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Wahdini SI, Idamatussilmi F, Pramanasari R, Prawoto AN, Wungu CDK, Putri IL, Gunadi. Genotype-phenotype associations in microtia: a systematic review. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2024; 19:152. [PMID: 38594752 PMCID: PMC11003020 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-024-03142-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microtia is a congenital ear malformation that can occur as isolated microtia or as part of a syndrome. The etiology is currently poorly understood, although there is strong evidence that genetics has a role in the occurrence of microtia. This systematic review aimed to determine the genes involved and the abnormalities in microtia patients' head and neck regions. METHODS We used seven search engines to search all known literature on the genetic and phenotypic variables associated with the development or outcome of microtia. The identified publications were screened and selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria and assessed for methodological quality using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal tools. We found 40 papers in this systematic review with phenotypic data in microtia involving 1459 patients and 30 articles containing genetic data involved in microtia. RESULT The most common accompanying phenotype of all microtia patients was external ear canal atresia, while the most common head and neck abnormalities were the auricular, mental, and oral regions. The most common syndrome found was craniofacial microsomia syndrome. In the syndromic microtia group, the most common genes were TCOF1 (43.75%), SIX2 (4.69%), and HSPA9 (4.69%), while in the non-syndromic microtia group, the most frequently found gene was GSC exon 2 (25%), FANCB (16.67%), HOXA2 (8.33%), GSC exon 3 (8.33%), MARS1 (8.33%), and CDT1 (8.33%). CONCLUSIONS Our systematic review shows some genes involved in the microtia development, including TCOF1, SIX2, HSPA9, GSC exon 2, FANCB, HOXA2, GSC exon 3, MARS1, and CDT1 genes. We also reveal a genotype-phenotype association in microtia. In addition, further studies with more complete and comprehensive data are needed, including patients with complete data on syndromes, phenotypes, and genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Isya Wahdini
- Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada /Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Fina Idamatussilmi
- Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada /Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Rachmaniar Pramanasari
- Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga University/Airlangga University Hospital, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Almas Nur Prawoto
- Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga University/Airlangga University Hospital, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Citrawati Dyah Kencono Wungu
- Department of Physiology and Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Indri Lakhsmi Putri
- Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga University/Airlangga University Hospital, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Gunadi
- Pediatric Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Genetics Working Group/Translational Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada/Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Jl. Kesehatan No. 1, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia.
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Thomas MA, Bedard T, Crawford S, Grevers X, Lowry RB. Craniofacial Microsomia, Associated Congenital Anomalies, and Risk Factors in 63 Cases from the Alberta Congenital Anomalies Surveillance System. J Pediatr 2023; 261:113528. [PMID: 37268037 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2023.113528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report associated congenital anomalies with unexplained craniofacial microsomia (CFM) and the phenotypic overlap with other recurrent constellations of embryonic malformations (RCEM), and to assess prenatal and perinatal risk factors. STUDY DESIGN This is a retrospective cross-sectional study. Cases with CFM, delivered between January 1, 1997, and December 31, 2019, were abstracted from the population-based Alberta Congenital Anomalies Surveillance System. Livebirths, stillbirths, and early fetal losses were reviewed to include all types of pregnancy outcomes along the spectrum of this condition. Prenatal and perinatal risk factors were compared with the Alberta birth population to assess differences between the 2 groups. RESULTS There were 63 cases with CFM, yielding a frequency of 1 per 16 949. There was a high rate of cases (65%) with anomalies outside the craniofacial and vertebral regions. Congenital heart defects were the most common (33.3%). A single umbilical artery was found in 12.7% of cases. The twin/triplet rate of 12.7% was significantly higher than the Alberta rate of 3.3% (P < .0001). There was an overlap with a second RCEM condition in 9.5% of cases. CONCLUSIONS Although CFM is primarily a craniofacial condition, the majority of cases have congenital anomalies affecting other systems requiring additional assessments, including an echocardiogram, renal ultrasound examination, and a complete vertebral radiograph. The high rate of an associated single umbilical artery raises the possibility of a related etiological mechanism. Our findings support the proposed concept of RCEM conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Ann Thomas
- Alberta Congenital Anomalies Surveillance System, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Departments of Pediatrics and Medical Genetics, University of Calgary and Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Tanya Bedard
- Alberta Congenital Anomalies Surveillance System, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Susan Crawford
- Alberta Perinatal Health Program, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Xin Grevers
- Alberta Congenital Anomalies Surveillance System, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - R Brian Lowry
- Alberta Congenital Anomalies Surveillance System, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Departments of Pediatrics and Medical Genetics, University of Calgary and Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Spineli-Silva S, Monlleó IL, Félix TM, Gil-da-Silva-Lopes VL, Vieira TP. Overlapping Spectrum of Craniofacial Microsomia Phenotype in Cat-Eye Syndrome. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2023:10556656231174435. [PMID: 37183441 DOI: 10.1177/10556656231174435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
