Correlations between dental wear and oral cavity characteristics: Mandibular torus, palatine torus, and oral exostoses

Computed Tomographic Analysis of Mandibular Tori and Their Relationship to Remaining Teeth

Objectives: Mandibular tori (bilateral, asymptomatic, lingual mandibular protuberances) often remain untreated. When considering surgical resection, understanding the shape, size, and position of the tori at the bone level is crucial. However, collecting accurate information regarding these characteristics is challenging in cases where the oral mucosa is prominent on the floor of the mouth. Methods: We conducted retrospective surveys at Fukuoka Dental College Medical and Dental General Hospital using computed tomographic (CT) image analysis software (Simplant Pro 18.0). The specific aims of this study were to evaluate the appearance rate of mandibular tori by morphological type, size, location, and CT values and their relationship with the remaining teeth in 1176 patients. These patients underwent simple mandibular CT tomography. We used t-tests to analyze the data. Results: Approximately 10% of the identified tori were pedunculated and difficult to diagnose through visual inspection alone. In all the age groups > 30 years, patients with mandibular tori had a lower rate of tooth loss and a higher rate of remaining occlusal support than healthy subjects. The mean CT value of the mandibular tori was >1350 Hounsfield units (HU). Conclusions: These findings provide insights into future classification and treatment planning for mandibular tori, including that in regard to mandibular ridge resection and factors that may contribute to mandibular torus development or progression, and validate the use of excised bone tissue as a bone graft material.

Analysis of palatal marginal alveolar exostosis and palatal torus using cone-beam computed tomography

The aim of the present study was to analyze palatal marginal alveolar exostosis (PMAE) and palatal torus (PT). Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) of the maxilla in multiplanar sections and volumetric renderings were used to assess this. PT and PMAE were classified according to location and morphology. Height, width, length, and thickness of the overlying mucosa were determined. The prevalence of PT and PMAE was assessed according to sex and age group. The correlation between the occurrence of PMAE and PT was also evaluated. A total of 385 CBCT scans were examined. PT was found in 38.70% of the sample and located more frequently in the middle third of the maxilla (52.35%) with a flat shape (42.95%). PMAE was found in 54.80% of the sample, bilaterally in 56.40% of the cases, and located more frequently in the molar region (62.42%) in the form of small nodules (36.97%). The mucosa covering PMAE was generally thicker than that over PT. The use of CBCT for the identification of PT and PMAE in vivo showed high frequencies of both conditions. The occurrence of PMAE was independent of the presence of PT.

Three-dimensional evaluation of a giant torus in the maxilla and mandible that affected pronunciation: a case report

Introduction and importance

Tori in the maxilla and mandible are often clinically asymptomatic, but can often lead to issues such as obstruction of denture attachment and dysarthria. The authors describe a case involving a substantial torus in the maxilla and mandible that significantly affected speech articulation.

Case presentation

A 72-year-old woman presented with a pronounced torus in the maxilla and mandible. Surgical resection of the lesion resulted in improved tongue movement. Through both pre and postoperative assessments, the authors evaluated pronunciation, generated a three-dimensional (3D) computed tomography (CT)-based image, and quantified the extent of bone removal. A 6-month follow-up demonstrated no recurrence of the condition.

Clinical discussion

Surgical intervention leads to improvements in soft palate sounds. The surgical intervention proved effective in ameliorating speech articulation difficulties, and the application of 3D-CT image construction was valuable.

Conclusion

To summarize, the authors successfully managed and treated a giant torus in the maxilla and mandible, a condition scarcely been reported in the literature. This report is the first to detail the application of 3D analysis for the evaluation a torus.

Prevalence of Oral Exostoses in Northern China During the Past Six Millennia-From a Sex and Age Perspective

This study is intended to investigate oral exostoses of 5 sample populations, spanning over 6000 years, from the same region of Northern China, to determine the significance of sex and age on the development of oral exostoses during each time period. The samples analyzed were 306 dry jaws from human skeletons, which were excavated from 4 archeological sites: Banpo (6700-5600 y BP), Shaolingyuan (3000 y BP), Shanren (2200 y BP), and Chang'an (1000-1300 y BP), as well as the modern Xi'an district. The sex and the age of the samples at death were estimated. The degree of buccal exostosis (BE), torus mandibularis (TM), and torus palatinus (TP) and the TP shape were recorded. The results showed BEs in the Banpo and Chang'an regions, TMs in the Banpo region were more often diagnosed in males than in females. Conversely, females in Shaolingyuan showed a higher prevalence and severity of TM than that in males. The occurrence of BEs in the Shanren and Xi'an regions, TMs in the Banpo, Chang'an, and Xi'an regions, as well as TPs in the Banpo region significantly increased with age at death. In conclusion, sex differences and increasing trends with age in relation to oral exostoses were found in samples from Northern China during the past six millennia.