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Esmaeilzadeh E, Moradi A, Khorram Khorshid HR. Whole-exome sequencing revealed a novel homozygous missense variant in OSGEP gene: a case report of Galloway-Mowat syndrome in Iran. CEN Case Rep 2023; 12:374-377. [PMID: 36856752 PMCID: PMC10620368 DOI: 10.1007/s13730-023-00775-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Galloway-Mowat syndrome is a rare autosomal-recessive genetic disorder that is characterized by variety of complications such as neurological abnormalities and early-onset progressive kidney disease. Studies have been shown that pathogenic mutations in genes that belong to the KEOPS complex lead to Galloway-Mowat syndrome. Several pathogenic mutations in OSGEP gene, a member of the KEOPS complex, have been detected in Galloway-Mowat syndrome. Here we describe a 12-year-old male with intellectual disability, poor speech, seizures, microcephaly, and nephrotic syndrome that were in favor of Galloway-Mowat syndrome, born to a healthy Iranian consanguineous parents. Extracted genomic DNA from blood sample was used to perform whole-exome sequencing in the patient. The mutational screening revealed a novel homozygote OSGEP gene missense variant. Our finding established whole-exome sequencing as a valuable technic for the detection of rare variants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arman Moradi
- Fetal Health Research Center, Hope Generation Foundation, Tehran, Iran
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Chen Y, Yang Y, Yang Y, Rao J, Bai H. Diagnosis delay a family of Galloway-Mowat Syndrome caused by a classical splicing mutation of Lage3. BMC Nephrol 2023; 24:29. [PMID: 36755238 PMCID: PMC9909869 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-022-03000-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Galloway-Mowat syndrome (GAMOS) is a group of rare hereditary diseases by the combination of early onset steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) and microcephaly with brain anomalies caused by WDR73, LAGE3, OSGEP, TP53RK, TPRKB, GON7, WDR4 or NUP133 mutations. CASE PRESENTATION We present the clinical and genetic features of a two-year-old boy with early nephrotic syndrome, microcephaly, growth retardation hypotonia and hypothyroidism. Genetic testing showed the presence of a canonical-splice mutation in the LAGE3 gene (NM_006014: c.188 + 1C > T). A total of nine female members of the family carried the variant. Seven male members died prematurely, and three of them suffered from nephrotic syndrome, which is consistent with the x-linked gene map of the disease. The overall symptoms of the disease due to the LAGE3 mutation were mild compared to other pathogenic genes. CONCLUSION As far as we know, this is the largest family case of GAMOS2 caused by LAGE3 mutation found so far. We also compared other subtypes of GAMOS. Due to the heterogeneity of the renal phenotype, regular proteinuria screening is recommended for all patients diagnosed with GAMOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- grid.412625.6Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361000 China ,Pediatric Key Laboratory of Xiamen, Xiamen, Fujian 361000 China ,grid.12955.3a0000 0001 2264 7233Institute of Pediatrics School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361000 China
| | - Yan Yang
- grid.412625.6Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361000 China ,Pediatric Key Laboratory of Xiamen, Xiamen, Fujian 361000 China ,grid.12955.3a0000 0001 2264 7233Institute of Pediatrics School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361000 China
| | - Yang Yang
- grid.412625.6Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361000 China ,Pediatric Key Laboratory of Xiamen, Xiamen, Fujian 361000 China ,grid.12955.3a0000 0001 2264 7233Institute of Pediatrics School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361000 China
| | - Jia Rao
- grid.411333.70000 0004 0407 2968Department of Nephrology, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201100 China
| | - Haitao Bai
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361000, China. .,Pediatric Key Laboratory of Xiamen, Xiamen, Fujian, 361000, China. .,Institute of Pediatrics School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361000, China.
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Chen J, Ye GB, Huang JR, Peng M, Gu WY, Xiong P, Zhu HM. Novel TP53RK variants cause varied clinical features of Galloway-Mowat syndrome without nephrotic syndrome in three unrelated Chinese patients. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1116949. [PMID: 36873107 PMCID: PMC9977797 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1116949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Galloway-Mowat syndrome-4 (GAMOS4) is a very rare renal-neurological disease caused by TP53RK gene mutations. GAMOS4 is characterized by early-onset nephrotic syndrome, microcephaly, and brain anomalies. To date, only nine GAMOS4 cases with detailed clinical data (caused by eight deleterious variants in TP53RK) have been reported. This study aimed to examine the clinical and genetic characteristics of three unrelated GAMOS4 patients with TP53RK gene compound heterozygous mutations. Methods Whole-exome sequencing (WES) was used to identify four novel TP53RK variants in three unrelated Chinese children. Clinical characteristics such as biochemical parameters and image findings of patients were also evaluated. Furthermore, four studies of GAMOS4 patients with TP53RK variants were reviewed. In addition, clinical and genetic features were described after a retrospective analysis of clinical symptoms, laboratory data, and genetic test results. Results The three patients showed facial abnormalities, developmental delays, microcephaly, and aberrant cerebral imaging. Furthermore, patient 1 had slight proteinuria, while patient 2 had epilepsy. However, none of the individuals had nephrotic syndrome, and all were alive for more than 3 years of age. This is the first study to assess four variants in the TP53RK gene (NM_033550.4: c.15_16dup/p.A6Efs*29, c.745A > G/p.R249G, c.185G > A/p.R62H, and c.335A > G/p.Y112C). Conclusion The clinical characteristics of the three children with TP53RK mutations are significantly different from the known GAMOS4 traits, including early nephrotic syndrome and mortality mainly occurring in the first year of life. This study provides insights into the pathogenic TP53RK gene mutation spectrum and clinical phenotypes of GAMOS4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Gao-Bo Ye
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xian, China
| | - Jin-Rong Huang
- Ganzhou Women and Children Health Hospital, Ganzhou, China
| | - Min Peng
- Chigene Beijing Translational Medical Research Center Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Yue Gu
- Chigene Beijing Translational Medical Research Center Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Pin Xiong
- Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong-Min Zhu
- Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Huang L, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Mao J. Novel LAGE3 Pathogenic Variants Combined with TRPC6 and NUP160 Variants in Galloway-Mowat Syndrome: A Case Report. Case Rep Nephrol Dial 2023; 13:148-155. [PMID: 37900929 PMCID: PMC10601869 DOI: 10.1159/000533580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Galloway-Mowat syndrome (GAMOS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by early-onset nephrotic syndrome and microcephaly with brain anomalies in children. Researchers studying GAMOS reported the first pathogenic variant identified was the WDR73 gene, and more recently, four new pathogenic genes, OSGEP, LAGE3, TP53RK, and TPRKB, have been identified. In the present study, we report a new mutation of c.290T>G (p.L97R) LAGE3 in a 4-year-old boy with specific urological and nephrological complications. The patient presented with early-onset proteinuria, brain atrophy, delayed language and motor development, and axial hypotonia. This patient also had mutations in two other genes: TRPC6 and NUP160, make the clinical presentation of this patient more diverse. Our novel findings add to the spectrum of pathogenic variants in the LAGE3 gene. In addition, early genetic diagnosis of GAMOS is essential for genetic counseling and prenatal care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Huang
