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Verbesselt J, Walsh LK, Mitchel MW, Taylor CM, Finucane BM, Breckpot J, Zink I, Swillen A. Association of behavioural and social-communicative profiles in children with 16p11.2 copy number variants: a multi-site study. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH : JIDR 2024. [PMID: 38657658 DOI: 10.1111/jir.13141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the established knowledge that recurrent copy number variants (CNVs) at the 16p11.2 locus BP4-BP5 confer risk for behavioural and language difficulties, limited research has been conducted on the association between behavioural and social-communicative profiles. The current study aims to further delineate the prevalence, nature and severity of, and the association between, behavioural and social-communicative features of school-aged children with 16p11.2 deletion syndrome (16p11.2DS) and 16p11.2 duplication (16p11.2Dup). METHODS A total of 68 individuals (n = 47 16p11.2DS and n = 21 16p11.2Dup) aged 6-17 years participated. Standardised intelligence tests were administered, and behavioural and social-communicative skills were assessed by standardised questionnaires. Scores of both groups were compared with population norms and across CNVs. The influence of confounding factors was investigated, and correlation analyses were performed. RESULTS Compared with the normative sample, children with 16p11.2DS showed high rates of social responsiveness (67%) and communicative problems (69%), while approximately half (52%) of the patients displayed behavioural problems. Children with 16p11.2Dup demonstrated even higher rates of social-communicative problems (80-90%) with statistically significantly more externalising and overall behavioural challenges (89%). In both CNV groups, there was a strong positive correlation between behavioural and social-communicative skills. CONCLUSIONS School-aged children with 16p11.2 CNVs show high rates of behavioural, social responsiveness and communicative problems compared with the normative sample. These findings point to the high prevalence of autistic traits and diagnoses in these CNV populations. Moreover, there is a high comorbidity between behavioural and social-communicative problems. Patients with difficulties in both domains are vulnerable and need closer clinical follow-up and care.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Verbesselt
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Research Group Experimental Oto-Rhino-Laryngology (ExpORL), Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - L K Walsh
- Autism & Developmental Medicine Institute, Geisinger, Lewisburg, PA, USA
| | - M W Mitchel
- Autism & Developmental Medicine Institute, Geisinger, Lewisburg, PA, USA
| | - C M Taylor
- Autism & Developmental Medicine Institute, Geisinger, Lewisburg, PA, USA
| | - B M Finucane
- Autism & Developmental Medicine Institute, Geisinger, Lewisburg, PA, USA
| | - J Breckpot
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Centre for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - I Zink
- Research Group Experimental Oto-Rhino-Laryngology (ExpORL), Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- MUCLA, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - A Swillen
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Centre for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Gur R, Bearden C, Jacquemont S, Jizi K, Amelsvoort van T, van den Bree M, Vorstman J, Sebat J, Ruparel K, Gallagher R, Swillen A, McClellan E, White L, Crowley T, Giunta V, Kushan L, O'Hora K, Verbesselt J, Vandensande A, Vingerhoets C, van Haelst M, Hall J, Harwood J, Chawner S, Patel N, Palad K, Hong O, Guevara J, Martin CO, Bélanger AM, Scherer S, Bassett A, McDonald-McGinn D, Gur R. Neurocognitive Profiles of 22q11.2 and 16p11.2 Deletions and Duplications. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3393845. [PMID: 38234766 PMCID: PMC10793509 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3393845/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Rare recurrent copy number variants (CNVs) at chromosomal loci 22q11.2 and 16p11.2 are among the most common rare genetic disorders associated with significant risk for neuropsychiatric disorders across the lifespan. Microdeletions and duplications in these loci are associated with neurocognitive deficits, yet there are few studies comparing these groups using the same measures. We address this gap in a prospective international collaboration applying the same computerized neurocognitive assessment. The Penn Computerized Neurocognitive Battery (CNB) was administered in a multi-site study on rare genomic disorders: 22q11.2 deletion (n = 397); 22q11.2 duplication (n = 77); 16p11.2 deletion (n = 94); and 16p11.2 duplication (n = 26). Domains examined include executive functions, episodic memory, complex cognition, social cognition, and sensori-motor speed. Accuracy and speed for each neurocognitive domain were included as dependent measures in a mixed-model repeated measures analysis, with locus (22q11.2, 16p11.2) and copy number (deletion/duplication) as grouping factors and neurocognitive domain as a repeated measures factor, with age and sex as covariates. We also examined correlation with IQ and site effects. We found that 22q11.2 deletions were associated with greater deficits in overall performance accuracy than 22q11.2 duplications, while 16p11.2 duplications were associated with greater deficits than 16p11.2 deletions. Duplications at both loci were associated with reduced speed. Performance profiles differed among the groups with particularly poor performance of 16p11.2 duplication on non-verbal reasoning and social cognition. Average accuracy on the CNB was moderately correlated with Full Scale IQ. No site effects were observed. Deletions and duplications of 22q11.2 and 16p11.2 have varied effects on neurocognition indicating locus specificity, with performance profiles differing among the groups. These profile differences can help inform mechanistic substrates to heterogeneity in presentation and outcome. Future studies could aim to link performance profiles to clinical features and brain function.
