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Scott MA, Olszowy KM, Dancause KN, Roome A, Chan C, Taylor HK, Marañon-Laguna A, Montoya E, Garcia A, Mares C, Tosiro B, Tarivonda L. Challenges and opportunities in rapid disaster research: lessons from the field in New Mexico and Vanuatu. FRONTIERS IN SOCIOLOGY 2023; 8:983972. [PMID: 37152207 PMCID: PMC10157172 DOI: 10.3389/fsoc.2023.983972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Rapid research is essential to assess impacts in communities affected by disasters, particularly those communities made "hard-to-reach" due to their active marginalization across history and in contemporary practices. In this article, we describe two rapid research projects developed to assess needs for and experiences of communities hard-hit by disasters. The first is a project on the COVID-19 pandemic in southern New Mexico (USA) that was developed to provide information to local agencies that are deploying programs to rebuild and revitalize marginalized communities. The second is a project on population displacement due to a volcanic eruption in Vanuatu, a lower-middle income country in the South Pacific, with mental and physical health outcomes data shared with the Vanuatu Ministry of Health. We describe the similar and unique challenges that arose doing rapid research in these two different contexts, the potential broader impacts of the research, and a synthesis of lessons learned. We discuss the challenges of rapidly changing rules and regulations, lack of baseline data, lack of survey instruments validated for specific populations and in local languages, limited availability of community partners, finding funding for rapid deployment of projects, rapidly training and working with research assistants, health and safety concerns of researchers and participants, and communicating with local and international partners. We also specifically discuss how we addressed our own personal challenges while also conducting time-intensive rapid research. In both studies, researchers shared results with governmental and non-governmental partners who may use the data to inform the design of their own relief programs. While different in context, type of disaster, and research strategy, our discussion of these projects provides insights into common lessons learned for working with communities at elevated risk for the worst outcomes during disasters, such as the need for flexibility, compromise, and good working relationships with community partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Alice Scott
- Department of Anthropology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, United States
| | - Kathryn M. Olszowy
- Department of Anthropology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, United States
- Department of Anthropology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, United States
- Department of Criminology, Anthropology, and Sociology, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- *Correspondence: Kathryn M. Olszowy
| | - Kelsey N. Dancause
- Département des sciences de l'activité physique, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Amanda Roome
- Department of Anthropology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, United States
- Bassett Research Institute, Basset Healthcare Network, New York, NY, United States
| | - Chim Chan
- Department of Parasitology and Virology, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hailey K. Taylor
- Department of Anthropology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, United States
| | - Andrea Marañon-Laguna
- Department of Anthropology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, United States
| | - Emilee Montoya
- Department of Anthropology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, United States
| | - Alysa Garcia
- Department of Anthropology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, United States
| | - Claudia Mares
- Department of Health and Human Services, Las Cruces, NM, United States
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Olszowy KM, Roome AB, Standard E, Tarivonda L, Taleo G, Dancause KN. Relationships of Tobacco Use and Kava Consumption to Sex-Associated Variation in Body Composition and Obesity Risk in Melanesian Adults From Vanuatu. Asia Pac J Public Health 2022; 34:634-642. [DOI: 10.1177/10105395221108593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Obesity prevalence has increased in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) over the past several decades, with generally greater occurrence among adult females compared with males. Gendered variation in health behaviors, such as substance use, may play a role in how differences in obesity, body size, and composition manifest in association with sex. This study examines sex-moderated relationships of tobacco smoking and kava consumption with body composition and obesity among 301 Ni-Vanuatu (local self-identification meaning “of Vanuatu”) adults. Data collected included self-reported frequency of substance use as well as anthropometric measurements to assess body mass, composition, and obesity. Tobacco and kava use were associated with reduced measurements of body mass and adiposity in males, and kava use was associated with some elevated measurements of body mass and hip circumference in females. Kava use was also negatively associated with obesity based on waist-to-height ratio among males. These results have implications for evaluation and future research on substance control programs in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn M. Olszowy
- Department of Anthropology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, USA
| | - Amanda B. Roome
- Bassett Research Institute, Mary Imogene Bassett Hospital, Cooperstown, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | - Kelsey N. Dancause
- Département des sciences de l’activité physique, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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Health and Diet among People Living in an Isolated Area: Case Study of Pingelap Island in Pohnpei State, the Federated States of Micronesia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17217839. [PMID: 33114690 PMCID: PMC7663602 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17217839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Pingelap Island in Pohnpei state is geographically isolated as the nearest island is 70 km away, and such geographical isolation is a challenge for public health due to the limited access to health services. This study aims to reveal the health situation on the island and investigate the influence of geographical isolation on health and diet. For that purpose, the result was compared with those who are living in a community on the main island of Pohnpei state (Mand) with the same ethnic background. Face-to-face interviews were conducted to collect data on demographics, diet, and behavior. Anthropometry and blood pressure measurements were also taken. A total of 98 (Pingelap = 50; Mand = 48) subjects participated in the study. The result showed that females, in particular, had a high prevalence of obesity (80.0% in Pingelap; 75.9% in Mand). However, no significant regional difference was found in both BMI and blood pressure, regardless of gender. Regarding diet, although the geographical location impacted food availability, the consumption of major imported foods did not show a significant regional difference. In conclusion, the geographical isolation did not significantly influence health and diet, but the majority of the study population displayed a high-risk burden of non-communicable diseases.