- Department of Nephrology, The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children’s Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojing Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children’s Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Clinical Center of Pediatric Nephrology of Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanfei Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children’s Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianhua Mao
- Department of Nephrology, The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children’s Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
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Bagley JR, Bailey LS, Gagnon LH, He H, Philip VM, Reinholdt LG, Tarantino LM, Chesler EJ, Jentsch JD. Behavioral phenotypes revealed during reversal learning are linked with novel genetic loci in diversity outbred mice. ADDICTION NEUROSCIENCE 2022; 4:100045. [PMID: 36714272 PMCID: PMC9879139 DOI: 10.1016/j.addicn.2022.100045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Impulsive behavior and impulsivity are heritable phenotypes that are strongly associated with risk for substance use disorders. Identifying the neurogenetic mechanisms that influence impulsivity may also reveal novel biological insights into addiction vulnerability. Our past studies using the BXD and Collaborative Cross (CC) recombinant inbred mouse panels have revealed that behavioral indicators of impulsivity measured in a reversal-learning task are heritable and are genetically correlated with aspects of intravenous cocaine self-administration. Genome-wide linkage studies in the BXD panel revealed a quantitative trait locus (QTL) on chromosome 10, but we expect to identify additional QTL by testing in a population with more genetic diversity. To this end, we turned to Diversity Outbred (DO) mice; 392 DO mice (156 males, 236 females) were phenotyped using the same reversal learning test utilized previously. Our primary indicator of impulsive responding, a measure that isolates the relative difficulty mice have with reaching performance criteria under reversal conditions, revealed a genome-wide significant QTL on chromosome 7 (max LOD score = 8.73, genome-wide corrected p<0.05). A measure of premature responding akin to that implemented in the 5-choice serial reaction time task yielded a suggestive QTL on chromosome 17 (max LOD score = 9.14, genome-wide corrected <0.1). Candidate genes were prioritized (2900076A07Rik, Wdr73 and Zscan2) based upon expression QTL data we collected in DO and CC mice and analyses using publicly available gene expression and phenotype databases. These findings may advance understanding of the genetics that drive impulsive behavior and enhance risk for substance use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared R. Bagley
- Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, USA
- Center for Systems Neurogenetics of Addiction at The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA
| | - Lauren S. Bailey
- Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, USA
- Center for Systems Neurogenetics of Addiction at The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA
| | - Leona H. Gagnon
- Center for Systems Neurogenetics of Addiction at The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA
| | - Hao He
- Center for Systems Neurogenetics of Addiction at The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA
| | - Vivek M. Philip
- Center for Systems Neurogenetics of Addiction at The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA
| | - Laura G. Reinholdt
- Center for Systems Neurogenetics of Addiction at The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA
| | - Lisa M. Tarantino
- Center for Systems Neurogenetics of Addiction at The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Elissa J. Chesler
- Center for Systems Neurogenetics of Addiction at The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA
| | - James D. Jentsch
- Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, USA
- Center for Systems Neurogenetics of Addiction at The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA
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WDR73 Depletion Destabilizes PIP4K2C Activity and Impairs Focal Adhesion Formation in Galloway–Mowat Syndrome. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11101397. [PMID: 36290302 PMCID: PMC9598763 DOI: 10.3390/biology11101397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Galloway–Mowat syndrome is a rare genetic disease, classically characterized by a combination of various neurological symptoms and nephrotic syndrome. WDR73 is the pathogenic gene responsible for Galloway–Mowat syndrome. However, the pathological and molecular mechanisms of Galloway–Mowat syndrome, especially nephrotic syndrome caused by WDR73 deficiency, remains unknown. In this study, we knocked out the WDR73 in human embryonic kidney 293 cells to observe the morphological characteristics of the cells and elucidate the functions of WDR73. Additionally, we used a combination of proteomics, transcriptomics, and biochemical assays to identify the regulated targets of WDR73. We aimed to discover directly interacting molecules and the regulatory pathway of WDR73 and to illustrate the molecular mechanism between the WDR73 pathway and nephrotic disease in Galloway–Mowat syndrome. From the molecular mechanism we found in vitro, we draw a hypothesis that the damage to focal adhesion of podocytes caused by WDR73 defect is the key issue of kidney dysfunction. Finally, we verified the hypothesis in a podocyte-specific conditional knockout Wdr73 mouse model. Abstract (1) Background: Galloway–Mowat syndrome (GAMOS) is a rare genetic disease, classically characterized by a combination of various neurological symptoms and nephrotic syndrome. WDR73 is the pathogenic gene responsible for GAMOS1. However, the pathological and molecular mechanisms of GAMOS1, especially nephrotic syndrome caused by WDR73 deficiency, remain unknown. (2) Methods and Results: In this study, we first observed remarkable cellular morphological changes including impaired cell adhesion, decreased pseudopodia, and G2/M phase arrest in WDR73 knockout (KO) HEK 293 cells. The differentially expressed genes in WDR73 KO cells were enriched in the focal adhesion (FA) pathway. Additionally, PIP4K2C, a phospholipid kinase also involved in the FA pathway, was subsequently validated to interact with WDR73 via protein microarray and GST pulldown. WDR73 regulates PIP4K2C protein stability through the autophagy–lysosomal pathway. The stability of PIP4K2C was significantly disrupted by WDR73 KO, leading to a remarkable reduction in PIP2 and thus weakening the FA formation. In addition, we found that podocyte-specific conditional knockout (Wdr73 CKO) mice showed high levels of albuminuria and podocyte foot process injury in the ADR-induced model. FA formation was impaired in primary podocytes derived from Wdr73 CKO mice. (3) Conclusions: Since FA has been well known for its critical roles in maintaining podocyte structures and function, our study indicated that nephrotic syndrome in GAMOS1 is associated with disruption of FA caused by WDR73 deficiency.
