrast with previous studies on the benefits of microwaves for the regeneration of carbon materials. The fall in the adsorption capacity after regeneration was due to the thermal cracking of the adsorbed molecules inside the carbon porous network, although this effect applies to both devices. When microwaves are used, along with the thermal heating of the carbon bed, a fraction of the microwave energy seemed to be directly used in the decomposition of promethazine through the excitation of the molecular bonds by microwaves (microwave-lysis). These results point out that the nature of the adsorbate and its ability to interact with microwave are key factors that control the application of microwaves for regeneration of exhausted activated carbons.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Calışkan
- Marmara University, Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, 34668 Haydarpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
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Ragaini V, Pirola C, Borrelli S, Ferrari C, Longo I. Simultaneous ultrasound and microwave new reactor: detailed description and energetic considerations. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2012; 19:872-876. [PMID: 22227552 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2011.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2011] [Revised: 12/06/2011] [Accepted: 12/10/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A new reactor in which microwaves (MW), delivered by a coaxial dipole antenna, and ultrasound (US), delivered by a metallic horn, can be simultaneously used in a liquid to perform different types of processes, widely referenced in literature, is presented in detail. Calibrations of thermal energy delivered to two liquids having very different dipolar moments (i.e. water and cyclohexane) using MW and US, both separately and simultaneously, are performed by employing the traditional calorimetric method. The main results are: (i) MW and US used simultaneously increase the thermal energy delivered to the two liquids with respect to their separate use, but differently using water or cyclohexane, and (ii) the total power absorbed by polar or non polar liquids is very different, both using MW and US.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Ragaini
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Chimica Fisica ed Elettrochimica, via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy.
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Dong Y, Täffner T, Fernández J, Niemeyer B. Off-Gas-Treatment by Application of Selective Adsorbents. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.proeng.2012.07.518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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9
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Rosenfeld H, Peper S, Täffner T, Kötke M, Fonka M, Temme H, Niemeyer B. Effektive Stofftrennung in Gas- und Flüssigphase durch selektive Adsorption. CHEM-ING-TECH 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.201000178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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10
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Yuen FK, Hameed B. Recent developments in the preparation and regeneration of activated carbons by microwaves. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2009; 149:19-27. [PMID: 19187928 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2008.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2008] [Revised: 12/18/2008] [Accepted: 12/19/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
To date, microwave energy has been widely developed and applied to almost every field of chemistry. In many cases, microwave technology has proven to remarkably reducing costs, accelerating reaction rates, improving yields and selectively activating. This paper presents a state of art review of microwave technology, its background studies, fundamental chemistry and industrial applications. With the renaissance of activated carbon, there has been a steadily growing interest in this research field. The review provides a summary on recent development in preparation and regeneration of activated carbons. The key advance of introducing microwave energy has been highlighted relative to conventional methods. Moreover, the major drawbacks, challenges with its future expectation are presented and discussed. Conclusively, microwave energy is predicted to be a potentially viable and powerful replacement for fuel technology in various areas, while its progress represents an expanding field in the area of adsorption science.
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Mahlke IT, Thiesen PH, Niemeyer B. Chemical indices and methods of multivariate statistics as a tool for odor classification. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2007; 41:2414-21. [PMID: 17438794 DOI: 10.1021/es060512z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Industrial and agricultural off-gas streams are comprised of numerous volatile compounds, many of which have substantially different odorous properties. State-of-the-art waste-gas treatment includes the characterization of these molecules and is directed at, if possible, either the avoidance of such odorants during processing or the use of existing standardized air purification techniques like bioscrubbing or afterburning, which however, often show low efficiency under ecological and economical regards. Selective odor separation from the off-gas streams could ease many of these disadvantages but is not yet widely applicable. Thus, the aim of this paper is to identify possible model substances in selective odor separation research from 155 volatile molecules mainly originating from livestock facilities, fat refineries, and cocoa and coffee production by knowledge-based methods. All compounds are examined with regard to their structure and information-content using topological and information-theoretical indices. Resulting data are fitted in an observation matrix, and similarities between the substances are computed. Principal component analysis and k-means cluster analysis are conducted showing that clustering of indices data can depict odor information correlating well to molecular composition and molecular shape. Quantitative molecule describtion along with the application of such statistical means therefore provide a good classification tool of malodorant structure properties with no thermodynamic data needed. The approximate look-alike shape of odorous compounds within the clusters suggests a fair choice of possible model molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingo T Mahlke
- Helmut-Schmidt- University / University of the Federal Armed Forces Hamburg Institute of Thermodynamics, 22043 Hamburg, Germany.
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12
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Thiesen PH, Mahlke IT, Niemeyer B. Klassifizierung von Geruchstoffen - Ein Ansatz zur wissensbasierten Auswahl von Modellsubstanzen. CHEM-ING-TECH 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.200407104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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13
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Thiesen PH, Niemeyer B. Maßgeschneiderte Adsorbentien im Anwendungsspektrum Bio-, Medizin- und Umwelttechnik. CHEM-ING-TECH 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.200500003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Cartellieri A, Thiesen PH, Niemeyer B. Development of a basic procedure to design sorption processes. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2005; 25:985-93. [PMID: 16143502 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2005.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2004] [Revised: 06/06/2005] [Accepted: 07/20/2005] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The intention of this work is to offer, within the shortest time, an appropriate sorption separation process for almost any odour problem. The development is based on the preparation and characterisation of new adsorbents, the strategy for the selection of the best adsorbent, the process engineering and the choice of a suitable regeneration procedure. In this context a new method for the characterisation of the adsorbents - the adsorption profile analysis - was developed. The classification of the adsorbents was carried out by means of a cluster analysis, which simplifies the selection of the most suitable adsorbent for a particular problem. The physical and chemical behaviour of silica-adsorbents could be tailored by silanisation of the surfaces. Methods for the determination of process engineering parameters were developed, established and used. Adsorption kinetics and isotherms were determined with a magnetic adsorption balance. In a laboratory-scale fixed bed adsorber, breakthrough curves of different support materials were investigated and compared. For the investigations of different regeneration procedures, four innovative methods were employed: microwave desorption, ultrasonic desorption, ultrasonic-water desorption and extraction with water. Of the four desorption methods examined, microwave desorption and ultrasonic-water desorption demonstrated the best results.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Cartellieri
- Helmut-Schmidt-University/University of the Federal Armed Forces Hamburg, Institute of Thermodynamics, Holstenhofweg 85, D-22043 Hamburg, Germany
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