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O’Hora KP, Kushan-Wells L, Schleifer CH, Cruz S, Hoftman GD, Jalbrzikowski M, Gur RE, Gur RC, Bearden CE. Distinct neurocognitive profiles and clinical phenotypes associated with copy number variation at the 22q11.2 locus. Autism Res 2023; 16:2247-2262. [PMID: 37997544 PMCID: PMC10872774 DOI: 10.1002/aur.3049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Rare genetic variants that confer large effects on neurodevelopment and behavioral phenotypes can reveal novel gene-brain-behavior relationships relevant to autism. Copy number variation at the 22q11.2 locus offer one compelling example, as both the 22q11.2 deletion (22qDel) and duplication (22qDup) confer increased likelihood of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and cognitive deficits, but only 22qDel confers increased psychosis risk. Here, we used the Penn Computerized Neurocognitive Battery (Penn-CNB) to characterized neurocognitive profiles of 126 individuals: 55 22qDel carriers (MAge = 19.2 years, 49.1% male), 30 22qDup carriers (MAge = 17.3 years, 53.3% male), and 41 typically developing (TD) subjects (MAge = 17.3 years, 39.0% male). We performed linear mixed models to assess group differences in overall neurocognitive profiles, domain scores, and individual test scores. We found all three groups exhibited distinct overall neurocognitive profiles. 22qDel and 22qDup carriers showed significant accuracy deficits across all domains relative to controls (episodic memory, executive function, complex cognition, social cognition, and sensorimotor speed), with 22qDel carriers exhibiting more severe accuracy deficits, particularly in episodic memory. However, 22qDup carriers generally showed greater slowing than 22qDel carriers. Notably, slower social cognition speed was uniquely associated with increased global psychopathology and poorer psychosocial functioning in 22qDup. Compared to TD, 22q11.2 copy number variants (CNV) carriers failed to show age-associated improvements in multiple cognitive domains. Exploratory analyses revealed 22q11.2 CNV carriers with ASD exhibited differential neurocognitive profiles, based on 22q11.2 copy number. These results suggest that there are distinct neurocognitive profiles associated with either a loss or gain of genomic material at the 22q11.2 locus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen P. O’Hora
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Neuroscience Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Leila Kushan-Wells
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Charles H. Schleifer
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Neuroscience Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shayne Cruz
- College of Natural and Agricultural Science, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Gil D. Hoftman
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Maria Jalbrzikowski
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Raquel E. Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania and the Penn-CHOP Lifespan and Brain Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ruben C. Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania and the Penn-CHOP Lifespan and Brain Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Carrie E. Bearden
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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O’Hora KP, Kushan-Wells L, Hoftman GD, Jalbrzikowski M, Gur RC, Gur R, Bearden CE. Distinct Neurocognitive Profiles and Clinical Phenotypes Associated with Copy Number Variation at the 22q11.2 Locus. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.05.12.23289905. [PMID: 37292882 PMCID: PMC10246073 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.12.23289905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Rare genetic variants that confer large effects on neurodevelopment and behavioral phenotypes can reveal novel gene-brain-behavior relationships relevant to autism. Copy number variation at the 22q11.2 locus offer one compelling example, as both the 22q11.2 deletion (22qDel) and duplication (22qDup) confer increased likelihood of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and cognitive deficits, but only 22qDel confers increased psychosis risk. Here, we used the Penn Computerized Neurocognitive Battery (Penn-CNB) to characterized neurocognitive profiles of 126 individuals: 55 22qDel carriers (MAge=19.2 years, 49.1% male), 30 22qDup carriers (MAge=17.3 years, 53.3 % male), and 41 typically developing (TD) subjects (MAge=17.3 years, 39.0 % male). We performed linear mixed models to assess group differences in overall neurocognitive profiles, domain scores, and individual test scores. We found all three groups exhibited distinct overall neurocognitive profiles. 22qDel and 22qDup carriers showed significant accuracy deficits across all domains relative to controls (Episodic Memory, Executive Function, Complex Cognition, Social Cognition, and Sensorimotor Speed), with 22qDel carriers exhibiting more severe accuracy deficits, particularly in Episodic Memory. However, 22qDup carriers generally showed greater slowing than 22qDel carriers. Notably, slower social cognition speed was uniquely associated with increased global psychopathology and poorer psychosocial functioning in 22qDup. Compared to TD, 22q11.2 CNV carriers failed to show age-associated improvements in multiple cognitive domains. Exploratory analyses revealed 22q11.2 CNV carriers with ASD exhibited differential neurocognitive profiles, based on 22q11.2 copy number. These results suggest that there are distinct neurocognitive profiles associated with either a loss or gain of genomic material at the 22q11.2 locus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen P. O’Hora
