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Tripodi GD, Dickerman DI, LeMosy EK, Davis LS. Trichorhinophalangeal syndrome type II associated with aplasia cutis congenita in a neonate. Pediatr Dermatol 2022; 39:481-482. [PMID: 35181938 DOI: 10.1111/pde.14934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Aplasia cutis congenita (ACC) was diagnosed in a newborn with dysmorphic facial features, oligodactyly of the bilateral feet, and hip instability. The neonate's clinical abnormalities in addition to genetic testing confirmed a diagnosis of trichorhinophalangeal syndrome (TRPS) type II. The possibility of concurrent Adams-Oliver syndrome (AOS) is raised.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ellen K LeMosy
- Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
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Favilla BP, Burssed B, Yamashiro Coelho ÉM, Perez ABA, de Faria Soares MDF, Meloni VA, Bellucco FT, Melaragno MI. Minimal Critical Region and Genes for a Typical Presentation of Langer-Giedion Syndrome. Cytogenet Genome Res 2022; 162:46-54. [PMID: 35290978 DOI: 10.1159/000522034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Langer-Giedion syndrome (LGS) is caused by a contiguous deletion at 8q23q24, characterized by exostoses, facial, ectodermal, and skeletal anomalies, and, occasionally, intellectual disability. LGS patients have been diagnosed clinically or by routine cytogenetic techniques, hampering the definition of an accurate genotype-phenotype correlation for the syndrome. We report two unrelated patients with 8q23q24 deletions, characterized by cytogenomic techniques, with one of them, to our knowledge, carrying the smallest deletion reported in classic LGS cases. We assessed the pathogenicity of the deletion of genes within the 8q23q24 region and reviewed other molecularly confirmed cases from the literature. Our findings suggest a 3.2-Mb critical region for a typical presentation of the syndrome, emphasizing the contribution of the TRPS1, RAD21, and EXT1 genes' haploinsufficiency, and facial dysmorphisms as well as bone anomalies as the most frequent features among patients with LGS. We also suggest a possible role for the CSMD3 gene, whose deletion seems to contribute to central nervous system anomalies. Since studies performing such correlation for LGS patients are limited, our data contribute to improving the ge-notype-phenotype characterization for LGS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Pereira Favilla
- Department of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruna Burssed
- Department of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Vera Ayres Meloni
- Department of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Isabel Melaragno
- Department of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Lei M, Liang D, Yang Y, Mitsuhashi S, Katoh K, Miyake N, Frith MC, Wu L, Matsumoto N. Long-read DNA sequencing fully characterized chromothripsis in a patient with Langer-Giedion syndrome and Cornelia de Lange syndrome-4. J Hum Genet 2020; 65:667-674. [PMID: 32296131 PMCID: PMC7324355 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-020-0754-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Chromothripsis is a type of chaotic complex genomic rearrangement caused by a single event of chromosomal shattering and repair processes. Chromothripsis is known to cause rare congenital diseases when it occurs in germline cells, however, current genome analysis technologies have difficulty in detecting and deciphering chromothripsis. It is possible that this type of complex rearrangement may be overlooked in rare-disease patients whose genetic diagnosis is unsolved. We applied long read nanopore sequencing and our recently developed analysis pipeline dnarrange to a patient who has a reciprocal chromosomal translocation t(8;18)(q22;q21) as a result of chromothripsis between the two chromosomes, and fully characterize the complex rearrangements at the translocation site. The patient genome was evidently shattered into 19 fragments, and rejoined into derivative chromosomes in a random order and orientation. The reconstructed patient genome indicates loss of five genomic regions, which all overlap with microarray-detected copy number losses. We found that two disease-related genes RAD21 and EXT1 were lost by chromothripsis. These two genes could fully explain the disease phenotype with facial dysmorphisms and bone abnormality, which is likely a contiguous gene syndrome, Cornelia de Lange syndrome type IV (CdLs-4) and atypical Langer-Giedion syndrome (LGS), also known as trichorhinophalangeal syndrome type II (TRPSII). This provides evidence that our approach based on long read sequencing can fully characterize chromothripsis in a patient's genome, which is important for understanding the phenotype of disease caused by complex genomic rearrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Lei
- Center for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
- China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Desheng Liang
- Center for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yifeng Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Satomi Mitsuhashi
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Katoh
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- Artificial Intelligence Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriko Miyake
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Martin C Frith
- Artificial Intelligence Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tokyo, Japan
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
- Computational Bio Big-Data Open Innovation Laboratory (CBBD-OIL), AIST, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Lingqian Wu
- Center for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Naomichi Matsumoto
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.