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Ali Alghamdi M, Benabdelkamel H, Masood A, Saheb Sharif-Askari N, Hachim MY, Alsheikh H, Hamad MH, Salih MA, Bashiri FA, Alhasan K, Kashour T, Guatibonza Moreno P, Schröder S, Karageorgou V, Bertoli-Avella AM, Alkhalidi H, Jamjoom DZ, Alorainy IA, Alfadda AA, Halwani R. Genomic, Proteomic, and Phenotypic Spectrum of Novel O-Sialoglycoprotein Endopeptidase Variant in Four Affected Individuals With Galloway-Mowat Syndrome. Front Genet 2022; 13:806190. [PMID: 35812735 PMCID: PMC9259880 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.806190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Galloway-Mowat syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disease characterized by a unique combination of renal and neurological manifestations, including early-onset steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome, microcephaly, psychomotor delay, and gyral abnormalities of the brain. Most patients die during early childhood. Here, we identified a novel homozygous O-sialoglycoprotein endopeptidase (OSGEP) variant, NM_017807.3:c.973C>G (p.Arg325Gly), in four affected individuals in an extended consanguineous family from Saudi Arabia. We have described the detailed clinical characterization, brain imaging results, and muscle biopsy findings. The described phenotype varied from embryonic lethality to early pregnancy loss or death at the age of 9. Renal disease is often the cause of death. Protein modeling of this OSGEP variant confirmed its pathogenicity. In addition, proteomic analysis of the affected patients proposed a link between the KEOPS complex function and human pathology and suggested potential pathogenic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malak Ali Alghamdi
- Pediatric Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Medical Genetics Division, Department of Pediatrics, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- *Correspondence: Malak Ali Alghamdi,
| | - Hicham Benabdelkamel
- Proteomics Resource Unit, Obesity Research Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afshan Masood
- Proteomics Resource Unit, Obesity Research Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mahmood Y. Hachim
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hamad Alsheikh
- Neurology Division, Department of Pediatrics, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muddathir H. Hamad
- Neurology Division, Department of Pediatrics, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mustafa A. Salih
- Pediatric Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad A. Bashiri
- Pediatric Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Neurology Division, Department of Pediatrics, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Alhasan
- Pediatric Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Nephology Division, Department of Pediatrics, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Pediatric Kidney Transplant Division,Organ Transplant Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tarek Kashour
- Cardiology Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | | | - Hisham Alkhalidi
- Pathology Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dima Z. Jamjoom
- Radiology and Medical Imaging Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim A. Alorainy
- Radiology and Medical Imaging Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Assim A. Alfadda
- Proteomics Resource Unit, Obesity Research Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and King Saud Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Strategic Center for Diabetes Research, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rabih Halwani
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, Sharjah Institute for Medical Research (SIMR), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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Boyer O, Mollet G, Dorval G. Neurological involvement in monogenic podocytopathies. Pediatr Nephrol 2021; 36:3571-3583. [PMID: 33791874 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-020-04903-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Genetic studies of hereditary nephrotic syndrome (NS) have identified more than 50 genes that, if mutated, are responsible for monogenic forms of steroid-resistant NS (SRNS), either isolated or syndromic. Most of these genes encode proteins expressed in the podocyte with various functions such as transcription factors, mitochondrial proteins, or enzymes, but mainly structural proteins of the slit diaphragm (SD) as well as cytoskeletal binding and regulator proteins. Syndromic NS is sometimes associated with neurological features. Over recent decades, various studies have established links between the physiology of podocytes and neurons, both morphologically (slit diaphragm and synapse) and functionally (signaling platforms). Variants in genes expressed in different compartments of the podocyte and neurons are responsible for phenotypes associating kidney lesions with proteinuria (mainly Focal and Segmental Glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) or Diffuse Mesangial Sclerosis (DMS)) and central and/or peripheral neurological disorders. The Galloway-Mowat syndrome (GAMOS, OMIM#251300) associates neurological defects, microcephaly, and proteinuria and is caused by variants in genes encoding proteins of various functions (microtubule cytoskeleton regulation (WDR73), regulation of protein synthesis via transfer RNAs (KEOPS and WDR4 complexes)). Pierson syndrome (OMIM#609049) associating congenital nephrotic syndrome and central neurological and ophthalmological anomalies is secondary to variants in LAMB2, involved in glomerular and ocular basement membranes. Finally, Charcot-Marie-Tooth-FSGS (OMIM#614455) combines peripheral sensory-motor neuropathy and proteinuria and arises from INF2 variants, resulting in cytoskeletal polymerization defects. This review focuses on genetic syndromes associating nephrotic range proteinuria and neurological involvement and provides the latest advances in the description of these neuro-renal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Boyer
- Service de Néphrologie Pédiatrique, AP-HP, Centre de Référence de maladies rénales rares de l'enfant et de l'adulte (MARHEA), Hôpital Necker - Enfants Malades, 149 Rue de Sèvres, 75015, Paris, France.