This study reports three patients with Cat-eye Syndrome (CES), two of which present a previous clinical diagnosis of Craniofacial microsomia (CFM). Chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) revealed a tetrasomy of 1,7 Mb at the 22q11.2q11.21 region, which is the typical region triplicated in the CES, in all patients. The most frequent craniofacial features found in individuals with CFM and CES are preauricular tags and/or pits and mandibular hypoplasia. We reinforce that the candidate genes for CFM features, particularly ear malformation, preauricular tags/pits, and facial asymmetry, can be in the proximal region of the 22q11.2 region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Spineli-Silva
- Laboratory of Human Cytogenetics and Cytogenomics, Department of Translational Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Isabella L Monlleó
- Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
- Clinical Genetics Service, University Hospital, Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Têmis M Félix
- Medical Genetics Service, Clinical Hospital of Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Vera L Gil-da-Silva-Lopes
- Laboratory of Human Cytogenetics and Cytogenomics, Department of Translational Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Társis P Vieira
- Laboratory of Human Cytogenetics and Cytogenomics, Department of Translational Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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Exploration of Novel Genetic Evidence and Clinical Significance Into Hemifacial Microsomia Pathogenesis. J Craniofac Surg 2023; 34:834-838. [PMID: 36745106 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000009167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The authors browsed through past genetic findings in hemifacial microsomia along with our previously identified mutations in ITGB4 and PDE4DIP from whole genome sequencing of hemifacial microsomia patients. Wondering whether these genes influence mandibular bone modeling by regulation on osteogenesis, the authors approached mechanisms of hemifacial microsomia through this investigation into gene knockdown effects in vitro. MC3T3E1 cells were divided into 5 groups: the negative control group without osteogenesis induction or siRNA, the positive control group with only osteogenesis induction, and 3 gene silenced groups with both osteogenesis induction and siRNA. Validation of transfection was through fluorescence microscopy and quantitative real-time Polymerase chain reaction on knockdown efficiency. Changes in expression levels of the 3 genes during osteogenesis and impact of Itgb4 and Pde4dip knockdown on osteogenesis were examined by quantitative real-time Polymerase chain reaction, alkaline phosphatase, and alizarin red staining. Elevation of osteogenic genes Alpl, Col1a1, Bglap, Spp1, and Runx2 verified successful osteogenesis. Both genes were upregulated under osteogenic induction, while they had different trends over time. Intracellular fluorophores under microscope validated successful transfection and si-m-Itgb4_003, si-m-Pde4dip_002 had satisfactory knockdown effects. During osteogenesis, Pde4dip knockdown enhanced Spp1 expression (1.95±0.13 folds, P =0.045). The authors speculated that these genes may have different involvements in osteogenesis. Stimulated expression of Spp1 by Pde4dip knockdown may suggest that Pde4dip inhibits osteogenesis.
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Lu Y, Shen L, Zheng Y, Zhang H, Liu Y, Qi M, Huang S, Shen B. A Chinese family with cat eye syndrome and abnormality of eye movement: First case report. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1145183. [PMID: 37114001 PMCID: PMC10126520 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1145183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cat eye syndrome (CES) is a rare disease with a wide spectrum of phenotypic variability that is observed in 1:150,000 newborns. CES is characterized clinically by the combination of iris coloboma, anal atresia, and preauricular tags and/or pits. Many eye malformations have been reported to be associated with CES, such as iris and chorioretinal coloboma. However, an abnormality of eye movement has not been previously reported. Case presentation We report on a Chinese family carrying a 22q11.1-q11.21 duplication of 1.7Mb tetrasomy (chr22:16,500,000-18,200,000, hg38) in two generations. Based on the proband and her father's clinical manifestations, including ophthalmological examination, cytogenetic analysis, FISH, CNV-seq, and WES, the diagnosis of CES with an abnormality of eye movement was made. Conclusion Our findings broadened the symptom spectrum of CES syndrome and laid the foundation for pathogenesis, diagnostic targets, and drug research on the abnormality of eye movement, and were helpful for early diagnosis and intervention of CES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Lu
- Health Clinic Center for Enze Precision Medicine, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, China
| | - Liping Shen
- Health Clinic Center for Enze Precision Medicine, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, China
| | - Yue Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, China
| | - Haichen Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yanbo Liu
- Clinical Genome Center, DIAN Diagnostics, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ming Qi
- Clinical Genome Center, DIAN Diagnostics, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Shangzhi Huang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Shen
- Health Clinic Center for Enze Precision Medicine, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, China
- Correspondence: Bo Shen
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Expanding the Etiology of Oculo-Auriculo-Vertebral Spectrum: A Novel Interstitial Microdeletion at 1p36. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010036. [PMID: 36613479 PMCID: PMC9820115 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The etiology of oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum (OAVS) is not well established. About half of patients show a positive family history. The etiology of familiar cases is unclear but appears genetically heterogeneous. This motivated us to report a case of OAVS with microtia, ptosis, facial microsomy, and fusion of vertebral bodies associated with a novel genetic etiology, including a deletion at 1p36.12-13. This case report expands on the genetic etiology of OAVS. Furthermore, it also expands the clinical manifestations of patients with interstitial deletions of the de 1p36.12-13 region.