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Savage A, Bambrick H, Gallegos D. From garden to store: local perspectives of changing food and nutrition security in a Pacific Island country. Food Secur 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12571-020-01053-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Breastfeeding Duration and the Social Learning of Infant Feeding Knowledge in Two Maya Communities. HUMAN NATURE-AN INTERDISCIPLINARY BIOSOCIAL PERSPECTIVE 2020; 31:43-67. [DOI: 10.1007/s12110-019-09358-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Using multiple correspondence analysis to identify behaviour patterns associated with overweight and obesity in Vanuatu adults. Public Health Nutr 2019; 22:1533-1544. [DOI: 10.1017/s1368980019000302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
AbstractObjectiveThe present study evaluates the use of multiple correspondence analysis (MCA), a type of exploratory factor analysis designed to reduce the dimensionality of large categorical data sets, in identifying behaviours associated with measures of overweight/obesity in Vanuatu, a rapidly modernizing Pacific Island country.DesignStarting with seventy-three true/false questions regarding a variety of behaviours, MCA identified twelve most significantly associated with modernization status and transformed the aggregate binary responses of participants to these twelve questions into a linear scale. Using this scale, individuals were separated into three modernization groups (tertiles) among which measures of body fat were compared and OR for overweight/obesity were computed.SettingVanuatu.ParticipantsNi-Vanuatu adults (n 810) aged 20–85 years.ResultsAmong individuals in the tertile characterized by positive responses to most of or all the twelve modernization questions, weight and measures of body fat and the likelihood that measures of body fat were above the US 75th percentile were significantly greater compared with individuals in the tertiles characterized by mostly or partly negative responses.ConclusionsThe study indicates that MCA can be used to identify individuals or groups at risk for overweight/obesity, based on answers to simply-put questions. MCA therefore may be useful in areas where obtaining detailed information about modernization status is constrained by time, money or manpower.
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Biocultural determinants of overweight and obesity in the context of nutrition transition in Senegal: a holistic anthropological approach. J Biosoc Sci 2018; 51:469-490. [DOI: 10.1017/s0021932018000287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
AbstractSenegal is experiencing a rising obesity epidemic, due to the nutrition transition occurring in most African countries, and driven by sedentary behaviour and high-calorie dietary intake. In addition, the anthropological local drivers of the social valorization of processed high-calorie food and large body sizes could expose the population to obesity risk. This study aimed to determine the impact of these biocultural factors on the nutritional status of Senegalese adults. A mixed methods approach was used, including qualitative and quantitative studies. Between 2011 and 2013, fourteen focus group discussions (n=84) and a cross-sectional quantitative survey (n=313 women;n=284 men) of adults in three different socio-ecological areas of Senegal (rural:n=204; suburban:n=206; urban:n=187) were conducted. Dietary intake (Dietary Diversity Scores), physical activity (International Physical Activity Questionnaire), body weight norms (Body Size Scale), weight and health statuses (anthropometric measures and blood pressure) were measured. Middle-aged and older Senegalese women were found to value overweight/obesity more than younger Senegalese in all regions. In addition, young urban/suburban adults had a tendency for daily snacking whilst urban/suburban adults tended to be less physically active and had higher anthropometric means. A binary logistic regression model showed that being female, older, living in urban/suburban areas and valuing larger body size were independently associated with being overweight/obese, but not high-calorie diet. Univariate analyses showed that lower physical activity and higher socioeconomic status were associated with being overweight/obese. Finally, overweight/obesity, which is low in men, is associated with hypertension in the total sample. The nutrition transition is currently underway in Senegal’s urban/suburban areas, with older women being more affected. Since several specific biocultural factors jointly contribute to this phenomenon, the study’s findings suggest the need for local public health interventions that target women and which account for the anthropological specificities of the Senegalese population.
