1
|
Fournel J, Hermier M, Martin A, Gamondès D, Tommasino E, Broussolle T, Morgado A, Baassiri W, Cotton F, Berthezène Y, Bani-Sadr A. It Looks Like a Spinal Cord Tumor but It Is Not. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1004. [PMID: 38473365 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16051004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Differentiating neoplastic from non-neoplastic spinal cord pathologies may be challenging due to overlapping clinical and radiological features. Spinal cord tumors, which comprise only 2-4% of central nervous system tumors, are rarer than non-tumoral myelopathies of inflammatory, vascular, or infectious origins. The risk of neurological deterioration and the high rate of false negatives or misdiagnoses associated with spinal cord biopsies require a cautious approach. Facing a spinal cord lesion, prioritizing more common non-surgical myelopathies in differential diagnoses is essential. A comprehensive radiological diagnostic approach is mandatory to identify spinal cord tumor mimics. The diagnostic process involves a multi-step approach: detecting lesions primarily using MRI techniques, precise localization of lesions, assessing lesion signal intensity characteristics, and searching for potentially associated anomalies at spinal cord and cerebral MRI. This review aims to delineate the radiological diagnostic approach for spinal cord lesions that may mimic tumors and briefly highlight the primary pathologies behind these lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julien Fournel
- Department of Neuroradiology, East Group Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 59 Bd Pinel, 69500 Bron, France
| | - Marc Hermier
- Department of Neuroradiology, East Group Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 59 Bd Pinel, 69500 Bron, France
| | - Anna Martin
- Department of Neuroradiology, East Group Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 59 Bd Pinel, 69500 Bron, France
| | - Delphine Gamondès
- Department of Neuroradiology, East Group Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 59 Bd Pinel, 69500 Bron, France
| | - Emanuele Tommasino
- Department of Neuroradiology, East Group Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 59 Bd Pinel, 69500 Bron, France
| | - Théo Broussolle
- Department of Spine and Spinal Cord Neurosurgery, East Group Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 59 Bd Pinel, 69500 Bron, France
| | - Alexis Morgado
- Department of Spine and Spinal Cord Neurosurgery, East Group Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 59 Bd Pinel, 69500 Bron, France
| | - Wassim Baassiri
- Department of Spine and Spinal Cord Neurosurgery, East Group Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 59 Bd Pinel, 69500 Bron, France
| | - Francois Cotton
- CREATIS Laboratory, CNRS UMR 5220, INSERM U1294, Claude Bernard Lyon I University, 7 Avenue Jean Capelle, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
- Department of Radiology, South Lyon Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 165 Chemin du Grand Revoyet, 69495 Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Yves Berthezène
- Department of Neuroradiology, East Group Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 59 Bd Pinel, 69500 Bron, France
- CREATIS Laboratory, CNRS UMR 5220, INSERM U1294, Claude Bernard Lyon I University, 7 Avenue Jean Capelle, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Alexandre Bani-Sadr
- Department of Neuroradiology, East Group Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 59 Bd Pinel, 69500 Bron, France
- CREATIS Laboratory, CNRS UMR 5220, INSERM U1294, Claude Bernard Lyon I University, 7 Avenue Jean Capelle, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hirakawa Y, Kitao A, Watanabe M, Matsumoto S, Komaki R, Sakai R, Morimoto K, Yakushijin K, Minami H. Irreversible Intrathecal Chemotherapy-induced Myelopathy in a Patient with Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma. Intern Med 2024; 63:547-551. [PMID: 37380452 PMCID: PMC10937126 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.2031-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Intrathecal chemotherapy is often administered for prophylaxis and treatment of central nervous system involvement in hematological malignancies. However, it may rarely cause neurotoxicity as a side effect. We herein report a 74-year-old woman with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma including a spinal lesion. She received systemic and intrathecal chemotherapy. After five doses of intrathecal chemotherapy, she developed intrathecal chemotherapy-induced myelopathy. Intrathecal treatment was discontinued, and she was administered vitamin B12 and folic acid, along with steroid pulses. However, her symptoms did not improve. Intrathecal chemotherapy-induced myelopathy is rare, but may be irreversible; therefore, clinicians should be aware of this potential complication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Hirakawa