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Non-ossifying fibroma with a pathologic fracture in a 12-year-old girl with tricho-rhino-phalangeal syndrome: a case report. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2018; 19:211. [PMID: 30541476 PMCID: PMC6292130 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-018-0732-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Tricho-rhino-phalangeal syndrome (TRPS) is a rare autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by distinctive craniofacial and skeletal abnormalities, while non-ossifying fibroma (NOF) is a common benign bone tumour in children and adolescents. To date, no case of TRPS coexisting with NOF has been reported. This report presents a 12-year-old girl who had the characteristic features of tricho-rhino-phalangeal syndrome and non-ossifying fibroma with a fibula fracture. Case presentation A 12-year-old girl was admitted to the Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes for evaluation of brachydactyly and a right fibula fracture. Clinical examination revealed sparse scalp hair, a characteristic bulbous pear-shaped nose, and brachydactyly with significant shortening of the fourth metatarsal. Neither intellectual disability nor multiple exostoses were observed. Radiography of both hands showed brachydactyly and cone-shaped epiphyses of the middle phalanges of the digits of both hands with deviation of the phalangeal axis. Genetic analysis of TRPS1 identified a heterozygous germline sequence variant (p.Ala932Thr) in exon 6 in the girl and her father. Approximately 1 month before being admitted to our department, the girl experienced a minor fall and suffered a fracture of the proximal fibula in the right lower limb. The pathological cytological diagnosis of the osteolytic lesion was NOF. Ten months following the surgery, the lesion on the proximal fibula of the girl disappeared. Conclusions In conclusion, the present study is the first to report a rare case of NOF with a pathologic fracture in the fibula of a girl with TRPS. The identification of a missense mutation, (p.Ala932Thr), in exon 6 of TRPS1 in this kindred further suggested that the patient had type I TRPS and indicated that mutations in this exon may be correlated with more pronounced features of the syndrome. Radiological techniques and genetic analysis played key roles in the definitive diagnosis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12881-018-0732-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Khanna K, Sharma S, Gupta DK. Hydrometrocolpos etiology and management: past beckons the present. Pediatr Surg Int 2018; 34:249-261. [PMID: 29177625 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-017-4218-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Hydrometrocolpos is a rare condition in which the uterus and the vagina are grossly distended with a retained fluid other than pus or blood. It may present during the neonatal period or later at puberty. Most cases reported earlier were stillbirths and were diagnosed only on autopsy. Antenatal diagnosis is now possible with the advent of ultrasound. An early diagnosis and speedy management is the key to survival. Many previous case reports have focused on the varied clinical presentations, multiple causes, associated syndromes and/or the radiological diagnosis of this condition. However, management options for different types of hydrometrocolpos have not yet been concisely discussed. We have reviewed the literature and tried to summarize the management options applicable to most case scenarios of hydrometrocolpos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kashish Khanna
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, R. No 4002, 4th floor, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Shilpa Sharma
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, R. No 4002, 4th floor, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - D K Gupta
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, R. No 4002, 4th floor, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India.
