1
|
Bravo LG, Meza J, Schiff SJ, Ahmed C, Elliot T, La Charite J, Choi K. Parental Legal System Involvement, Positive Childhood Experiences, and Suicide Risk. Pediatrics 2024; 153:e2023062566. [PMID: 38779781 PMCID: PMC11153318 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2023-062566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine whether adverse parental legal system involvement (incarceration, arrest) was associated with suicide risk, accounting for other adverse childhood experiences, and whether there was a moderating relationship between positive childhood experiences (PCEs) and parental legal system involvement in suicide risk. METHODS This cross-sectional study used 2-year follow-up data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study when children were age 11 to 12 years. Outcomes were lifetime suicidal ideation, attempts, and nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI). Exposures were parent incarceration or arrest. We used generalized linear models to estimate the relative risk of suicide outcomes from adverse parent legal involvement and whether there was an interaction between parent legal system involvement and PCE count, controlling for adverse childhood experiences and demographic factors. RESULTS Among our sample (n = 10 532;), 687 children (6.5%) reported parent incarceration and 1265 (12.0%) reported parent arrest. Suicidal ideation was the most frequent risk outcome (n = 490; 4.7%). Children whose parents had been incarcerated had a relative risk of suicidal ideation of 1.74 (95% CI: 1.32-2.31). Children whose parents had been arrested had a relative risk of suicidal ideation of 1.89 (95% CI: 1.53-2.37) and a relative risk of suicide attempt of 2.69 (95% CI: 1.7-4.25). Parental incarceration/arrest were not associated with NSSI. PCEs were associated with reduced relative risk of suicidal ideation and NSSI, though there was no significant interaction between PCEs and adverse parent legal system involvement exposures. CONCLUSIONS Parental legal system involvement may negatively affect child mental health. Strengthening PCEs in childhood may mitigate suicide-related risks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lilian G. Bravo
- National Clinician Scholars Program, Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California
| | - Jocelyn Meza
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences
| | | | - Charisse Ahmed
- National Clinician Scholars Program, Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California
| | - Thomas Elliot
- National Clinician Scholars Program, Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California
| | - Jaime La Charite
- National Clinician Scholars Program, Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Kristen Choi
- School of Nursing
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jewett PI, Taliaferro LA, Borowsky IW, Mathiason MA, Areba EM. Structural adverse childhood experiences associated with suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, and repetitive nonsuicidal self-injury among racially and ethnically minoritized youth. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2024. [PMID: 38651757 DOI: 10.1111/sltb.13084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION High rates of suicidal ideation (SI), suicide attempts (SA), and repetitive nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) among some ethnoracially minoritized United States youth populations may be related to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) with structural roots. METHODS Using the 2013-2019 Minnesota Student Surveys, we assessed associations of student-reported structural ACEs (parental incarceration, housing instability, food insecurity, and foster care involvement) with SI, SA, and repetitive NSSI within the past 12 months using multilevel logistic regression stratified by ethnoracial group (American Indian/Alaskan Native [AIAN], Hmong, other Asian, Black Latino, other Latino, Somali, other Black/African American [AA], Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander [NHPI], and multiracial), and adjusted for sex, grade, ACEs experienced within one's household, mental health treatment, and perceived safety. RESULTS Structural ACEs were strongly associated with increasing SI, SA, and NSSI. At ≥2 structural ACEs, repetitive NSSI rates ranged from 7% to 29% (female), 8% to 20% (male); SA rates ranged from 13% to 35% (female), 10% to 22% (male); and SI rates ranged from 31% to 50% (female), 20% to 32% (male). Black Latino, NHPI, AIAN, and Black/AA students most often reported structural ACE exposures. CONCLUSION Reducing structural ACEs may reduce SI, SA, and repetitive NSSI among ethnoracially minoritized youth populations. Disaggregating diverse youth groups revealed variations in these outcomes that remain hidden when subpopulations are aggregated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia I Jewett
- Division of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Health, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Lindsay A Taliaferro
- Department of Population Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Iris W Borowsky