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Mary L, Lavillaureix A, Perrot A, Loget P, Launay E, Leborgne AS, Demurger F, Fradin M, Le Bouar G, Quélin C, Dubourg C, Pasquier L, Odent S, Belaud-Rotureau MA, Jaillard S. Prenatal phenotype of 22q11 micro-duplications: A systematic review and report on 12 new cases. Eur J Med Genet 2022; 65:104422. [PMID: 35026468 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2022.104422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The 22q11 region is prone to generating recurring Copy Number Variations (CNVs) as a result of the large numbers of Low Copy Repeats (LCRs). Typical duplications encompass the LCR-A-to-D region but atypical duplications of various sizes have also been reported. These duplications are responsible for highly variable phenotypes with incomplete penetrance and expressivity, which is challenging for adequate genetic counselling, especially in the prenatal period. To better delineate prenatal phenotypes associated with these CNVs, we report here a clinical and molecular description of twelve cases (9 foetuses and 3 deceased new-borns babies) carrying recurrent 22q11 duplications (diagnosed via aCGH), along with a review of the existing literature. 22q11 duplications were inherited from an apparently healthy parent in almost 60% of the cases. Other CNVs were diagnosed for 8% of the cases. Increased nuchal translucency and cardiac anomalies (CHD) were the most prominent phenotypes observed, along with mild renal and skeletal anomalies. Duplications encompassing the LCR-C-to-D region (and the CRKL gene) seemed more likely to generate CHDs and renal malformations. Cleft lip/palate were observed in foetuses with duplications encompassing the LCR-A-to-B region or the SPECC1L gene, as previously suggested. However, genotype-phenotype correlations remain difficult to ascertain. Second-hit point variants, epigenetic or environmental variations could play a role in the phenotypic variability of 22q11 duplications, but remain a challenge for assessment in the short period of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Mary
- Service de Cytogénétique et Biologie Cellulaire, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France; INSERM, EHESP, IRSET - UMR_S, 1085, Université Rennes 1, Rennes, France.
| | - Alinoë Lavillaureix
- Service de Génétique Clinique, CHU Rennes, CLAD Ouest, Rennes, France; ERN ITHACA, Hôpital Sud Rennes France, Université de Rennes, CNRS, IGDR, UMR 6290, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Adélie Perrot
- Service de Cytogénétique et Biologie Cellulaire, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Philippe Loget
- Service d'Anatomie Pathologique, Hôpital Pontchaillou, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Erika Launay
- Service de Cytogénétique et Biologie Cellulaire, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France
| | | | | | - Mélanie Fradin
- Service de Génétique Clinique, CHU Rennes, CLAD Ouest, Rennes, France
| | - Gwenaelle Le Bouar
- Unité de Médecine fœtale, Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Chloé Quélin
- Service de Génétique Clinique, CHU Rennes, CLAD Ouest, Rennes, France; Service d'Anatomie Pathologique, Hôpital Pontchaillou, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Christèle Dubourg
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire et Génomique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, Rennes, 35033, France
| | - Laurent Pasquier
- Service de Génétique Clinique, CHU Rennes, CLAD Ouest, Rennes, France; ERN ITHACA, Hôpital Sud Rennes France, Université de Rennes, CNRS, IGDR, UMR 6290, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Sylvie Odent
- Service de Génétique Clinique, CHU Rennes, CLAD Ouest, Rennes, France; ERN ITHACA, Hôpital Sud Rennes France, Université de Rennes, CNRS, IGDR, UMR 6290, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Marc-Antoine Belaud-Rotureau
- Service de Cytogénétique et Biologie Cellulaire, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France; INSERM, EHESP, IRSET - UMR_S, 1085, Université Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | - Sylvie Jaillard
- Service de Cytogénétique et Biologie Cellulaire, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France; INSERM, EHESP, IRSET - UMR_S, 1085, Université Rennes 1, Rennes, France
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Li W, Huang W, Wu K, Long Y. Yippee Like 1 Suppresses Glioma Progression and Serves as a Novel Prognostic Factor. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2022; 256:141-150. [DOI: 10.1620/tjem.256.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weimin Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Suining Central Hospital
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Suining Central Hospital
| | - Ke Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xichang People’s Hospital
| | - Yong Long
- Department of Neurosurgery, Suining Central Hospital