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Olszowy KM, Little MA, Lee G, Pomer A, Dancause KN, Sun C, Silverman H, Chan CW, Tarivonda L, Kaneko A, Weitz C, Koji Lum J, Garruto RM. Coming to grips with economic development: Variation in adult hand grip strength during health transition in Vanuatu. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2018; 167:760-776. [PMID: 30259970 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine whether (1) maximal handgrip strength (HGS) is associated with inter-island level of economic development in Vanuatu, (2) how associations between island of residence and HGS are mediated by age, sex, body size/composition, and individual sociodeomographic variation, and (3) whether HGS is predictive of hypertension. MATERIAL AND METHODS HGS was collected from 833 adult (aged 18 and older) men and women on five islands representing a continuum of economic development in Vanuatu. HGS was measured using a handheld dynamometer. Participants were administered in an extensive sociobehavioral questionnaire and were also assessed for height, weight, percent body fat, forearm skinfold thickness, forearm circumference, and blood pressure. RESULTS HGS was significantly greater in men than in women regardless of island of residence. HGS was also significantly positively associated with inter-island level of economic development. Grip strength-to-weight ratio was not different across islands except in older individuals, where age-related decline occurred primarily on islands with greater economic development. HGS significantly declined with age in both men and women. CONCLUSION HGS is positively associated with modernization in Vanuatu, but the relationship between HGS and modernization is largely due to an association of both variables with increased body size on more modernized islands. Further research on the role of individual variation in diet and physical activity are necessary to clarify the relationship between HGS and modernization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn M Olszowy
- Department of Criminology, Anthropology, and Sociology, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Anthropology, SUNY Binghamton, Binghamton, New York.,Laboratory of Biomedical Anthropology and Neurosciences, SUNY Binghamton, Binghamton, New York
| | - Michael A Little
- Department of Anthropology, SUNY Binghamton, Binghamton, New York
| | - Gwang Lee
- Department of Anthropology, SUNY Binghamton, Binghamton, New York.,Laboratory of Evolutionary Anthropology and Health, SUNY Binghamton, Binghamton, New York
| | - Alysa Pomer
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Kelsey N Dancause
- Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Cheng Sun
- Global Health Research Center, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, Jiangsu, China
| | - Harold Silverman
- Laboratory of Biomedical Science, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, New York.,Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine at Hofstra University, Hempstead, New York
| | - Chim W Chan
- Island Malaria Group, Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Akira Kaneko
- Island Malaria Group, Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Parasitology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Osaka Prefecture, Japan.,Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan
| | - Charles Weitz
- Department of Anthropology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jeffrey Koji Lum
- Department of Anthropology, SUNY Binghamton, Binghamton, New York.,Laboratory of Evolutionary Anthropology and Health, SUNY Binghamton, Binghamton, New York
| | - Ralph M Garruto
- Department of Anthropology, SUNY Binghamton, Binghamton, New York.,Laboratory of Biomedical Anthropology and Neurosciences, SUNY Binghamton, Binghamton, New York
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Pomer A, Buffa G, Taleo F, Sizemore JH, Tokon A, Taleo G, Tarivonda L, Chan CW, Kaneko A, Dancause KN. Relationships between psychosocial distress and diet during pregnancy and infant birthweight in a lower-middle income country: ‘healthy mothers, healthy communities’ study in Vanuatu. Ann Hum Biol 2018; 45:220-228. [DOI: 10.1080/03014460.2018.1459837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alysa Pomer
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Giavana Buffa
- Ross University School of Medicine, Portsmouth, Dominica
| | | | | | - Apisai Tokon
- Ministry of Health, Port Vila, Republic of Vanuatu
| | - George Taleo
- Ministry of Health, Port Vila, Republic of Vanuatu
| | | | - Chim W. Chan
- Island Malaria Group, Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Akira Kaneko
- Island Malaria Group, Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kelsey N. Dancause