- Division of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Health, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Eunice M Areba
- School of Nursing, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rahman T, Rogers CJ, Albers LD, Forster M, Unger JB. Adverse Childhood Experiences, Acculturation, and Risky Sexual Behaviors in Hispanic Young Adults: Findings from Project RED. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2024; 61:105-118. [PMID: 36877805 PMCID: PMC10480355 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2023.2184762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
While adverse childhood experiences (ACE) are well-documented predictors of maladaptive behaviors in adulthood, including risky sexual behaviors (RSB), the influence of acculturation in this association remains unknown. Although Hispanics are a rapidly growing population in the United States and are disproportionately affected by adverse sexual health outcomes, there is a paucity of research examining the interplay of ACE, acculturation, and RSB in this population. We observed the ACE-RSB association and how this relationship varies across U.S. and Hispanic acculturation levels, in a sample of Hispanic young adults (n = 715). Data for this study were from Project RED, a longitudinal study of Hispanic health. We ran regression models to test associations between ACE (0, 1-3, 4+) and several RSB (e.g., early sexual initiation (≤14 years), condomless sex, lifetime sexual partners, and alcohol/drug use before intercourse), and assessed moderation by U.S./Hispanic acculturation. Compared with those without ACE, individuals with 4 + ACE had higher odds of early sexual initiation (AOR: 2.23), alcohol/drug use before last intercourse (AOR: 2.31), and condomless sex (AOR: 1.66), as well as a higher number of lifetime sexual partners (β: 0.60). For those reporting 4 + ACE, high U.S. acculturation was protective in the association between ACE and using alcohol/drugs before intercourse. Future research implications are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tahsin Rahman
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Christopher J. Rogers
- Department of Health Sciences, California State University, Northridge, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Larisa D. Albers
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Myriam Forster
- Department of Health Sciences, California State University, Northridge, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Jennifer B. Unger
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Song X, Zou S, Li Y, Chen L, Feng P, Xu P, Zhang H, Deng F, Xu H, Tao Y, Jin M, Ran M, Zhang H, Ma F, Wang Y, Yin L. Correlation between negative life events and suicide attempts among Yi adolescents with HIV/AIDS in Liangshan Prefecture. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1600. [PMID: 37608310 PMCID: PMC10463523 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16377-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the incidence of suicide attempts among adolescents with HIV/AIDS in Liangshan Prefecture, Sichuan Province, as well as the correlation between negative life events, sleep, exercise, drug therapy and suicide attempts. METHODS A total of 180 Yi adolescents aged 11-19 years with HIV/AIDS in a county of Liangshan Prefecture, Sichuan Province, China, were investigated by census. The main outcome indicators included the incidence of suicide attempts and whether negative life events, sleep, exercise, drug therapy and other factors were related to suicide attempts. RESULTS We found that the incidence rate of suicide attempts among Yi adolescents with HIV/AIDS in Liangshan Prefecture was 13.9%. Negative life events were a risk factor for suicide attempts (OR = 1.047, p < 0.001, 95% CI 1.027-1.067). In the factors of negative life events, adaptation was a risk factor for suicide attempts (OR = 1.203, p = 0.026, 95% CI 1.022-1.416), and academic pressure showed a tendency to be a risk factor for suicide attempts (OR = 1.149, p = 0.077, 95% CI 0.985-1.339). However, the punishment factor, interpersonal stress factor and loss factor had no significant correlation with suicide attempts. There was no significant correlation between sleep, exercise, drug therapy and suicide attempts. CONCLUSION The proportion of suicide attempts among Yi adolescents with HIV/AIDS in Liangshan Prefecture is high and should be considered. Negative life events are independent risk factors for suicide attempts, and it is necessary to strengthen the screening and early intervention for suicide attempts in HIV/AIDS adolescents with definite negative life events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhen Song
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shoukang Zou
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- The Fourth People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Yangling Li
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liyu Chen
- Center for Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Feng
- Center for Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Peiwei Xu
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hang Zhang
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fang Deng