- Institut Imagine, Laboratoire des maladies rénales héréditaires, INSERM UMR 1163, Université de Paris, Paris, France.
| | - Géraldine Mollet
- Institut Imagine, Laboratoire des maladies rénales héréditaires, INSERM UMR 1163, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Dorval
- Institut Imagine, Laboratoire des maladies rénales héréditaires, INSERM UMR 1163, Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Service de Génétique Moléculaire, AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
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A patient diagnosed with Galloway-Mowat syndrome presenting with a rod-cone functional anomaly with electronegative dark-adapted ERGs. Doc Ophthalmol 2021; 143:75-83. [PMID: 33548032 DOI: 10.1007/s10633-021-09820-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Galloway-Mowat syndrome (GAMOS) is a clinically heterogenous and rare condition classically described as the combination of nephrotic syndrome associated with brain anomaly and delays in development. It was first reported in the literature in 1968 by Galloway W.H and Mowat A.P. Reports of visual anomaly in these patients are generally limited to decreased visual acuity, nystagmus and optic nerve atrophy. To this day, little is known about retinal function in this disease. Therefore, the purpose of this case report is to reveal abnormal retinal function (including light-adapted and dark-adapted retinal function) in a female patient diagnosed with GAMOS due to mutation of the WDR73 gene. METHODS Complete dilated pediatric ophthalmic examination and ISCEV full field standard light (10 min of light adaptation; background light: 30 cd.m-2; flash intensity: 3.0 cd.sec.m-2) and dark-adapted (20 min of dark adaptation; flash intensities: 0.01, 3.0 and 10.0 cd.sec.m-2) electroretinograms were performed on a 2-year-old female patient diagnosed with GAMOS due to a biallelic mutation in the WDR73 gene. RESULTS Ophthalmologic evaluation under anesthesia revealed normal appearing anterior segments. Significant bilateral optic nerve pallor was noted. Fundus examination appeared to be abnormal and demonstrated mid-peripheral whitish glistening appearance with possible gliosis. Retinoscopy revealed bilateral high myopia with a refractive error of -8.00 sphere in both eyes. ISCEV standard ERG revealed residual responses under light-adapted condition. Undetectable responses were obtained after 20 min of dark adaptation when using a dim flash (DA 0.01). However, when brighter flashes were used in a dark-adapted condition (DA 3.0 and DA 10.0), the ERGs were detectable, albeit abnormal in amplitudes and of electronegative morphology. CONCLUSIONS The results obtained showed significant retinal functional deficit affecting both the cone and the rod photoreceptor pathways, along with the inner retina, in a patient diagnosed with GAMOS due to biallelic mutations in the WDR73 gene. Our report is limited to one patient, and additional studies are needed to verify whether retinal functional anomalies, as measured by the full field electroretinogram, present a novel biomarker in all patients affected with GAMOS or only in patients with a mutation in the WDR73 gene. Given the evidence of retinal functional changes presented in this study, it is strongly suggested to include complete ophthalmic examination, retinal imaging, including OCT, and full field ERG testing in patients affected with GAMOS.
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Disruption of pathways regulated by Integrator complex in Galloway-Mowat syndrome due to WDR73 mutations. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5388. [PMID: 33686175 PMCID: PMC7940485 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84472-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have reported WDR73 mutations to be causative of Galloway–Mowat syndrome, a rare disorder characterised by the association of neurological defects and renal-glomerular disease. In this study, we demonstrate interaction of WDR73 with the INTS9 and INTS11 components of Integrator, a large multiprotein complex with various roles in RNA metabolism and transcriptional control. We implicate WDR73 in two Integrator-regulated cellular pathways; namely, the processing of uridylate-rich small nuclear RNAs (UsnRNA), and mediating the transcriptional response to epidermal growth factor stimulation. We also show that WDR73 suppression leads to altered expression of genes encoding cell cycle regulatory proteins. Altogether, our results suggest that a range of cellular pathways are perturbed by WDR73 loss-of-function, and support the consensus that proper regulation of UsnRNA maturation, transcription initiation and cell cycle control are all critical in maintaining the health of post-mitotic cells such as glomerular podocytes and neurons, and preventing degenerative disease.
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Lipska-Ziętkiewicz BS, Ozaltin F, Hölttä T, Bockenhauer D, Bérody S, Levtchenko E, Vivarelli M, Webb H, Haffner D, Schaefer F, Boyer O. Genetic aspects of congenital nephrotic syndrome: a consensus statement from the ERKNet-ESPN inherited glomerulopathy working group. Eur J Hum Genet 2020; 28:1368-1378. [PMID: 32467597 PMCID: PMC7608398 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-020-0642-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital nephrotic syndrome (CNS) is a heterogeneous group of disorders presenting with massive proteinuria within the first 3 months of life almost inevitably leading to end-stage kidney disease. The Work Group for the European Reference Network for Kidney Diseases (ERKNet) and the European Society for Pediatric Nephrology (ESPN) has developed consensus statement on genetic aspects of CNS diagnosis and management. The presented expert opinion recommends genetic diagnostics as the key diagnostic test to be ordered already during the initial evaluation of the patient, discusses which phenotyping workup should be performed and presents known genotype-phenotype correlations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Stefania Lipska-Ziętkiewicz
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Biology and Medical Genetics, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland.
- Centre for Rare Diseases, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Fatih Ozaltin
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology and Nephrogenetics Laboratory, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Tuula Hölttä
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology and Transplantation, The New Children's Hospital, HUS Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Detlef Bockenhauer
- UCL Department of Renal Medicine and Renal Unit, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Sandra Bérody
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Reference Center for Hereditary Kidney Diseases (MARHEA), Necker Hospital, APHP, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Elena Levtchenko
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals Leuven; Department of Development & Regeneration, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marina Vivarelli
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Pediatric Subspecialties, Bambino Gesù Pediatric Hospital and Research Center, Rome, Italy
| | - Hazel Webb
- UCL Department of Renal Medicine and Renal Unit, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Dieter Haffner
- Department of Pediatric Kidney, Liver and Metabolic Diseases, Hannover Medical School Children's Hospital, Hannover, Germany
- Center for Congenital Kidney Diseases, Center for Rare Diseases, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Franz Schaefer
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Olivia Boyer
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Reference Center for Hereditary Kidney Diseases (MARHEA), Necker Hospital, APHP, 75015, Paris, France
- Laboratory of Hereditary Kidney Diseases, Imagine Institute, INSERM, Paris Descartes University, U1163, Paris, France
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12
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Baker E, Weaver D, Massengill S, Mittag D, Juusola J, Demmer L. An unusual case of nephrotic syndrome in a microcephalic infant: Answers. Pediatr Nephrol 2019; 34:2327-2329. [PMID: 31069511 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-019-04261-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Baker
- Atrium Health's Levine Children's Hospital, 1000 Blythe Blvd, Charlotte, NC, 28203, USA
| | - Donald Weaver
- Atrium Health's Levine Children's Hospital, 1000 Blythe Blvd, Charlotte, NC, 28203, USA
| | - Susan Massengill
- Atrium Health's Levine Children's Hospital, 1000 Blythe Blvd, Charlotte, NC, 28203, USA
| | - Dana Mittag
- Atrium Health's Levine Children's Hospital, 1000 Blythe Blvd, Charlotte, NC, 28203, USA
| | - Jane Juusola
- GeneDx, 207 Perry Pkwy, Gaithersburg, MD, 20877, USA
| | - Laurie Demmer
- Atrium Health's Levine Children's Hospital, 1000 Blythe Blvd, Charlotte, NC, 28203, USA.
