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Kosinski P, Greczan M, Jezela-Stanek A. Diaphragmatic Hernia as a Prenatal Feature of Glycosylphosphatidylinositol Biosynthesis Defects and the Overlap With Fryns Syndrome - Literature Review. Front Genet 2021; 12:674722. [PMID: 34163527 PMCID: PMC8215573 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.674722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Fryns syndrome is an autosomal recessive multiple congenital anomaly syndrome, with diaphragmatic defects and secondary lung hypoplasia as cardinal features. Despite it was reported first in 1979, its exact etiology has not been established to date. With this review, we would like to draw attention to the prenatal presentation of multiple congenital anomalies syndromes, resulting from defects in the synthesis of glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchors, to be considered in a prenatal assessment of fetuses with DH and Fryns-like phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemyslaw Kosinski
- 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Milena Greczan
- Department of Pediatrics, Nutrition, and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Jezela-Stanek
- Department of Genetics and Clinical Immunology, National Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Warsaw, Poland
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Lin AE, Pober BR, Mullen MP, Slavotinek AM. Cardiovascular malformations in Fryns syndrome: is there a pathogenic role for neural crest cells? Am J Med Genet A 2006; 139:186-93. [PMID: 16283673 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.31023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
We performed a comprehensive literature and case report review to characterize the cardiovascular malformations (CVMs) associated with Fryns syndrome (OMIM #229850), a multiple congenital anomaly/mental retardation syndrome consisting of diaphragmatic defects, significant pulmonary hypoplasia, distinctive facial appearance, distal digital hypoplasia, and numerous other external and internal anomalies. A total of 112 patients meeting diagnostic guidelines for Fryns syndrome were identified, of whom 82 met narrowly defined criteria (Group I) and 30 met broader diagnostic criteria (Group II). Twelve patients reported as having Fryns syndrome with atypical features (Group III) were also analyzed. A CVM was reported in 51% (42 of 82) of Group I patients, most commonly an atrial or ventricular septal defect (VSD) (23 of 42, 55%). Conotruncal and aortic arch CVMs were common (11 of 42, 26%), but not significantly so compared to the general population of infants to age 1 year [Ferencz et al., 1997]. Recognizing that minor septal defects associated with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) may occur in response to altered hemodynamics (instead of being a bonafide CVM), we excluded four patients reported as having hemodynamically insignificant VSDs. Following these exclusions, conotruncal CVMs were found more commonly than in the general population (11 of 38, 29%, P < or = 0.025). In Group II, 9 of 30 (30%) had a CVM with no predominant type among the small number of cases reviewed. Among the atypical Fryns syndrome patients in Group III, half (6 of 12, 50%) had a CVM; most (4 of 6, 67%) were conotruncal, in particular, type B interrupted aortic arch (3 of 4). Patients with Fryns syndrome have a high rate of CVMs, warranting thorough cardiac evaluation including echocardiogram (fetal and/or postnatal) in all patients, similar to the evaluation for other patients with diaphragmatic hernia. The possible association between conotruncal CVMs and Fryns syndrome may provide additional support for an etiologic role of genes related to neural crest cell development in the pathogenesis of Fryns syndrome and hence, congenital diaphragmatic hernia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela E Lin
- Teratology Unit, Pediatric Service, MassGeneral Hospital for Children, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
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Kantarci S, Casavant D, Prada C, Russell M, Byrne J, Haug LW, Jennings R, Manning S, Boyd T, Fryns J, Holmes L, Donahoe P, Lee C, Kimonis V, Pober B. Findings from aCGH in patients with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH): a possible locus for Fryns syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2006; 140:17-23. [PMID: 16333846 PMCID: PMC2891730 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.31025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a common and often devastating birth defect that can occur in isolation or as part of a malformation complex. Considerable progress is being made in the identification of genetic causes of CDH. We applied array-based comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) of approximately 1Mb resolution to 29 CDH patients with prior normal karyotypes who had been recruited into our multi-site study. One patient, clinically diagnosed with Fryns syndrome, demonstrated a de novo 5Mb deletion at chromosome region 1q41-q42.12 that was confirmed by FISH. Given prior reports of CDH in association with cytogenetic abnormalities in this region, we propose that this represents a locus for Fryns syndrome, a Fryns syndrome phenocopy, or CDH.
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MESH Headings
- Abnormalities, Multiple/genetics
- Abnormalities, Multiple/pathology
- Chromosome Deletion
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1/genetics
- Cleft Palate/pathology
- Craniofacial Abnormalities/pathology
- Fatal Outcome
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease/genetics
- Genome, Human
- Hernia, Diaphragmatic/genetics
- Hernias, Diaphragmatic, Congenital
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Infant
- Infant, Newborn
- Karyotyping
- Limb Deformities, Congenital/pathology
- Nails, Malformed
- Nucleic Acid Hybridization/methods
- Syndrome
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Kantarci
- Pediatric Surgical Research Laboratories, MassGeneral Hospital for Children, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - D. Casavant
- Pediatric Surgical Research Laboratories, MassGeneral Hospital for Children, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - C. Prada
- Division of Genetics, Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - M. Russell
- Pediatric Surgical Research Laboratories, MassGeneral Hospital for Children, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - J. Byrne
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - L. Wilkins Haug
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - R. Jennings
- Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - S. Manning
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - T.K. Boyd
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - J.P. Fryns
- Department of Genetics, University Hospital of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - L.B. Holmes
- Genetics and Teratology, MassGeneral Hospital for Children, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - P.K. Donahoe
- Pediatric Surgical Research Laboratories, MassGeneral Hospital for Children, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - C. Lee
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - V. Kimonis
- Division of Genetics, Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - B.R. Pober
- Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Genetics and Teratology, MassGeneral Hospital for Children, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Correspondence to: Dr. B.R. Pober, Children's Hospital Boston, 300 Longwood Ave., Fegan 325, Boston 02115, MA. or
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