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Li Q, Zhang Z, Yan Y, Xiao P, Gao Z, Cheng W, Su L, Yu K, Xie H, Chen X, Jiang Q, Li L. Annular pancreas in Trichorhinophalangeal syndrome type II with 8q23.3-q24.12 interstitial deletion. Mol Cytogenet 2015; 8:95. [PMID: 26673557 PMCID: PMC4678473 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-015-0201-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Trichorhinophalangeal syndrome type II (TRPS II, OMIM # 150230) is a rare autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by craniofacial and skeletal abnormalities. Loss of functional copies of the TRPS1 gene at 8q23.3 and the EXT1 gene at 8q24.11 are considered to be responsible for the syndrome. Case Presentation Herewith, we report an 8-year-old girl with sparse scalp hair, bulbous nose, thin upper lip, broad eyebrows, phalangeal abnormalities of both hands/toes, multiple exostoses, mild intellectual impairment and severe malnutrition. In addition, the patient also had annular pancreas, a rare co-existing feature in patients with TRPS II. Conclusions A contiguous 5.47 Mb deletion involving 8q23.3-q24.12 was detected by array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH), leading to haploinsufficiency of 10 protein coding genes, 1 long non-coding RNA and 1 microRNA. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) examination confirmed half-reduced DNA copy of the patient and normal expression of both parents, indicating a de novo origin of the deletion and complete penetrance of the mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, No. 2 Yabao Rd, Beijing, 100020 China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, No. 2 Yabao Rd, Beijing, 100020 China
| | - Yuchun Yan
- 2Department of Radiology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics Affiliated Children's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Xiao
- Department of Pathology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics Affiliated Children's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhijie Gao
- Department of Neurology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics Affiliated Children's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Cheng
- Department of Surgery, Beijing United Family Hospital, Beijing, China ; Department of Paediatrics and Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lin Su
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Clinical College of PLA Affiliated Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Kaihui Yu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Preclinical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Hua Xie
- Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoli Chen
- Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Jiang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Long Li
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, No. 2 Yabao Rd, Beijing, 100020 China
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Selenti N, Tzetis M, Braoudaki M, Gianikou K, Kitsiou-Tzeli S, Fryssira H. An interstitial deletion at 8q23.1-q24.12 associated with Langer-Giedion syndrome/ Trichorhinophalangeal syndrome (TRPS) type II and Cornelia de Lange syndrome 4. Mol Cytogenet 2015; 8:64. [PMID: 26269715 PMCID: PMC4534011 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-015-0169-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There are three distinct subtypes of Trichorhinophalangeal syndrome (TRPS); TRPS type I, TRPS type II and TRPS type III. Features common to all three subtypes include sparse, slowly growing scalp hair, laterally sparse eyebrows, a bulbous tip of the nose (pear-shaped), and protruding ears. Langer–Giedion syndrome (LGS) or TRPS type II is a contiguous gene syndrome on 8q24.1, involving loss of functional copies of the TRPS1 and EXT1 genes. We report a male patient that was referred to the Department of Medical Genetics due to hypotonia and dysmorphic facial features. Results Cytogenetic and array- Comparative Genomic Hybridization (aCGH) analysis revealed that the patient was a carrier of an interstitial deletion at 8q23.1-q24.12 of 12,5 Mb. Parental karyotype indicated that the father carried an apparently balanced insertion: 46, ΧΥ, der(10)ins(10;8)(q22;q23q24). Conclusions This is the first report of an apparently balanced insertion including chromosomes 8 and 10 contributing to the etiology of LGS/ TRPS type II. Τimely diagnosis of parental balanced chromosomal rearrangements can reduce the risk of subsequent miscarriages as well as abnormal offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikoletta Selenti
- Department of Medical Genetics, Aghia Sophia Childrens' Hospital, Athens University, School of Medicine, Thivon and Levadeias 11527, Goudi, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Tzetis
- Department of Medical Genetics, Aghia Sophia Childrens' Hospital, Athens University, School of Medicine, Thivon and Levadeias 11527, Goudi, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Braoudaki
- Department of Medical Genetics, Aghia Sophia Childrens' Hospital, Athens University, School of Medicine, Thivon and Levadeias 11527, Goudi, Athens, Greece
| | - Krinio Gianikou
- Department of Medical Genetics, Aghia Sophia Childrens' Hospital, Athens University, School of Medicine, Thivon and Levadeias 11527, Goudi, Athens, Greece
| | - Sofia Kitsiou-Tzeli
- Department of Medical Genetics, Aghia Sophia Childrens' Hospital, Athens University, School of Medicine, Thivon and Levadeias 11527, Goudi, Athens, Greece
| | - Helen Fryssira
- Department of Medical Genetics, Aghia Sophia Childrens' Hospital, Athens University, School of Medicine, Thivon and Levadeias 11527, Goudi, Athens, Greece
