α-thalassemia/mental retardation syndrome in a 45,X male

A unique case of growth hormone and human chorionic gonadotropin treatment in a 45,X male with Y: autosome translocation and literature review

Maleness associated with a 45,X karyotype is a rare condition in childhood. It is usually diagnosed in adult age because of infertility. We report a unique case of an unbalanced translocation t(Y;21) in a 14-year-old boy with 45,X karyotype referred because of short stature, thin habitus and puberty delay. Hormone analysis showed low serum levels of basal testosterone, insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I) and gonadotrophins. Diagnosis of GH deficiency and puberty delay were made. He was treated with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and GH therapy, respectively, for 6 and 24 months.

Unique mosaic X/Y translocation/insertion in infant 45,X male

We report on a 45,X male with hydrocephaly, lobar holoprosencephaly and ichthyosis. In situ hybridization and molecular analysis have demonstrated the presence of a mosaic SRY-bearing derivative X chromosome that included Yp and heterochromatic Yq fragments.

Characterization of a de novo unbalanced Y;autosome translocation in a 45,X mentally retarded male and literature review

OBJECTIVE

To describe the molecular and cytogenetic characterization of a de novo unbalanced Y;autosome translocation in a 45,X mentally retarded male.

DESIGN

Descriptive case study and literature review.

SETTING

Tertiary medical center.

PATIENT(S)

A 17-year-old 45,X mentally retarded male with no stigmata of Turner syndrome.

INTERVENTION(S)

Molecular and cytogenetic investigations, physical examination, and hormonal assays.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S)

Cytogenetic analysis, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), array comparative genomic hybridization (CGH), and polymorphic DNA marker analysis.

RESULT(S)

The FISH showed a Y/18p translocation. Array CGH revealed a loss of distal chromosome 18p material and a loss of part of Yq material corresponding to deletions of chromosomal segments of 18pter-->18p11.2 and Yq11.221-->Yqter. Polymorphic DNA markers analysis showed that the X chromosome was of maternal origin and the deletion of 18p was of paternal origin.

CONCLUSION(S)

This study confirms the usefulness of array CGH in the detection of subtle chromosomal rearrangements resulting in an unbalanced Y;autosome translocation.

An XX male with the sex-determining region Y gene inserted in the long arm of chromosome 16

OBJECTIVE

To report a case of a 46,XX male with an insertion of the sex-determining region Y (SRY) region in the terminal end of the long arm of chromosome 16.

DESIGN

Case report.

SETTING

Molecular and cytogenetic units in a university hospital.

PATIENT(S)

An infertile male, with normal masculinization of the external genitalia, who was referred for chromosomal analysis as an unaffected member of a family with idiopathic hypertrophic osteoarthropathy.

INTERVENTION(S)

Cytogenetic investigation, physical examination, and hormonal assays.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S)

Chromosomal analysis using GTG banding and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH).

RESULT(S)

Conventional chromosome analysis revealed a normal 46,XX karyotype. The FISH with bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs) of the SRY region indicated the presence of this region on the terminal end of the long arm of chromosome 16.

CONCLUSION(S)

This is the first case of a 46,XX male with the SRY gene present on an autosome-here chromosome 16. The size of the inserted region containing SRY, inserted in 16qter, is approximately 600 kb.

A Novel Frame Shift Mutation in the HMG Box of the SRY Gene in a Patient With Complete 46,XY Pure Gonadal Dysgenesis

Pure gonadal dysgenesis or Swyer syndrome is a sex-reversal disorder resulting from embryonic testicular regression sequences especially during the first few weeks of fetal life and is induced by mutations in the SRY gene. In the present report, we describe a nonmosaic XY sex-reversed female with pure gonadal dysgenesis. Molecular analysis using sequential PCR to detect Y chromosomal microdeletions showed the presence of SRY, ZFY and AZFa, b and c regions. Automated sequencing of the SRY region revealed a new mutation (deletion of A (adenine) in codon 82 at position +244), leading to a frame shift mutation within the helix I of the HMG-box domain. This mutation generates a truncated protein and is very likely to produce an impairment of SRY DNA binding activity. The present findings further support the functional importance of the putative DNA binding activity of the SRY HMG-box domain.