- Division of Medical Oncology/Hematology, Department of Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Akihito Kitao
- Division of Medical Oncology/Hematology, Department of Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Marika Watanabe
- Division of Medical Oncology/Hematology, Department of Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Sakuya Matsumoto
- Division of Medical Oncology/Hematology, Department of Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Ryohei Komaki
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Rina Sakai
- Division of Medical Oncology/Hematology, Department of Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Kohei Morimoto
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Kimikazu Yakushijin
- Division of Medical Oncology/Hematology, Department of Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Hironobu Minami
- Division of Medical Oncology/Hematology, Department of Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine School of Medicine, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Holroyd KB, Berkowitz AL. Metabolic and Toxic Myelopathies. Continuum (Minneap Minn) 2024; 30:199-223. [PMID: 38330479 DOI: 10.1212/con.0000000000001376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This article reviews the clinical presentation, diagnostic evaluation, and treatment of metabolic and toxic myelopathies resulting from nutritional deficiencies, environmental and dietary toxins, drugs of abuse, systemic medical illnesses, and oncologic treatments. LATEST DEVELOPMENTS Increased use of bariatric surgery for obesity has led to higher incidences of deficiencies in nutrients such as vitamin B12 and copper, which can cause subacute combined degeneration. Myelopathies secondary to dietary toxins including konzo and lathyrism are likely to become more prevalent in the setting of climate change leading to drought and flooding. Although modern advances in radiation therapy techniques have reduced the incidence of radiation myelopathy, patients with cancer are living longer due to improved treatments and may require reirradiation that can increase the risk of this condition. Immune checkpoint inhibitors are increasingly used for the treatment of cancer and are associated with a wide variety of immune-mediated neurologic syndromes including myelitis. ESSENTIAL POINTS Metabolic and toxic causes should be considered in the diagnosis of myelopathy in patients with particular clinical syndromes, risk factors, and neuroimaging findings. Some of these conditions may be reversible if identified and treated early, requiring careful history, examination, and laboratory and radiologic evaluation for prompt diagnosis.
Collapse
|
4
|
Isaac MFG, Alkhatib R, Ho CL. MRI characteristics of chemotherapy-related central neurotoxicity: a pictorial review. Insights Imaging 2024; 15:12. [PMID: 38228948 DOI: 10.1186/s13244-023-01602-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The relentless advancement of chemotherapeutic agents has enhanced survival rates among cancer patients. However, this success comes with an increased prevalence of chemotherapy-induced neurotoxicity, which often mimics the symptoms of metastatic disease or paraneoplastic syndromes and poses a diagnostic challenge for clinicians. Imaging, particularly MRI, plays a pivotal role in unraveling this conundrum.This comprehensive review explores the MRI patterns associated with central neurotoxicities induced by various chemotherapeutic agents. Our objective is to provide radiologists and clinicians with illustrative diagrams that offer a structured approach to diagnosing these conditions. By enhancing the understanding of these distinctive MRI patterns, we aim to facilitate accurate and timely diagnosis, ultimately improving patient care in the context of evolving cancer treatments.Critical relevance statementThis article describes the essential role of MRI in identifying distinct patterns of chemotherapy-induced central neurotoxicity, enabling early diagnosis and improved patient care within the field of clinical radiology.Key points• Chemotherapy-induced neurotoxicity is a growing concern for cancer patients, and MRI is a key tool in diagnosis.• This review highlights distinctive MRI patterns associated with various chemotherapy-induced neurotoxicities.• Understanding these patterns improves patient care, ensuring timely intervention and accurate diagnosis in the complex world of cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mina F G Isaac
- Department of Radiology, Heartland Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.