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Neuroscience Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Leila Kushan-Wells
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Gil D. Hoftman
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Maria Jalbrzikowski
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Raquel C. Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania and the Penn-CHOP Lifespan and Brain Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ruben Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania and the Penn-CHOP Lifespan and Brain Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Carrie E. Bearden
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Verbesselt J, Solot CB, Van Den Heuvel E, Crowley TB, Giunta V, Breckpot J, McDonald-McGinn DM, Zink I, Swillen A. Language Profiles of School-Aged Children with 22q11.2 Copy Number Variants. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:679. [PMID: 36980951 PMCID: PMC10048271 DOI: 10.3390/genes14030679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Although it is known that copy number variants (CNVs) on chromosome 22, such as 22q11.2 deletion (22q11.2DS) and 22q11.2 duplication (22q11.2Dup) syndromes, are associated with higher risk for neurodevelopmental issues, few studies have examined the language skills across 22q11.2Dup nor compared them with the 22q11.2DS. The current study aims to characterize language abilities in school-aged children with 22q11.2Dup (n = 29), compared to age-matched children with 22q11.2DS (n = 29). Standardized language tests were administered, assessing receptive and expressive language skills across different language domains. Results indicate that children with 22q11.2Dup demonstrate significantly more language problems compared to the general population. Mean language skills were not significantly different among children with 22q11.2 CNVs in this cohort. While children with 22q11.2DS demonstrated language difficulties starting at the word level, the most common language problems in children with 22q11.2Dup started at the sentence level. Importantly, both expressive and receptive language as well as lexico-semantic and morphosyntactic domains were impaired in children with 22q11.2 CNVs. Early identification, therapeutic intervention, and follow-up of language impairments in children with 22q11.2Dup are recommended to support language development and to reduce longitudinal impact of language and communicative deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jente Verbesselt
- Department of Human Genetics, Catholic University Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Research Group Experimental Oto-Rhino-Laryngology (ExpORL), Department of Neurosciences, Catholic University Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Cynthia B. Solot
- Center for Childhood Communication, 22q and You Center, Cleft Lip and Palate Program, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ellen Van Den Heuvel
- Centre for Developmental Disorders, University Hospital Brussels, 1090 Jette, Belgium
| | | | - Victoria Giunta
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jeroen Breckpot
- Department of Human Genetics, Catholic University Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Centre for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Donna M. McDonald-McGinn
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Human Biology and Medical Genetics, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Inge Zink
- Research Group Experimental Oto-Rhino-Laryngology (ExpORL), Department of Neurosciences, Catholic University Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- MUCLA, Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ann Swillen
- Department of Human Genetics, Catholic University Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Centre for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Bhattarai D, McGinn DE, Crowley TB, Giunta V, Gaiser K, Zackai EH, Emanuel BS, Heimall J, Jyonouchi S, Lee J, Sun D, McDonald-McGinn DM, Sullivan KE. Immunologic, Molecular, and Clinical Profile of Patients with Chromosome 22q11.2 Duplications. J Clin Immunol 2023; 43:794-807. [PMID: 36735193 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-023-01443-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Duplication of chromosome 22q11.2 due to meiotic non-allelic homologous recombination results in a distinct syndrome, chromosome 22q11.2 duplication syndrome that has some overlapping phenotypic features with the corresponding 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. Literature on immunologic aspects of the duplication syndrome is limited. We conducted a retrospective study of 216 patients with this syndrome to better define the key features of the