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- The Fourth People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Hanmei Xu
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuanmei Tao
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Meijiang Jin
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Maojia Ran
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fanghua Ma
- Antiviral Treatment Center, Zhao jue County People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Center for Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Li Yin
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lund JJ, Tomsich E, Schleimer JP, Pear VA. Changes in suicide in California from 2017 to 2021: a population-based study. Inj Epidemiol 2023; 10:19. [PMID: 36973826 PMCID: PMC10041498 DOI: 10.1186/s40621-023-00429-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide is a major public health problem with immediate and long-term effects on individuals, families, and communities. In 2020 and 2021, stressors wrought by the COVID-19 pandemic, stay-at-home mandates, economic turmoil, social unrest, and growing inequality likely modified risk for self-harm. The coinciding surge in firearm purchasing may have increased risk for firearm suicide. In this study, we examined changes in counts and rates of suicide in California across sociodemographic groups during the first two years of the COVID-19 pandemic relative to prior years. METHODS We used California-wide death data to summarize suicide and firearm suicide across race/ethnicity, age, education, gender, and urbanicity. We compared case counts and rates in 2020 and 2021 with 2017-2019 averages. RESULTS Suicide decreased overall in 2020 (4123 deaths; 10.5 per 100,000) and 2021 (4104; 10.4 per 100,000), compared to pre-pandemic (4484; 11.4 per 100,000). The decrease in counts was driven largely by males, white, and middle-aged Californians. Conversely, Black Californians and young people (age 10 to 19) experienced increased burden and rates of suicide. Firearm suicide also decreased following the onset of the pandemic, but relatively less than overall suicide; as a result, the proportion of suicides that involved a firearm increased (from 36.1% pre-pandemic to 37.6% in 2020 and 38.1% in 2021). Females, people aged 20 to 29, and Black Californians had the largest increase in the likelihood of using a firearm in suicide following the onset of the pandemic. The proportion of suicides that involved a firearm in 2020 and 2021 decreased in rural areas compared to prior years, while there were modest increases in urban areas. CONCLUSIONS The COVID-19 pandemic and co-occurring stressors coincided with heterogeneous changes in risk of suicide across the California population. Marginalized racial groups and younger people experienced increased risk for suicide, particularly involving a firearm. Public health intervention and policy action are necessary to prevent fatal self-harm injuries and reduce related inequities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia J Lund
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA.
| | - Elizabeth Tomsich
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Julia P Schleimer
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Veronica A Pear
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Rogers CJ, Forster M, Sussman S, Steinberg J, Barrington-Trimis JL, Grigsby TJ, Unger JB. The Impact of Childhood Trauma on Problematic Alcohol and Drug Use Trajectories and the Moderating Role of Social Support. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2829. [PMID: 36833526 PMCID: PMC9957226 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20042829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Adverse childhood experiences (ACE) have a strong association with alcohol and drug use; however, more research is needed to identify protective factors for this association. The present study assesses the longitudinal impact of ACE on problematic alcohol and drug use and the potential moderating effect of perceived social support. Data (n = 1404) are from a sample of Hispanic youth surveyed in high school through young adulthood. Linear growth curve models assessed the effect of ACE and perceived social support over time on problematic alcohol and drug use. Results indicated youth with ACE (vs. those without ACE) report more problematic alcohol and drug use in adolescence and have increased rates into young adulthood. Additionally, findings suggest that social support in high school may moderate the effects of ACE on problematic use over time. Among youth with high levels of support, the association of ACE with problematic alcohol and drug use was diminished. Although ACE can have a persistent impact on problematic alcohol and drug use from adolescence into adulthood, high social support during adolescence may mitigate the negative effects of ACE, lowering early problematic alcohol and drug use, offering the potential for lasting benefits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J. Rogers
- Department of Health Sciences, California State University, Northridge, CA 91330, USA
| | - Myriam Forster