| | - Rugaiyah Alkhatib
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Sengkang General Hospital, Sengkang Eastway, Sengkang, 110, Singapore
| | - Chi Long Ho
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Sengkang General Hospital, Sengkang Eastway, Sengkang, 110, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Spinal Infections. Neuroimaging Clin N Am 2023; 33:167-183. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nic.2022.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
6
|
Central Nervous System Involvement in Adults with Acute Leukemia: Diagnosis, Prevention, and Management. Curr Oncol Rep 2022; 24:427-436. [PMID: 35141858 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-022-01220-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Recent treatment advances in both acute myeloid leukemia and acute lymphoblastic leukemia have drastically improved outcomes for these diseases, but central nervous system (CNS) relapses still occur. Treatment of CNS disease can be challenging due to the impermeability of the blood-brain barrier to many systemic therapies. RECENT FINDINGS The diagnosis of CNS leukemia relies on assessment of clinical symptoms, cerebrospinal fluid sampling for conventional cytology and/or flow cytometry, and neuroimaging. While treatment of CNS leukemia with systemic or intrathecal chemotherapy and/or radiation can be curative in some patients, these modalities can also lead to serious toxicities. In the modern era, prophylaxis with intrathecal chemotherapy is the most important strategy to prevent CNS relapses in high risk patients. Accurate risk stratification tools and the use of risk-adapted prophylactic therapy are imperative to improving the outcomes of patients with acute leukemias and preventing the development of CNS leukemia.
Collapse
|
7
|
Central Nervous System Prophylaxis and Treatment in Acute Leukemias. Curr Treat Options Oncol 2022; 23:1829-1844. [PMID: 36510037 PMCID: PMC9767998 DOI: 10.1007/s11864-022-01032-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT Improvements in systemic therapy in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) have improved patient outcomes and reduced the incidence of CNS relapse. However, management of patients with CNS disease remains challenging, and relapses in the CNS can be difficult to salvage. In addition to treatment with CNS-penetrant systemic therapy (high-dose methotrexate and cytarabine), intrathecal prophylaxis is indicated in all patients with ALL, however is not uniformly administered in patients with AML without high-risk features. There is a limited role for radiation treatment in CNS prophylaxis; however, radiation should be considered for consolidative treatment in patients with CNS disease, or as an option for palliation of symptoms. Re-examining the role of established treatment paradigms and investigating the role of radiation as bridging therapy in the era of cellular therapy, particularly in chemotherapy refractory patients, is warranted.
Collapse
|
8
|
Sawamura F, Natsume J, Nakata T, Muramatsu H, Takahashi Y. Dorsal myelopathy after nelarabine and intrathecal methotrexate therapy. Pediatr Int 2022; 64:e15334. [PMID: 36331221 DOI: 10.1111/ped.15334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fumi Sawamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Jun Natsume
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Developmental Disability Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Brain and Mind Research Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Nakata
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Brain and Mind Research Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hideki Muramatsu
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Takahashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
Myelopathy can present acutely or more insidiously and has a broad differential diagnosis. In addition to the clinical history and neurologic examination, diagnostic testing, including MRI and cerebrospinal fluid analysis, as well as thorough review of patient comorbidities, risk factors, and potential toxic exposures, can help neurohospitalists distinguish between various causes and potentially start appropriate empiric therapy while awaiting definitive testing. This article focuses on how imaging can help in determining the most likely cause of myelopathy and highlights a range of causes, including compressive, vascular, metabolic and toxic, infectious, autoimmune, neoplastic, and paraneoplastic causes of spinal cord dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne G Douglas
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3 West Gates Building, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Denise J Xu
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3 West Gates Building, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Maulik P Shah
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Avenue, Box 0114, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Rodrigues PGB, Lima TTD, Duarte FB, Nóbrega PR. Myelopathy associated with intrathecal methotrexate. Pract Neurol 2021; 22:141-144. [PMID: 34716225 DOI: 10.1136/practneurol-2021-003154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