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13
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El Younsi M, Kraoua L, Meddeb R, Ferjani M, Trabelsi M, Ouertani I, Maazoul F, Abid N, Gargah T, M'rad R. WDR73-related galloway mowat syndrome with collapsing glomerulopathy. Eur J Med Genet 2019; 62:103550. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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14
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Fujita A, Tsukaguchi H, Koshimizu E, Nakazato H, Itoh K, Kuraoka S, Komohara Y, Shiina M, Nakamura S, Kitajima M, Tsurusaki Y, Miyatake S, Ogata K, Iijima K, Matsumoto N, Miyake N. Homozygous splicing mutation in NUP133 causes Galloway-Mowat syndrome. Ann Neurol 2019; 84:814-828. [PMID: 30427554 DOI: 10.1002/ana.25370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Galloway-Mowat syndrome (GAMOS) is a neural and renal disorder, characterized by microcephaly, brain anomalies, and early onset nephrotic syndrome. Biallelic mutations in WDR73 and the 4 subunit genes of the KEOPS complex are reported to cause GAMOS. Furthermore, an identical homozygous NUP107 (nucleoporin 107kDa) mutation was identified in 4 GAMOS-like families, although biallelic NUP107 mutations were originally identified in steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome. NUP107 and NUP133 (nucleoporin 133kDa) are interacting subunits of the nuclear pore complex in the nuclear envelope during interphase, and these proteins are also involved in centrosome positioning and spindle assembly during mitosis. METHODS Linkage analysis and whole exome sequencing were performed in a previously reported GAMOS family with brain atrophy and steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome. RESULTS We identified a homozygous NUP133 mutation, c.3335-11T>A, which results in the insertion of 9bp of intronic sequence between exons 25 and 26 in the mutant transcript. NUP133 and NUP107 interaction was impaired by the NUP133 mutation based on an immunoprecipitation assay. Importantly, focal cortical dysplasia type IIa was recognized in the brain of an autopsied patient and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis was confirmed in the kidneys of the 3 examined patients. A nup133-knockdown zebrafish model exhibited microcephaly, fewer neuronal cells, underdeveloped glomeruli, and fusion of the foot processes of the podocytes, which mimicked human GAMOS features. nup133 morphants could be rescued by human wild-type NUP133 mRNA but not by mutant mRNA. INTERPRETATION These data indicate that the biallelic NUP133 loss-of-function mutation causes GAMOS. Ann Neurol 2018;84:814-828.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Fujita
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama
| | | | - Eriko Koshimizu
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama
| | - Hitoshi Nakazato
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto
| | - Kyoko Itoh
- Department of Pathology and Applied Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto
| | - Shohei Kuraoka
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto
| | - Yoshihiro Komohara
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto
| | - Masaaki Shiina
- Department of Biochemistry, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama
| | - Shohei Nakamura
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama
| | - Mika Kitajima
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto
| | | | - Satoko Miyatake
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama
| | - Kazuhiro Ogata
- Department of Biochemistry, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama
| | - Kazumoto Iijima
- Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Naomichi Matsumoto
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama
| | - Noriko Miyake
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama
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15
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Domingo-Gallego A, Furlano M, Pybus M, Barraca D, Martínez AB, Mora Muñoz E, Torra R, Ars E. Novel homozygous OSGEP gene pathogenic variants in two unrelated patients with Galloway-Mowat syndrome: case report and review of the literature. BMC Nephrol 2019; 20:126. [PMID: 30975089 PMCID: PMC6458604 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-019-1317-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Galloway-Mowat syndrome (GAMOS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by early-onset nephrotic syndrome and microcephaly with brain anomalies. WDR73 pathogenic variants were described as the first genetic cause of GAMOS and, very recently, four novel causative genes, OSGEP, LAGE3, TP53RK, and TPRKB, have been identified. Case presentation We present the clinical and genetic characteristics of two unrelated infants with clinical suspicion of GAMOS who were born from consanguineous parents. Both patients showed a similar clinical presentation, with early-onset nephrotic syndrome, microcephaly, brain atrophy, developmental delay, axial hypotonia, and early fatality. We identified two novel likely disease-causing variants in the OSGEP gene. These two cases, in conjunction with the findings of a literature review, indicate that OSGEP pathogenic variants are associated with an earlier onset of nephrotic syndrome and shorter life expectancy than WDR73 pathogenic variants. Conclusions Our findings expand the spectrum of pathogenic variants in the OSGEP gene and, taken in conjunction with the results of the literature review, suggest that the OSGEP gene should be considered the main known monogenic cause of GAMOS. Early genetic diagnosis of GAMOS is of paramount importance for genetic counseling and family planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Domingo-Gallego
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Fundació Puigvert, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, REDinREN, Instituto de Investigación Carlos III, Cartagena 340-350, 08025, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Nephrology Department, Fundació Puigvert, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, REDinREN, Instituto de Investigación Carlos III, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Mónica Furlano
- Nephrology Department, Fundació Puigvert, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, REDinREN, Instituto de Investigación Carlos III, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marc Pybus
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Fundació Puigvert, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, REDinREN, Instituto de Investigación Carlos III, Cartagena 340-350, 08025, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Nephrology Department, Fundació Puigvert, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, REDinREN, Instituto de Investigación Carlos III, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Daniel Barraca
- Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Roser Torra
- Nephrology Department, Fundació Puigvert, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, REDinREN, Instituto de Investigación Carlos III, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Elisabet Ars
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Fundació Puigvert, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, REDinREN, Instituto de Investigación Carlos III, Cartagena 340-350, 08025, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. .,Nephrology Department, Fundació Puigvert, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, REDinREN, Instituto de Investigación Carlos III, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
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16