- Department of Health Sciences, California State University, Northridge, CA 91330, USA
| | - Steven Sussman
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90007, USA
| | - Jane Steinberg
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90007, USA
| | - Jessica L. Barrington-Trimis
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90007, USA
| | - Timothy J. Grigsby
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
| | - Jennifer B. Unger
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90007, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lund JJ, Tomsich E, Schleimer JP, Pear VA. Changes in self-harm and suicide in California from 2017-2021: a population-based study. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2395128. [PMID: 36711840 PMCID: PMC9882613 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2395128/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Background : Self-harm and suicide are major public health problems with immediate and long-term effects on individuals, families, and communities. In 2020 and 2021, stressors wrought by the COVID-19 pandemic, stay-at-home mandates, economic turmoil, social unrest, and growing inequality likely modified risk for self-harm. The coinciding surge in firearm purchasing may have increased risk for firearm suicide. In this study, we examined changes in counts and rates of fatal and nonfatal intentional self-harm in California across sociodemographic groups during the first two years of the COVID-19 pandemic relative to prior years. Methods: We used California-wide death data and University of California (UC)-wide hospital data to summarize fatal and nonfatal instances of intentional self-harm across race/ethnicity, age, education, gender, region, and method of harm. We compared case counts and rates in 2020 and 2021 with 2017-2019 averages. Results : Suicide decreased overall in 2020 (4123 deaths; 10.5 per 100,000) and 2021 (4104; 10.4 per 100,000), compared to pre-pandemic (4484; 11.4 per 100,000). The decrease in counts was driven largely by males, white, and middle-aged Californians. Conversely, Black Californians and young people (age 10-19) experienced increased burden and rates of suicide. Firearm suicide also decreased following the onset of the pandemic, but relatively less than overall suicide; as a result, the proportion of suicides that involved a firearm increased (from 36.1% pre-pandemic to 37.6% in 2020 and 38.1% in 2021). Females, people aged 20-29, and Black Californians had the largest increase in the likelihood of using a firearm in suicide following the onset of the pandemic. Counts and rates of nonfatal, intentional self-harm in UC hospitals increased in 2020 (2160; 30.7 per 100,000) and 2021 (2175; 30.9 per 100,000) compared to pre-pandemic (2083; 29.6 per 100,000), especially among young people (age 10-19), females, and Hispanic Californians. Conclusions : The COVID-19 pandemic and co-occurring stressors coincided with heterogeneous changes in risk of self-harm and suicide across the California population. Marginalized racial groups, females, and younger people experienced increased risk for self-harm, particularly involving a firearm. Public health intervention and policy action are necessary to prevent fatal and nonfatal self-harm injuries and reduce related inequities.
Collapse
|
8
|
Adverse childhood experiences and alcohol related negative consequence among college student drinkers. Addict Behav 2023; 136:107484. [PMID: 36087498 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2022.107484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Despite increasing college campus prevention efforts, and identification of effective strategies to reduce drinking, reducing alcohol related negative consequences (ARNC, e.g., regrets, blackouts, self- and other- injury, law enforcement exposure, sexual assault, and considering suicide) continues to be a challenge. While college students with a history of adverse childhood experiences (ACE) are at greater risk for alcohol misuse, research regarding the association between ACE and ARNC remains limited. METHODS Data are responses of currently drinking students on the American College Health Association-National College Health Assessment (ACHA-NCHA II) and College Student Health Survey (CSHS), administered in 2018 to students in California and Minnesota (N = 6,667). RESULTS On average, students reported one ARNC (SD = 1.30) although 13 % experienced three or more different types of ARNC in the past year. Every ACE was associated with a 19 % to 41 % increase in the IRR of ARNC. Students with 1-3 ACE experienced significantly more types of ARNC events (IRR 1.55, 95 % CI: 1.44-1.67) than students with no ACE and students with ≥ 4 ACE experienced statistically significantly more types of ARNC events (IRR 2.04, 95 % CI: 1.82-2.31) than their peers with 1-3 or no ACE. The ACE-ARNC relationship did not vary by drinking frequency or binge drinking. CONCLUSIONS The consistent ACE - ARNC relationship across drinking behaviors suggests alcohol consumption does not fully explain the association between ACE and ARNC and that early adversity heightens vulnerability for ARNC. Implications for future prevention and intervention efforts are discussed.