A 21-year-old man developed progressive and bilateral lower limb numbness, gait impairment and urinary incontinence over 10 days. He had received intrathecal methotrexate 20 days previously for acute lymphoblastic B-cell leukaemia, following 7 months of systemic chemotherapy. MR scan of the spinal cord showed bilateral symmetric and extensive T2/fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) increased signal involving the dorsal columns in the thoracic cord. His serum folate concentration was at the lower end of the normal range. We stopped the intrathecal chemotherapy and gave folate; after a few days, he progressively improved. Myelopathy is an important adverse effect of intrathecal methotrexate, which may cause clinical and imaging features resembling subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord. CNS infiltration must be excluded, intrathecal chemotherapy stopped and deficiency of folate or vitamin B12 treated as appropriate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Talles Tavares de Lima
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Hospital Universitário Lauro Wanderley, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Fernando Barroso Duarte
- Department of Surgery, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.,Division of Cell Processing, Centro de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Paulo Ribeiro Nóbrega
- Division of Neurology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chiu YH, Yang E, Chen YC. Ascending myelopathy after intrathecal methotrexate. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2021; 37:1018-1019. [PMID: 34292665 DOI: 10.1002/kjm2.12427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hsiang Chiu
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - En Yang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Chih Chen
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Bidikian AH, Bazarbachi A, Hourani R, El-Cheikh J, Abou Dalle I. Intrathecal methotrexate induced myelopathy, rare yet serious complication: A case report and review of the literature. Curr Res Transl Med 2021; 69:103296. [PMID: 34139603 DOI: 10.1016/j.retram.2021.103296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The regular administration of intrathecal chemotherapy has significantly reduced the risk of central nervous system leukemia in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. We report the case of 28-year-old man who developed intrathecal methotrexate induced myelopathy; a rare but serious side effect of intrathecal chemotherapy. In the light of absent effective treatment strategies, description of the case, along with reviewing similar cases published in the literature will help shed a light on the possible pathophysiologic mechanisms behind this injury. To this date, there are no specific clinical, biochemical and imaging signs that would allow timely detection of intrathecal methotrexate induced myelopathy. This in turn is causing delayed treatment of this injury, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aram H Bidikian
- Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ali Bazarbachi
- Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Roula Hourani
- Department of Radiology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Jean El-Cheikh
- Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Iman Abou Dalle
- Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
Metabolic and toxic causes of myelopathy form a heterogeneous group of disorders. In this review, we discuss the causes of metabolic and toxic myelopathies with respect to clinical presentation, pathophysiology, diagnostic testing, treatment, and prognosis. This review is organized by temporal course (hyperacute, acute, subacute, and chronic) and etiology (e.g., nutritional deficiency, toxic exposure). Broadly, the myelopathies associated with dietary toxins (neurolathyrism, konzo) and decompression sickness present suddenly (hyperacute). The myelopathies associated with heroin use and electrical injury present over hours to days (acutely). Most nutritional deficiencies (cobalamin, folate, copper) and toxic substances (nitrous oxide, zinc, organophosphates, clioquinol) cause a myelopathy of subacute onset. Vitamin E deficiency and hepatic myelopathy cause a chronic myelopathy. Radiation- and intrathecal chemotherapy-induced myelopathy can cause a transient and/or a progressive syndrome. For many metabolic and toxic causes of myelopathy, clinical deficits may stabilize or improve with rapid identification and treatment. Familiarity with these disorders is therefore essential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michaël C C Slama
- Department of Neurology, St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Aaron L Berkowitz
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This article describes the clinical presentation, relevant diagnostic investigations, and treatment of metabolic and toxic myelopathies. RECENT FINDINGS Metabolic myelopathies, including those due to deficiency of vitamin B12, folate, copper, or vitamin E, are preventable and typically respond to supplementation. In metabolic myelopathy, early recognition and treatment are important to reduce morbidity, particularly due to subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord. Toxic myelopathies, including those due to medical interventions (eg, methotrexate, radiation), dietary toxins (eg, lathyrism, konzo), and drugs of abuse (eg, heroin), typically result in permanent neurologic deficits. Toxic myelopathy due to hepatic dysfunction may be reversible if patients receive early intervention, whereas nitrous oxide myelopathy responds to vitamin B12 replacement and cessation of exposure. In toxic myelopathy, it is best to avoid the provoking factor when possible or attempt to mitigate risk by identifying risk factors for developing myelopathy. SUMMARY Metabolic and toxic myelopathies are important causes of morbidity that require a high index of suspicion for diagnosis.