- Départment des sciences de l’activité physique, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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Corsenac P, Annesi-Maesano I, Hoy D, Roth A, Rouchon B, Capart I, Taylor R. Overweight and obesity in New Caledonian adults: Results from measured and adjusted self-reported anthropometric data. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2017; 133:193-203. [PMID: 28919382 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2017.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To estimate the overweight (OW) and obesity (Ob) prevalence and associated socio-demographic risk factors in New Caledonian adults aged 18-67years. METHODS From a randomly selected cross-sectional population survey, self-reported (n=2513) and measured (n=736) height and weight data were collected. Separate linear regression analyses for measured weight and height were performed, using cases with both self-reported weight and height and socio-demographic variables. The final weight and height assigned to each case was either measured or predicted from the regression (n=2075). OW prevalence was defined as: Body Mass Index (BMI) ≥25 and <30kg/m-2; and Ob: BMI ≥30kg/m-2. Samples were weighted to the general adult population. Prevalence and Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated by gender, and adjusted for socio-demographic variables, to assess differentials in OW, Ob and OW-Ob, using multinomial and logistic regressions. RESULTS Male (M) OW was 35% (95% CI: 31-38), Ob 29% (95% CI: 26-32) and OW-Ob 64% (95% CI: 60-67); female (F) OW was 26% (95% CI: 23-28), Ob 34% (95% CI: 31-37) and OW-Ob 60% (95% CI: 57-63). Compared to Melanesians (OR=1.0) for male/female: Polynesians had the highest prevalence of OW (1.7/1.5), Ob (4.7/3.5), and OW-Ob (3.0/2.5); New Caledonian-born Europeans had greater OW, Ob and OW-Ob (0.3/0.4) than immigrant Europeans (0.2/0.2). CONCLUSIONS Findings contribute to obesity comparisons with other Pacific Islands, and they establish trends in New Caledonia for targeting policies and strategies of prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Corsenac
- Agence sanitaire et sociale de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (ASSNC), Department of Epidemiology and/or Obesity program, 16 rue du Général Gallieni BP P4, 98851 Noumea cedex, New Caledonia; Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS)-Institut Armand-Frappier, 531 boul. des Prairies, Laval, QC, H7V 1B7, Canada.
| | | | - Damian Hoy
- Research Evidence and Information Programme, Public Health Division, Secretariat of the Pacific Community, Noumea, New Caledonia
| | - Adam Roth
- Research Evidence and Information Programme, Public Health Division, Secretariat of the Pacific Community, Noumea, New Caledonia; Public Health Agency of Sweden, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bernard Rouchon
- Agence sanitaire et sociale de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (ASSNC), Department of Epidemiology and/or Obesity program, 16 rue du Général Gallieni BP P4, 98851 Noumea cedex, New Caledonia
| | - Isabelle Capart
- Agence sanitaire et sociale de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (ASSNC), Department of Epidemiology and/or Obesity program, 16 rue du Général Gallieni BP P4, 98851 Noumea cedex, New Caledonia
| | - Richard Taylor
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine (SPHCM), Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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Olszowy KM, Sun C, Silverman H, Pomer A, Dancause KN, Chan CW, Lee G, Tarivonda L, Kaneko A, Weitz C, Koji Lum J, Garruto RM. Secular change in adult stature associated with modernization in Vanuatu. Am J Hum Biol 2017; 29. [PMID: 28409864 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether: (1) there is a secular increase in adult stature in Vanuatu, and (2) whether adult stature is positively associated with modernization in Vanuatu. METHODS This study reports on stature measurements collected on 650 adult (age > 17 years) men and women from four islands of varying economic development in Vanuatu. Measurements were collected as part of the Vanuatu Health Transitions Research Project in 2007 and 2011. RESULTS Stature increased significantly in adults born between the 1940s and 1960s in Vanuatu, before leveling off in those born between the 1970s and 1990s. Adults are significantly taller on Efate, the most modernized island in the study sample, than on the less economically developed islands. CONCLUSIONS Modernization is likely associated with improvements in child growth in Vanuatu, as assessed by gains in adult stature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn M Olszowy
- Department of Criminology, Anthropology, and Sociology, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Anthropology, SUNY Binghamton, Binghamton, New York.,Laboratory of Biomedical Anthropology and Neurosciences, SUNY Binghamton, Binghamton, New York
| | - Cheng Sun
- Global Health Research Center, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, Jiangsu, 215316, China
| | - Harold Silverman
- Department of Anthropology, SUNY Binghamton, Binghamton, New York.,Laboratory of Evolutionary Anthropology and Health, SUNY Binghamton, Binghamton, New York