Collapse
|
9
|
Kuper JL, Turanovic JJ. Trauma Made in America: The Consequences of Violent Victimization for Immigrant Youth in Early Adulthood. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2022; 32:1484-1499. [PMID: 34981595 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Research finds that adolescent violent victimization results in numerous lasting negative life consequences. However, the long-term impacts of victimization are understudied among immigrant youth. Using a subsample of 952 immigrants from Waves I-III of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, regression models are specified to determine whether violent victimization in adolescence is related to negative outcomes in early adulthood (poor health, depressive symptoms, low self-esteem, suicidality, alcohol problems, drug use, property offending, and violent offending). Results indicate that victimization has no robust associations with any long-term adverse outcomes among immigrants. The findings are discussed using perspectives on immigrant resilience and highlight the need for research to further explore how immigrant youth overcome their experiences with violence.
Collapse
|
10
|
Boyas JF, McCoy LM, Woodiwiss JL, Adams JE. Applying the Stress Process Theory to Assess Correlates of Suicide Ideation-to-Action Among Persons on Parole in the United States. Community Ment Health J 2022; 59:664-679. [PMID: 36378459 PMCID: PMC9664423 DOI: 10.1007/s10597-022-01047-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
There is limited knowledge regarding precipitating factors associated with suicidality among persons on parole. Pairing the suicide ideation-to-action framework and stress process theory, the present study aimed to characterize sources of major stress (drug use, physical health, and mental health) and their associations to suicide ideation, planning, and attempt among a national sample of persons on parole. This study included a subsample of persons on parole (N = 1725) using pooled national data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (2015-2019). A series of logistic regression results indicate that various drug use, physical health, and mental health factors significantly influenced all three suicidality measures. Due to this population's unique experiences and numerous barriers following release from prison, it is essential to personalize interventions geared toward this population to meet their specific needs and address suicidality based on where they fall on this continuum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javier F Boyas
- School of Social Work and Human Services, Troy University, 211D Wright Hall, Troy, AL, 36082, USA.
| | - Leah M McCoy
- School of Social Work, The University of Georgia, 279 Williams St, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Jana L Woodiwiss
- School of Social Work, The University of Georgia, 279 Williams St, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Jacqueline E Adams
- School of Social Work, The University of Georgia, 279 Williams St, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Positive Relationships with Adults and Resilience to Suicide Attempt among New Mexico Hispanic Adolescents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph181910430. [PMID: 34639736 PMCID: PMC8508296 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph181910430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Suicide is a leading cause of adolescent death and has increased in recent years. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect that relationships with adults at home and in the community had on the probability of suicide attempts of Hispanic teenagers in New Mexico. Data from the 2019 New Mexico Youth Risk and Resiliency Survey were analyzed to identify the ways in which relationships with adults influenced suicide attempts among Hispanic adolescent students. The examined factors included: relationships with adults in the home and in the community and with same-age friends, and participation in hobbies or organizations outside of school. The resiliency factors were similar for male and female Hispanic students. As positive relationships with adults at home or in the community increased, the probability of suicide attempts decreased by 37–54%. Positive relationships with same-age friends were also associated with reduced suicide attempts. Community organization involvement and hobbies affected males and females differently. Adults at home and in the community can decrease the risk of suicide for Hispanic teenagers through supportive relationships. Hybrid programs focusing on adolescent health, positive communication, and academic support, which integrate adults from home and community environments, show promise in reducing suicidal thoughts and other risk behaviors.