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Pascual B, de Bot ST, Daniels MR, França MC, Toro C, Riverol M, Hedera P, Bassi MT, Bresolin N, van de Warrenburg BP, Kremer B, Nicolai J, Charles P, Xu J, Singh S, Patronas NJ, Fung SH, Gregory MD, Masdeu JC. "Ears of the Lynx" MRI Sign Is Associated with SPG11 and SPG15 Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2019; 40:199-203. [PMID: 30606727 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a5935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The "ears of the lynx" MR imaging sign has been described in case reports of hereditary spastic paraplegia with a thin corpus callosum, mostly associated with mutations in the spatacsin vesicle trafficking associated gene, causing Spastic Paraplegia type 11 (SPG11). This sign corresponds to long T1 and T2 values in the forceps minor of the corpus callosum, which appears hyperintense on FLAIR and hypointense on T1-weighted images. Our purpose was to determine the sensitivity and specificity of the ears of the lynx MR imaging sign for genetic cases compared with common potential mimics. MATERIALS AND METHODS Four independent raters, blinded to the diagnosis, determined whether the ears of the lynx sign was present in each of a set of 204 single anonymized FLAIR and T1-weighted MR images from 34 patients with causal mutations associated with SPG11 or Spastic Paraplegia type 15 (SPG15). 34 healthy controls, and 34 patients with multiple sclerosis. RESULTS The interrater reliability for FLAIR images was substantial (Cohen κ, 0.66-0.77). For these images, the sensitivity of the ears of the lynx sign across raters ranged from 78.8 to 97.0 and the specificity ranged from 90.9 to 100. The accuracy of the sign, measured by area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, ranged from very good (87.1) to excellent (93.9). CONCLUSIONS The ears of the lynx sign on FLAIR MR imaging is highly specific for the most common genetic subtypes of hereditary spastic paraplegia with a thin corpus callosum. When this sign is present, there is a high likelihood of a genetic mutation, particularly associated with SPG11 or SPG15, even in the absence of a family history.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Pascual
- From the Departments of Neurology (B.P., M.R.D., J.C.M.)
| | - S T de Bot
- Department of Neurology (S.T.d.B.), Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - M R Daniels
- From the Departments of Neurology (B.P., M.R.D., J.C.M.)
| | - M C França
- Department of Neurology (M.C.F.), University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - C Toro
- National Institutes of Health Intramural Research Program (C.T., N.J.P., M.D.G.), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - M Riverol
- Department of Neurology (M.R.), Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - P Hedera
- Department of Neurology (P.H.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - M T Bassi
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology (M.T.B.), Scientific Institute Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico E. Medea, Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy
| | - N Bresolin
- Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health (N.B.), University Hospital Policlinico Ca'Granda, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - B P van de Warrenburg
- Department of Neurology (B.P.v.d.W.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - B Kremer
- Department of Neurology (B.K.), University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - J Nicolai
- Department of Neurology (J.N.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - P Charles
- Department of Genetics (P.C.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | | | - S Singh
- Radiology (S.S., S.H.F.), Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas
| | - N J Patronas
- National Institutes of Health Intramural Research Program (C.T., N.J.P., M.D.G.), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - S H Fung
- Radiology (S.S., S.H.F.), Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas
| | - M D Gregory
- National Institutes of Health Intramural Research Program (C.T., N.J.P., M.D.G.), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - J C Masdeu
- From the Departments of Neurology (B.P., M.R.D., J.C.M.)
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17
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Lin PY, Tseng MH, Zenker M, Rao J, Hildebrandt F, Lin SH, Lin CC, Chang JH, Hsu CH, Lee MD, Lin SP, Tsai JD. Galloway-Mowat syndrome in Taiwan: OSGEP mutation and unique clinical phenotype. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2018; 13:226. [PMID: 30558655 PMCID: PMC6296068 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-018-0961-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Galloway-Mowat syndrome (GAMOS) is a rare autosomal recessive disease characterized by the combination of glomerulopathy with early-onset nephrotic syndrome and microcephaly with central nervous system anomalies. Given its clinical heterogeneity, GAMOS is believed to be a genetically heterogenous group of disorders. Recently, it has been reported that mutations in KEOPS-encoding genes, including the OSGEP gene, were responsible for GAMOS. Results Overall, 6 patients from 5 different Taiwanese families were included in our study; the patients had an identical OSGEP gene mutation (c.740G > A transition) and all exhibited a uniform clinical phenotype with early-onset nephrotic syndrome, craniofacial and skeletal dysmorphism, primary microcephaly with pachygyria, and death before 2 years of age. We reviewed their clinical manifestations, the prenatal and postnatal presentations and ultrasound findings, results of imaging studies, associated anomalies, and outcome on follow-up. All individuals were found to have an “aged face” comprising peculiar facial dysmorphisms. Arachnodactyly or camptodactyly were noted in all patients. Neurological findings consisted of microcephaly, hypotonia, developmental delay, and seizures. Brain imaging studies all showed pachygyria and hypomyelination. All patients developed early-onset nephrotic syndrome. The proteinuria was steroid-resistant and eventually resulted in renal function impairment. Prenatal ultrasound findings included microcephaly, intrauterine growth restriction, and oligohydramnios. Fetal MRI in 2 patients confirmed the gyral and myelin abnormalities. Conclusions Our study suggests that a careful review of the facial features can provide useful clues for an early and accurate diagnosis. Prenatal ultrasound findings, fetal MRI, genetic counseling, and mutation analysis may be useful for an early prenatal diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Yi Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, MacKay Children's Hospital, No. 92, Sec. 2, Chung-Shan North Road, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Min-Hua Tseng
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Martin Zenker
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Jia Rao
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Friedhelm Hildebrandt
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shih-Hua Lin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chen Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, MacKay Children's Hospital, No. 92, Sec. 2, Chung-Shan North Road, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,MacKay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Hsing Chang
- Department of Pediatrics, MacKay Children's Hospital, No. 92, Sec. 2, Chung-Shan North Road, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chyong-Hsin Hsu
- Department of Pediatrics, MacKay Children's Hospital, No. 92, Sec. 2, Chung-Shan North Road, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Dar Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Hsinchu MacKay Memorial Hospital, Hsinchu City, Taiwan
| | - Shuan-Pei Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, MacKay Children's Hospital, No. 92, Sec. 2, Chung-Shan North Road, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan. .,Department of Pediatric Genetics, MacKay Children's Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Jeng-Daw Tsai
- Department of Pediatrics, MacKay Children's Hospital, No. 92, Sec. 2, Chung-Shan North Road, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan. .,Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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18