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Phenotype and genotype in 103 patients with tricho-rhino-phalangeal syndrome. Eur J Med Genet 2015; 58:279-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Shawky RM, Elkhalek HSA, Elghawaby AES, Mohammad SA, Seifeldin NS. Trichorhinophalangeal syndrome II, expanding the clinical spectrum. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmhg.2014.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Nagori SA, Jose A, Agarwal B, Bhatt K, Bhutia O, Roychoudhury A. Traumatic bone cyst of the mandible in Langer-Giedion syndrome: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2014; 8:387. [PMID: 25421062 PMCID: PMC4364690 DOI: 10.1186/1752-1947-8-387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Langer-Giedion syndrome (trichorhinophalangeal syndrome type II) is an extremely rare disorder characterized by dysmorphic facial features, multiple exostoses, mental retardation and digit deformities. We report the first case of any maxillofacial pathology in such a syndromic patient. Case presentation A 22-year-old Indian woman with mild intellectual disability presented with malaligned teeth. Routine radiographic screening demonstrated a large multilocular lesion in her right mandible. She had peculiar features such as short stature, short limbs, brachydactyly, and dysmorphic facial characters, which prompted us to evaluate her further. After findings of multiple bony exostoses she was diagnosed with Langer-Giedion syndrome. On surgical exploration of her right mandibular lesion an empty cavity was found suggestive of traumatic bone cyst. The lesion healed completely after 1 year without loss of vitality of any teeth. Conclusions Although diagnosis and management of any maxillofacial pathology can be challenging in syndromic patients, our report suggests a possible correlation between traumatic bone cyst and Langer-Giedion syndrome. Clinicians should routinely screen these patients for any undetected maxillofacial pathology. In future cases of this syndrome, one should consider the possibility of traumatic bone cyst which may not require aggressive surgical management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ajoy Roychoudhury
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, CDER, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India.
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Plaza-Benhumea L, Valdes-Miranda J, Toral-López J, Pérez-Cabrera A, Cuevas-Covarrubias S. Trichorhinophalangeal syndrome type II due to a novel 8q23.3-q24.12 deletion associated with imperforate hymen and vaginal stenosis. Br J Dermatol 2014; 171:1581-3. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.13177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Plaza-Benhumea
- Departamento de Genética; Hospital para el Niño IMIEM; Edomex México
| | - J.M. Valdes-Miranda
- Departamento de Genética Médica; Facultad de Medicina; Hospital General de México; Facultad de Medicina; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; México
| | - J. Toral-López
- Departamento de Genética Médica; Centro Médico Ecatepec; ISSEMYM; Edomex México
| | - A. Pérez-Cabrera
- Departamento de Genética Médica; Facultad de Medicina; Hospital General de México; Facultad de Medicina; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; México
| | - S. Cuevas-Covarrubias
- Departamento de Genética Médica; Facultad de Medicina; Hospital General de México; Facultad de Medicina; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; México
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Abstract
The field of cytogenetics has focused on studying the number, structure, function and origin of chromosomal abnormalities and the evolution of chromosomes. The development of fluorescent molecules that either directly or via an intermediate molecule bind to DNA has led to the development of fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), a technology linking cytogenetics to molecular genetics. This technique has a wide range of applications that increased the dimension of chromosome analysis. The field of cytogenetics is particularly important for medical diagnostics and research as well as for gene ordering and mapping. Furthermore, the increased application of molecular biology techniques, such as array-based technologies, has led to improved resolution, extending the recognized range of microdeletion/microduplication syndromes and genomic disorders. In adopting these newly expanded methods, cytogeneticists have used a range of technologies to study the association between visible chromosome rearrangements and defects at the single nucleotide level. Overall, molecular cytogenetic techniques offer a remarkable number of potential applications, ranging from physical mapping to clinical and evolutionary studies, making a powerful and informative complement to other molecular and genomic approaches. This manuscript does not present a detailed history of the development of molecular cytogenetics; however, references to historical reviews and experiments have been provided whenever possible. Herein, the basic principles of molecular cytogenetics, the technologies used to identify chromosomal rearrangements and copy number changes, and the applications for cytogenetics in biomedical diagnosis and research are presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariluce Riegel
- Serviço de Genética Médica, Hospital de Clínicas, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil . ; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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