Collapse
|
12
|
Forster M, Rogers CJ, Sussman S, Watts J, Rahman T, Yu S, Benjamin SM. Can Adverse Childhood Experiences Heighten Risk for Problematic Internet and Smartphone Use? Findings from a College Sample. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18115978. [PMID: 34199554 PMCID: PMC8199656 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18115978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background: College students are among the heaviest users of smartphones and the Internet, and there is growing concern regarding problematic Internet (PIU) and smartphone use (PSU). A subset of adverse childhood experiences, household dysfunction [(HHD) e.g.; parental substance use, mental illness, incarceration, suicide, intimate partner violence, separation/divorce, homelessness], are robust predictors of behavioral disorders; however, few studies have investigated the link between HHD and PIU and PSU and potential protective factors, such as social support, among students. Methods: Data are from a diverse California student sample (N = 1027). The Smartphone Addiction Scale—Short Version and Internet Addiction Test assessed dimensions of addiction. Regression models tested associations between students’ level of HHD (No HHD, 1–3 HHD, ≥4 HHD) and PSU and PIU, and the role of extrafamilial social support in these relationships, adjusting for age, gender, ethnicity, SES, employment loss due to COVID-19, and depression. Results: Compared to students reporting no HHD, students with ≥4 HHD had twice the odds (AOR: 2.03, 95% CI: 1.21–3.40) of meeting criteria for PSU, while students with 1–3 HHD and ≥4 HHD had three and six times the odds of moderate to severe PIU (AORs: 2.03–2.46, CI:1.21–3.96) after adjusting for covariates. Extrafamilial social support was inversely associated with PIU and moderated the HHD–PSU association for students with 1–3 HHD. Conclusion: Students exposed to HHD may be especially vulnerable to developing behavioral addictions such as PSU and PIU. Extrafamilial social support offset the negative effects of HHD for PSU among the moderate risk group; implications for prevention efforts are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Forster
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Health and Human Development, California State University, Northridge, Los Angeles, CA 91330, USA; (J.W.); (S.M.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Christopher J. Rogers
- Institute for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Research/Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA; (C.J.R.); (S.S.); (T.R.); (S.Y.)
| | - Steven Sussman
- Institute for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Research/Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA; (C.J.R.); (S.S.); (T.R.); (S.Y.)
| | - Jonathan Watts
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Health and Human Development, California State University, Northridge, Los Angeles, CA 91330, USA; (J.W.); (S.M.B.)
| | - Tahsin Rahman
- Institute for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Research/Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA; (C.J.R.); (S.S.); (T.R.); (S.Y.)
| | - Sheila Yu
- Institute for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Research/Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA; (C.J.R.); (S.S.); (T.R.); (S.Y.)
| | - Stephanie M. Benjamin
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Health and Human Development, California State University, Northridge, Los Angeles, CA 91330, USA; (J.W.); (S.M.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Forster M, Rogers C, Sussman SY, Yu S, Rahman T, Zeledon H, Benjamin SM. Adverse childhood experiences and problematic smartphone use among college students: Findings from a pilot study. Addict Behav 2021; 117:106869. [PMID: 33609812 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.106869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There has been a tremendous increase in the use of smartphones among college students and alongside the benefits there is growing concern over problematic/addictive smartphone use (PSU). Among the most robust predictors of behavioral and substance use disorders are a subset of adverse childhood experiences conceptualized as household dysfunction (HHD). Despite the high prevalence of HHD and risk of PSU among college students, research investigating the link between HHD and PSU among college populations is sparse, especially in the United States. METHODS Students (N = 351) from a diverse, southern California university responded to an online survey. Regression models assessed the association between HHD (e.g., parent alcohol and drug use, mental health, incarceration, suicide, intimate partner violence, separation/divorce, and homelessness; categorized into 0, 1-3, and 4 or more) and PSU using Smartphone Addiction Scale short version (SAS-SV) scale, adjusted for covariates. RESULTS Over 50% of students reported at least one type of household dysfunction and about 25% were at high risk for PSU. Compared to students who report no household stressors, students with 1-3 had twice the odds (AOR: 2.11, 95% CI: 1.13-3.83) and students with 4 or more had four times the odds (AOR: 4.01, 95% CI: 2.35-6.82) of PSU, after adjusting for covariates. There were no sex differences in this association. CONCLUSION Findings suggest that household dysfunction can increase the likelihood of developing behavioral disorders such as PSU. Implications for prevention efforts are discussed.
Collapse
|
14
|
Adverse Childhood Experiences and Health Indicators in a Young Adult, College Student Sample: Differences by Gender. Int J Behav Med 2020; 27:660-667. [DOI: 10.1007/s12529-020-09913-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
|