Collapse
|
15
|
Fricke B, Bruera E, Guo Y. Continuation of Neurogenic Bowel and Bladder Programs in a Pancytopenic Cancer Patient: A Case Report. PM R 2020; 13:922-924. [PMID: 32602590 DOI: 10.1002/pmrj.12446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian Fricke
- Department of Palliative, Rehabilitation and Integrative Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Eduardo Bruera
- Department of Palliative, Rehabilitation and Integrative Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ying Guo
- Department of Palliative, Rehabilitation and Integrative Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Castillo-Torres SA, Soto-Rincón CA, Villarreal-Montemayor HJ, Chávez-Luévanos B. Case of neuromyelitis optica: bilateral sensorineural hearing loss and transverse myelopathy following intrathecal chemotherapy. BMJ Case Rep 2020; 13:13/4/e234076. [PMID: 32300035 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2019-234076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurotoxicity from intrathecally administered chemotherapeutic drugs is frequent, particularly with some agents like methotrexate, which are more prone to developing adverse effects. Myelopathy ranks among the most frequently reported neurological entities; with the diagnosis being straightforward, after ruling out infectious, metabolic, autoimmune or paraneoplastic causes. Scarcity of cases precludes evidence-based recommendations for the management of these complications. The most common therapeutic approach consists of the suspension of chemotherapy, exclusion of infectious and neoplastic causes, with prompt administration of high-dose steroids. We report a 21-year-old patient with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, who developed acute transverse myelitis and bilateral sensorineural hearing loss, after five rounds of intrathecal methotrexate and cytarabine. Although neurotoxicity from both agents has been documented, this combination has not been previously reported.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio A Castillo-Torres
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Universitario "Dr José E. González", Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Carlos A Soto-Rincón
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Universitario "Dr José E. González", Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | | | - Beatriz Chávez-Luévanos
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Universitario "Dr José E. González", Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Rausch CR, Jabbour EJ, Kantarjian HM, Kadia TM. Optimizing the use of the hyperCVAD regimen: Clinical vignettes and practical management. Cancer 2019; 126:1152-1160. [PMID: 31794095 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.32606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin R Rausch
- Division of Pharmacy, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Elias J Jabbour
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Hagop M Kantarjian
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Tapan M Kadia
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Prognostic factors and seizure outcome in posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) in children with hematological malignancies and bone marrow failure: A retrospective monocentric study. Seizure 2019; 72:1-10. [PMID: 31521834 DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2019.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate seizure outcome in children with hematological malignancies and PRES and to identify prognostic factors that could help manage the syndrome. METHOD We retrospectively reviewed the report data of 21 patients diagnosed with hematological malignancy or aplastic anemia and PRES between 2008 and 2018. Basic demographic data, oncology treatment, presymptomatic hypertension before PRES manifestation, neurological status, seizure type, and EEG and MRI findings at PRES onset and at the one-year follow-up visit were studied. Patients who developed remote symptomatic seizures or epilepsy were identified. RESULTS We included 21 children (11 females and 10 males) in the study. Sixteen patients (76.2%) were diagnosed with ALL and the rest individually with AML, CML, T-lymphoma, Burkitt lymphoma, and severe aplastic anemia. Presymptomatic hypertension (PSH) was evaluated in 19 patients and was present in 18 (94.7%). The duration was 9 h and more in 16 patients (88.8%); the severity was grade II in 12 patients (66.7%). Seizures as the initial symptom of PRES were present in 17 patients (80.9%). Four patients (19.0%) were assessed with remote symptomatic seizures. Two of them (9.5%) had ongoing seizures at the one-year follow-up visit and were diagnosed with epilepsy. The presence of gliosis on follow-up MRI indicated worse outcome with development of epilepsy (without statistical significance). CONCLUSIONS PRES syndrome has an overall good prognosis and the evolution to epilepsy is rare. The severity and duration of PSH or seizure severity and EEG findings at PRES onsetwere not associated with worse neurological outcomes in this study.
