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Sapre AA, Novitskaya E, Vakharia V, Cota A, Wrasidlo W, Hanrahan SM, Derenzo S, Makale MT, Graeve OA. Optimized Scintillator YAG:Pr Nanoparticles for X-ray Inducible Photodynamic Therapy. MATERIALS LETTERS 2018; 228:49-52. [PMID: 30505045 PMCID: PMC6258075 DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2018.05.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We describe a sol-gel synthetic method for the production of praseodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) nanoparticles suitable for X-ray inducible photodynamic therapy (X-PDT). Our sol-gel based approach was optimized by varying temperature and time of calcination, resulting in nanoparticles that were smooth, spherical, and 50-200 nm in crystallite size. The powders were uniformly coated with a thin (10 nm) layer of silica to facilitate surface conjugation with functional moieties. Measurements of photon flux revealed that coated and uncoated powders emitted a similar photon emission spectrum in response to 50 keVp X-rays. We also determined that the presence of silica did not significantly reduce flux and the emission peak had a maximum at approximately 320 nm. Thus, these YAG:Pr powders are suitable candidates for future in vivo X-PDT studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay A. Sapre
- University of California, San Diego, Department of Bioengineering, 9500 Gilman Drive – MC 0412, La Jolla, CA 92093-0412, USA
| | - Ekaterina Novitskaya
- University of California, San Diego, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, 9500 Gilman Drive – MC 0411, La Jolla, CA 92093-0411, USA
| | - Ved Vakharia
- University of California, San Diego, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, 9500 Gilman Drive – MC 0411, La Jolla, CA 92093-0411, USA
| | - Alejandro Cota
- University of California, San Diego, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, 9500 Gilman Drive – MC 0411, La Jolla, CA 92093-0411, USA
| | - Wolfgang Wrasidlo
- University of California, San Diego, Department of Neurosciences, 9500 Gilman Drive – MC 0662, La Jolla, CA 92093-0662, USA
| | - Stephen M. Hanrahan
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Cellular and Tissue Imaging Department, 1 Cyclotron Road, M/S 55-121, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Stephen Derenzo
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Cellular and Tissue Imaging Department, 1 Cyclotron Road, M/S 55-121, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Milan T. Makale
- University of California, San Diego, Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, 3855 Health Sciences Drive #0819, La Jolla, CA 92093-0819, USA
| | - Olivia A. Graeve
- University of California, San Diego, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, 9500 Gilman Drive – MC 0411, La Jolla, CA 92093-0411, USA
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Abstract
In recent years, nanoparticulate-mediated drug delivery research has examined a full spectrum of nanoparticles that can be used in diagnostic and therapeutic cancer applications. A key aspect of this technology is in the potential to specifically target the nanoparticles to diseased cells using a range of molecules, in particular antibodies. Antibody–nanoparticle conjugates have the potential to elicit effective targeting and release of therapeutic targets at the disease site, while minimizing off-target side effects caused by dosing of normal tissues. This article provides an overview of various antibody-conjugated nanoparticle strategies, focusing on the rationale of cell-surface receptors targeted and their potential clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francois Fay
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
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