| | - Alysa Pomer
- Department of Anthropology, SUNY Binghamton, Binghamton, New York.,Laboratory of Evolutionary Anthropology and Health, SUNY Binghamton, Binghamton, New York
| | - Kelsey N Dancause
- Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal, Quebec, H2X 1Y4, Canada
| | - Chim W Chan
- Island Malaria Group, Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden
| | - Gwang Lee
- Department of Anthropology, SUNY Binghamton, Binghamton, New York.,Laboratory of Evolutionary Anthropology and Health, SUNY Binghamton, Binghamton, New York
| | - Len Tarivonda
- Formerly of the Vanuatu Ministry of Health, Port Vila, Republic of Vanuatu
| | - Akira Kaneko
- Island Malaria Group, Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden.,Department of Parasitology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Osaka Prefecture, 545-0051, Japan.,Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Nagasaki Prefecture, 852-8523, Japan
| | - Charles Weitz
- Department of Anthropology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - J Koji Lum
- Department of Anthropology, SUNY Binghamton, Binghamton, New York.,Laboratory of Evolutionary Anthropology and Health, SUNY Binghamton, Binghamton, New York
| | - Ralph M Garruto
- Department of Anthropology, SUNY Binghamton, Binghamton, New York.,Laboratory of Biomedical Anthropology and Neurosciences, SUNY Binghamton, Binghamton, New York
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12
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Dixson BJW, Little AC, Dixson HGW, Brooks RC. Do prevailing environmental factors influence human preferences for facial morphology? Behav Ecol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arx067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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13
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Weitz CA, Olszowy KM, Dancause KN, Sun C, Pomer A, Silverman H, Lee G, Tarivonda L, Chan CW, Kaneko A, Lum JK, Garruto RM. Rolling Tobacco in Banana Leaves, Newspaper, or Copybook Paper Associated With Significant Reduction in Lung Function in Vanuatu. Asia Pac J Public Health 2017; 29:180-188. [DOI: 10.1177/1010539517696552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In addition to the widespread availability of packaged cigarettes, the inhabitants of island nations of the Southwest Pacific frequently smoke commercially available loose tobacco using manufactured rolling papers, as well as locally grown tobacco rolled in manufactured rolling paper or wrapped in leaves, copybook paper, and newspaper. In this study, Vanuatu men who smoked local tobacco rolled in leaves, copybook paper, or newspaper showed significantly lower forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), and FEV1/FVC ratios than men who smoked packaged cigarettes, store-bought tobacco rolled in manufactured rolling paper, or who smoked locally grown tobacco rolled in manufactured rolling papers. The addition of toxins from these unusual tobacco-wrapping media produces lung function deficits similar to the pattern noted among tobacco smokers who also inhale smoke from burning biomass. Thus, public health initiatives should consider including strategies addressing the use of wrapping media among smokers in South Pacific island societies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kathryn M. Olszowy
- Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- SUNY Binghamton, Binghamton, NY, USA
| | | | - Cheng Sun
- SUNY Binghamton, Binghamton, NY, USA
| | | | | | - G. Lee
- SUNY Binghamton, Binghamton, NY, USA
| | - Len Tarivonda
- Ministry of Health, PMB 042, Port Vila, Republic of Vanuatu
| | | | - Akira Kaneko
- Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Abeno Ward, Osaka, Japan
- Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - J. K. Lum
- SUNY Binghamton, Binghamton, NY, USA
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Sun C, Pomer A, Dancause KN, Chan CW, Olszowy KM, Silverman H, Lee G, Tarivonda L, Taleo G, Regenvanu R, Kaneko A, Weitz CA, Garruto RM, Lum JK. Ownership of consumer electronics is associated with measures of adiposity during health transition in Vanuatu. Am J Hum Biol 2016; 29. [PMID: 27743459 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.22928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Republic of Vanuatu, like many developing nations, is undergoing a rapid health transition. Our previous study identified several behavioral risk factors for the rising prevalence of obesity. Unexpectedly, daily time spent using television and radio was revealed as a protective factor for obesity in 2007. In this study, we sought to explore associations between ownership of consumer electronics (CE) and measures of adiposity in Vanuatu in 2011. METHODS We surveyed 873 adults from five islands varying in level of economic development. Height, weight, and waist circumferences; triceps, subscapular, and