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Braun DA, Shril S, Sinha A, Schneider R, Tan W, Ashraf S, Hermle T, Jobst-Schwan T, Widmeier E, Majmundar AJ, Daga A, Warejko JK, Nakayama M, Schapiro D, Chen J, Airik M, Rao J, Schmidt JM, Hoogstraten CA, Hugo H, Meena J, Lek M, Laricchia KM, Bagga A, Hildebrandt F. Mutations in WDR4 as a new cause of Galloway-Mowat syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2018; 176:2460-2465. [PMID: 30079490 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.40489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Galloway-Mowat syndrome (GAMOS) is a phenotypically heterogeneous disorder characterized by neurodevelopmental defects combined with renal-glomerular disease, manifesting with proteinuria. To identify additional monogenic disease causes, we here performed whole exome sequencing (WES), linkage analysis, and homozygosity mapping in three affected siblings of an Indian family with GAMOS. Applying established criteria for variant filtering, we identify a novel homozygous splice site mutation in the gene WDR4 as the likely disease-causing mutation in this family. In line with previous reports, we observe growth deficiency, microcephaly, developmental delay, and intellectual disability as phenotypic features resulting from WDR4 mutations. However, the newly identified allele additionally gives rise to proteinuria and nephrotic syndrome, a phenotype that was never reported in patients with WDR4 mutations. Our data thus expand the phenotypic spectrum of WDR4 mutations by demonstrating that, depending on the specific mutated allele, a renal phenotype may be present. This finding suggests that GAMOS may occupy a phenotypic spectrum with other microcephalic diseases. Furthermore, WDR4 is an additional example of a gene that encodes a tRNA modifying enzyme and gives rise to GAMOS, if mutated. Our findings thereby support the recent observation that, like neurons, podocytes of the renal glomerulus are particularly vulnerable to cellular defects resulting from altered tRNA modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela A Braun
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shirlee Shril
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Aditi Sinha
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ronen Schneider
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Weizhen Tan
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shazia Ashraf
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tobias Hermle
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tilman Jobst-Schwan
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Eugen Widmeier
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Amar J Majmundar
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ankana Daga
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jillian K Warejko
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Makiko Nakayama
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David Schapiro
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Merlin Airik
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jia Rao
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Charlotte A Hoogstraten
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hannah Hugo
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jitendra Meena
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Monkol Lek
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Kristen M Laricchia
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Arvind Bagga
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Friedhelm Hildebrandt
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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19
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Hyun HS, Kim SH, Park E, Cho MH, Kang HG, Lee HS, Miyake N, Matsumoto N, Tsukaguchi H, Cheong HI. A familial case of Galloway-Mowat syndrome due to a novel TP53RK mutation: a case report. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2018; 19:131. [PMID: 30053862 PMCID: PMC6063015 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-018-0649-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Galloway-Mowat syndrome (GAMOS) is a rare hereditary renal-neurological disease characterized by early-onset steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome in combination with microcephaly and brain anomalies. Recently, novel causative mutations for this disease have been identified in the genes encoding the four KEOPS subunits: OSGEP, TP53RK, TPRKB, and LAGE3. CASE PRESENTATION We detected a novel homozygous TP53RK mutation (NM_033550, c.194A > T, p.Lys65Met) using whole exome sequencing in a familial case of GAMOS with three affected siblings. All three patients manifested similar phenotypes, including very early-onset nephrotic syndrome (8 days, 1 day, and 1 day after birth, respectively), microcephaly, dysmorphic faces, and early fatality (10 months, 21 days, and 25 days of age, respectively). One patient also showed hiatal hernia with gastric volvulus. Renal biopsy performed on one patient revealed focal segmental glomerulosclerosis with severe tubulo-interstitial changes. CONCLUSION We report on a familial case of GAMOS with three affected siblings carrying a novel homozygous TP53RK mutation. To our knowledge, this is only the second report on GAMOS in association with a TP53RK mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Sun Hyun
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, 101 Daehak-Ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
| | - Seong Heon Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Pusan National University Children's Hospital, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Eujin Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, 101 Daehak-Ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
| | - Myung Hyun Cho
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, 101 Daehak-Ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
| | - Hee Gyung Kang
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, 101 Daehak-Ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea.,Research Coordination Center for Rare Diseases, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun Soon Lee
- Renal Pathology Lab, Hankook Kidney and Diabetes Institute, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Noriko Miyake
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Naomichi Matsumoto
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Tsukaguchi
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hae Il Cheong
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, 101 Daehak-Ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea. .,Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea. .,Kidney Research Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
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Al-Rakan MA, Abothnain MD, Alrifai MT, Alfadhel M. Extending the ophthalmological phenotype of Galloway-Mowat syndrome with distinct retinal dysfunction: a report and review of ocular findings. BMC Ophthalmol 2018; 18:147. [PMID: 29929488 PMCID: PMC6013877 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-018-0820-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Galloway-Mowat syndrome (GMS) is a rare autosomal recessive condition first described in 1968 and characterized by microcephaly and infantile onset of central nervous system (CNS) abnormalities resulting in severely delayed psychomotor development, cerebellar atrophy, epilepsy, and ataxia, as well as renal abnormalities such as nephrotic syndrome, proteinuria, end-stage renal disease (ESRD), and hiatal hernia. Case presentation We describe a GMS case diagnosed with homozygous missense mutation in the WDR73 gene, with absence of renal abnormalities. We expanded the clinical phenotype of GMS with WDR73 gene defect to include retinal dysfunction with missense mutation and developmental dysplasia of the hip. We compared eye findings of our case to previously reported cases, and we present an electroretinogram (ERG) picture for the first time in the literature. Conclusion We recommend that clinicians screen patients with GM syndrome for retinal dysfunction and that a skeletal survey should be done to detect developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) so as to provide for early intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha A Al-Rakan
- Deapartment of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manal D Abothnain
- Deapartment of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad T Alrifai
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, King Abdullah Specialized Children's Hospital, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs (NGHA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majid Alfadhel
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, King Abdullah Specialized Children Hospital, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs (NGHA), PO Box 22490, Riyadh, 11426, Saudi Arabia.