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Si N, Zhang Z, Huang X, Wang C, Guo P, Pan B, Jiang H. De novo 22q11.2 deletions and auricular findings in two Chinese patients with microtia. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2021; 10:e1862. [PMID: 34971493 PMCID: PMC8801138 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital microtia is a common craniofacial malformation resulting from both environmental and genetic factors. Recurrent chromosomal imbalances were observed in patients with microtia. The 22q11.2 deletion is one of the most common microdeletions in human beings. The cell division cycle 45 gene (CDC45) embedded in the proximal 22q11.2 deleted region is involved in craniofacial development. However, only a few studies have focused on the 22q11.2 deletion as genetic etiology in microtia patients and studied its associated external ear deformity characteristics in detail. METHODS In this research, a total of 65 patients from north China with sporadic microtia were studied. Copy number variations of CDC45 were screened using AccuCopy assay. The 22q11.2 deletion harboring CDC45 was identified by whole-genome sequencing and targeted next-generation sequencing. A parental test was carried out to determine the origin of the deletion. RESULTS CDC45 copy number loss was identified in two patients with microtia. A set of qPCR assays demonstrated two patients carried a typical proximal 22q11.2 deletion between the low-copy repeats on chromosome 22q11.2 (LCR22A and LCR22D), encompassing CDC45. The 22q11.2 deletions were de novo in each patient. In-depth auricular phenotype assessment showed these two patients have a distinct concha-type ear malformation while other microtia patients have lobule-type microtia among the 65 microtia patient cohort in this study. CONCLUSION Here we present two additional Chinese microtia patients with de novo 22q11.2 proximal deletion harboring CDC45 and further report these patients' distinct ear malformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuo Si
- Plastic Surgery Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Zeya Zhang
- Plastic Surgery Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Plastic Surgery Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Chanchen Wang
- Plastic Surgery Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Peipei Guo
- Plastic Surgery Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Pan
- Plastic Surgery Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Haiyue Jiang
- Plastic Surgery Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
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Glaeser AB, Diniz BL, Santos AS, Guaraná BB, Muniz VF, Carlotto BS, Everling EM, Noguchi PY, Garcia AR, Miola J, Riegel M, Mergener R, Gazzola Zen PR, Machado Rosa RF. A child with cat-eye syndrome and oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum phenotype: A discussion around molecular cytogenetic findings. Eur J Med Genet 2021; 64:104319. [PMID: 34474176 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2021.104319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Cat eye syndrome (CES) is a rare chromosomal disorder that may be evident at birth. A small supernumerary chromosome is present, frequently has 2 centromeres, is bisatellited, and represents an inv dup(22)(q11) in those affected. It's known that the 22q11 region is associated with disorders involving higher and lower gene dosages. Conditions such as CES, 22q11 microduplication syndrome (Dup22q11) and oculoauriculovertebral spectrum phenotype (OAVS) may share genes belonging to this same region, which is known to have a predisposition to chromosomal rearrangements. The conditions, besides being related to chromosome 22, also share similar phenotypes. Here we have added a molecular evaluation update and results found of the first patient described with CES and OAVS phenotype, trying to explain the potential mechanism involved in the occurrence of this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andressa Barreto Glaeser
- Graduate Program in Pathology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Bruna Lixinski Diniz
- Graduate Program in Pathology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Bianca Soares Carlotto
- Graduate Program in Pathology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Juliana Miola
- Graduation in Medicine, UFCSPA, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Mariluce Riegel
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Rafaella Mergener
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Paulo Ricardo Gazzola Zen
- Graduate Program in Pathology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Genetics, UFCSPA and Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto Alegre (ISCMPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Rafael Fabiano Machado Rosa
- Graduate Program in Pathology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Genetics, UFCSPA and Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto Alegre (ISCMPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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