suprailiac skinfolds; and percent body fat by bioelectrical impedance were measured. Ownership of eight types of CE, diet through 24-h dietary recall and leisure-time activity patterns were assessed using a questionnaire. RESULTS Participants from more developed islands owned more types of CE, and revealed higher measures of adiposity on average as well as higher prevalence of obesity/central obesity. When controlling for demographic factors, and dietary and activity patterns, increased measures of adiposity and risk for obesity/central obesity were associated with ownership of cellphones, music players, televisions, video players, microwaves, and/or refrigerators. Positive correlations between CE ownership and measures of adiposity were mainly observed among men on the two most developed islands. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study indicate a possible role of CE use in the rising prevalence of obesity and the shift to a sedentary lifestyle in Vanuatu and many other modernizing regions, where prevention efforts including education on healthy use of CE are imperative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Sun
- Global Health Research Center, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, Jiangsu, China
| | - Alysa Pomer
- Department of Anthropology, SUNY Binghamton, Binghamton, New York.,Laboratory of Evolutionary Anthropology and Health, SUNY Binghamton, Binghamton, New York.,Laboratory of Biomedical Anthropology and Neurosciences, SUNY Binghamton, Binghamton, New York
| | - Kelsey N Dancause
- Département des sciences de l'activité physique, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montreal, Canada
| | - Chim W Chan
- Island Malaria Group, Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kathryn M Olszowy
- Department of Criminology, Anthropology, and Sociology, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Harold Silverman
- Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine at Hofstra University, Hempstead, New York
| | - Gwang Lee
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Anthropology and Health, SUNY Binghamton, Binghamton, New York
| | | | - George Taleo
- Ministry of Health, Port Vila, Republic of Vanuatu
| | - Ralph Regenvanu
- Ministry of Justice and Social Affairs, Port Vila, Republic of Vanuatu
| | - Akira Kaneko
- Island Malaria Group, Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Parasitology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Charles A Weitz
- Department of Anthropology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ralph M Garruto
- Department of Anthropology, SUNY Binghamton, Binghamton, New York.,Laboratory of Biomedical Anthropology and Neurosciences, SUNY Binghamton, Binghamton, New York.,Department of Biological Sciences, SUNY Binghamton, Binghamton, New York
| | - J Koji Lum
- Department of Anthropology, SUNY Binghamton, Binghamton, New York.,Laboratory of Evolutionary Anthropology and Health, SUNY Binghamton, Binghamton, New York.,Department of Biological Sciences, SUNY Binghamton, Binghamton, New York
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15
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Overweight and Obesity and Associated Factors among School-Aged Adolescents in Six Pacific Island Countries in Oceania. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2015; 12:14505-18. [PMID: 26580638 PMCID: PMC4661663 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph121114505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess overweight and obesity and associated factors in school-going adolescents in six Pacific Island countries in Oceania. The sample included 10,424 school-going adolescents predominantly 13–16 years old from Fiji, Kiribati, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, and Vanuatu. Bivariate and multivariable analyses were conducted to assess the relationship between dietary behaviour, substance use, physical activity, psychosocial factors, social-familial influences, and overweight or obesity. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was determined based on self-reported height and weight and the international child body mass index standards. Results indicate a prevalence of overweight or obesity of 24.3% and obesity of 6.1% in the six countries, ranging in terms of overweight or obesity and obesity from 12.0% and 0.4% in Vanuatu to 58.7% and 21.1% in Tonga, respectively. In multivariable regression analysis, being female was associated with overweight, carbonated soft drink use with obesity, sedentary behaviour with overweight or obesity, suicidal ideation with overweight, having close friends and peer support with overweight and obesity, parental or guardian supervision with overweight, and parental or guardian bonding was associated with overweight or obesity. High prevalence rates of overweight and obesity were found and several factors identified which can help guide interventions.
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