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21
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Mathiowetz AJ, Baple E, Russo AJ, Coulter AM, Carrano E, Brown JD, Jinks RN, Crosby AH, Campellone KG. An Amish founder mutation disrupts a PI(3)P-WHAMM-Arp2/3 complex-driven autophagosomal remodeling pathway. Mol Biol Cell 2017; 28:2492-2507. [PMID: 28720660 PMCID: PMC5597322 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e17-01-0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Actin nucleation factors function to organize, shape, and move membrane-bound organelles, yet they remain poorly defined in relation to disease. Galloway-Mowat syndrome (GMS) is an inherited disorder characterized by microcephaly and nephrosis resulting from mutations in the WDR73 gene. This core clinical phenotype appears frequently in the Amish, where virtually all affected individuals harbor homozygous founder mutations in WDR73 as well as the closely linked WHAMM gene, which encodes a nucleation factor. Here we show that patient cells with both mutations exhibit cytoskeletal irregularities and severe defects in autophagy. Reintroduction of wild-type WHAMM restored autophagosomal biogenesis to patient cells, while inactivation of WHAMM in healthy cell lines inhibited lipidation of the autophagosomal protein LC3 and clearance of ubiquitinated protein aggregates. Normal WHAMM function involved binding to the phospholipid PI(3)P and promoting actin nucleation at nascent autophagosomes. These results reveal a cytoskeletal pathway controlling autophagosomal remodeling and illustrate several molecular processes that are perturbed in Amish GMS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa J Mathiowetz
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269
| | - Emma Baple
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, RILD Wellcome Wolfson Centre, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Ashley J Russo
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269
| | - Alyssa M Coulter
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269
| | - Eric Carrano
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269
| | - Judith D Brown
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269
| | - Robert N Jinks
- Department of Biology and Biological Foundations of Behavior Program, Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, PA 17604
| | - Andrew H Crosby
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, RILD Wellcome Wolfson Centre, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Kenneth G Campellone
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, RILD Wellcome Wolfson Centre, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
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22
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Rosti RO, Sotak BN, Bielas SL, Bhat G, Silhavy JL, Aslanger AD, Altunoglu U, Bilge I, Tasdemir M, Yzaguirrem AD, Musaev D, Infante S, Thuong W, Marin-Valencia I, Nelson SF, Kayserili H, Gleeson JG. Homozygous mutation in NUP107 leads to microcephaly with steroid-resistant nephrotic condition similar to Galloway-Mowat syndrome. J Med Genet 2017; 54:399-403. [PMID: 28280135 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2016-104237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microcephaly with nephrotic syndrome is a rare co-occurrence, constituting the Galloway-Mowat syndrome (GAMOS), caused by mutations in WDR73 (OMIM: 616144). However, not all patients harbour demonstrable WDR73 deleterious variants, suggesting that there are other yet unidentified factors contributing to GAMOS aetiology. METHODS Autozygosity mapping and candidate analysis was used to identify deleterious variants in consanguineous families. Analysis of patient fibroblasts was used to study splicing and alterations in cellular function. RESULTS In two consanguineous families with five affected individuals from Turkey with a GAMOS-like presentation, we identified a shared homozygous variant leading to partial exon 4 skipping in nucleoporin, 107-KD (NUP107). The founder mutation was associated with concomitant reduction in NUP107 protein and in the obligate binding partner NUP133 protein, as well as density of nuclear pores in patient cells. CONCLUSION Recently, NUP107 was suggested as a candidate in a family with nephrotic syndrome and developmental delay. Other NUP107-reported cases had isolated renal phenotypes. With the addition of these individuals, we implicate an allele-specific critical role for NUP107 in the regulation of brain growth and a GAMOS-like presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasim Ozgur Rosti
- Laboratory for Pediatric Brain Disease, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Bethany N Sotak
- Laboratory for Pediatric Brain Disease, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Stephanie L Bielas
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Gifty Bhat
- Laboratory for Pediatric Brain Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA.,Division of Pediatric Genetics
, The Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Bronx, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Jennifer L Silhavy
- Laboratory for Pediatric Brain Disease, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | | | - Umut Altunoglu
- Department Medical Genetics, Istanbul University, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ilmay Bilge
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Koç University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Tasdemir
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Koç University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Amanda D Yzaguirrem
- Laboratory for Pediatric Brain Disease, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Damir Musaev
- Laboratory for Pediatric Brain Disease, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Sofia Infante
- Laboratory for Pediatric Brain Disease, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Whitney Thuong
- Laboratory for Pediatric Brain Disease, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Isaac Marin-Valencia
- Laboratory for Pediatric Brain Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Stanley F Nelson
- Program in Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Hulya Kayserili
- Department of Medical Genetics, Koç University Hospital, Istanbul 34010, Turkey.,Department of Medical Genetics, Koç University, School of Medicine (KUSoM), Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Joseph G Gleeson
- Laboratory for Pediatric Brain Disease, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.,Laboratory for Pediatric Brain Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
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23
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Jiang C, Gai N, Zou Y, Zheng Y, Ma R, Wei X, Liang D, Wu L. WDR73 missense mutation causes infantile onset intellectual disability and cerebellar hypoplasia in a consanguineous family. Clin Chim Acta 2017; 464:24-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2016.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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