Collapse
|
19
|
Spinal Cord Toxicity from Intrathecal Chemotherapy: A Case with Clinicopathologic Correlation. World Neurosurg 2019; 128:381-384. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2019.05.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
20
|
Madaan P, Saini L. Methotrexate myelopathy. Brain Dev 2019; 41:644-645. [PMID: 30723004 DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Madaan
- Pediatric Neurology Division, Department of Pediatrics, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Lokesh Saini
- Pediatric Neurology Division, Department of Pediatrics, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
|
22
|
Marelli C, Salsano E, Politi LS, Labauge P. Spinal cord involvement in adult-onset metabolic and genetic diseases. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2019; 90:211-218. [PMID: 30150321 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2018-318666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In adulthood, spinal cord MRI abnormalities such as T2-weighted hyperintensities and atrophy are commonly associated with a large variety of causes (inflammation, infections, neoplasms, vascular and spondylotic diseases). Occasionally, they can be due to rare metabolic or genetic diseases, in which the spinal cord involvement can be a prominent or even predominant feature, or a secondary one. This review focuses on these rare diseases and associated spinal cord abnormalities, which can provide important but over-ridden clues for the diagnosis. The review was based on a PubMed search (search terms: 'spinal cord' AND 'leukoencephalopathy' OR 'leukodystrophy'; 'spinal cord' AND 'vitamin'), further integrated according to the authors' personal experience and knowledge. The genetic and metabolic diseases of adulthood causing spinal cord signal alterations were identified and classified into four groups: (1) leukodystrophies; (2) deficiency-related metabolic diseases; (3) genetic and acquired toxic/metabolic causes; and (4) mitochondrial diseases. A number of genetic and metabolic diseases of adulthood causing spinal cord atrophy without signal alterations were also identified. Finally, a classification based on spinal MRI findings is presented, as well as indications about the diagnostic work-up and differential diagnosis. Some of these diseases are potentially treatable (especially if promptly recognised), while others are inherited as autosomal dominant trait. Therefore, a timely diagnosis is needed for a timely therapy and genetic counselling. In addition, spinal cord may be the main site of pathology in many of these diseases, suggesting a tempting role for spinal cord abnormalities as surrogate MRI biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Marelli
- Department of Neurology, Gui de Chauliac University Hospital, Montpellier, France .,Expert Center for Neurogenetic Diseases and Adult Mitochondrial and Metabolic Diseases, Gui de Chauliac University Hospital, Montpellier, France.,EA7402 Institut Universitaire de Recherche Clinique and Laboratoire de Genetique Moleculaire, Gui de Chauliac University Hospital, Montpellier, France.,MMDN, Université de Montpellier, EPHE, Inserm UMR-S1198, Montpellier, France
| | - Ettore Salsano
- Unit of Neurodegenerative and Neurometabolic Rare Diseases, RCCS Foundation 'Carlo Besta' Neurological Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Letterio S Politi
- Advanced MRI Centre, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, USA.,Neuroimaging Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pierre Labauge
- Department of Neurology, Gui de Chauliac University Hospital, Montpellier, France.,Reference Centre for Adult Leukodystrophies, Gui de Chauliac University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Pinnix CC, Yahalom J, Specht L, Dabaja BS. Radiation in Central Nervous System Leukemia: Guidelines From the International Lymphoma Radiation Oncology Group. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2018; 102:53-58. [PMID: 30102203 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2018.05.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea C Pinnix
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Joachim Yahalom
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Lena Specht
- Department of Oncology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bouthaina Shbib Dabaja
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
| |
Collapse
|