duplication syndrome. METHODS Single-center retrospective record review was performed. Data regarding demographics, clinical details, and immunological tests were compiled, extracted into a predetermined data collection form, and analyzed. RESULTS This cohort comprised 113 (52.3%) males and 103 (47.7%) females. The majority (54.6%) of mapped duplications were between low copy repeat regions A-D (LCR22A to -D). Though T cell subsets were relatively preserved, switched memory B cells, immunoglobulins, and specific antibodies were each found to be decreased in a subset of the cohort. One-fifth (17/79, 21.5%) of patients had at least 2 low immunoglobulin values, and panhypogammaglobulinemia was found in 11.7% (9/79) cases. Four children were on regular immunoglobulin replacement therapy. Asthma and eczema were the predominant atopic symptoms in our cohort. CONCLUSION Significant immunodeficiencies were observed in our cohort, particularly in B cells and antibodies. Our study expands the current clinical understanding and emphasizes the need of immunological studies and multidisciplinary approaches for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharmagat Bhattarai
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Daniel E McGinn
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - T Blaine Crowley
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Victoria Giunta
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Kimberly Gaiser
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Elaine H Zackai
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Beverly S Emanuel
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Jennifer Heimall
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Soma Jyonouchi
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Juhee Lee
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Di Sun
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Donna M McDonald-McGinn
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Kathleen E Sullivan
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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Zamariolli M, Auwerx C, Sadler MC, van der Graaf A, Lepik K, Schoeler T, Moysés-Oliveira M, Dantas AG, Melaragno MI, Kutalik Z. The impact of 22q11.2 copy-number variants on human traits in the general population. Am J Hum Genet 2023; 110:300-313. [PMID: 36706759 PMCID: PMC9943723 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2023.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
While extensively studied in clinical cohorts, the phenotypic consequences of 22q11.2 copy-number variants (CNVs) in the general population remain understudied. To address this gap, we performed a phenome-wide association scan in 405,324 unrelated UK Biobank (UKBB) participants by using CNV calls from genotyping array. We mapped 236 Human Phenotype Ontology terms linked to any of the 90 genes encompassed by the region to 170 UKBB traits and assessed the association between these traits and the copy-number state of 504 genotyping array probes in the region. We found significant associations for eight continuous and nine binary traits associated under different models (duplication-only, deletion-only, U-shape, and mirror models). The causal effect of the expression level of 22q11.2 genes on associated traits was assessed through transcriptome-wide Mendelian randomization (TWMR), revealing that increased expression of ARVCF increased BMI. Similarly, increased DGCR6 expression causally reduced mean platelet volume, in line with the corresponding CNV effect. Furthermore, cross-trait multivariable Mendelian randomization (MVMR) suggested a predominant role of genuine (horizontal) pleiotropy in the CNV region. Our findings show that within the general population, 22q11.2 CNVs are associated with traits previously linked to genes in the region, and duplications and deletions act upon traits in different fashions. We also showed that gain or loss of distinct segments within 22q11.2 may impact a trait under different association models. Our results have provided new insights to help further the understanding of the complex 22q11.2 region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malú Zamariolli
- Genetics Division, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Chiara Auwerx
- Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland; University Center for Primary Care and Public Health, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marie C Sadler
- Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland; University Center for Primary Care and Public Health, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Kaido Lepik
- Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tabea Schoeler
- Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Anelisa G Dantas
- Genetics Division, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Zoltán Kutalik
- Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland; University Center for Primary Care and Public Health, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Verbesselt J, Van Den Heuvel E, Breckpot J, Zink I, Swillen A. Parent-Reported Social-Communicative Skills of Children with 22q11.2 Copy Number Variants and Siblings. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:1801. [PMID: 36292686 PMCID: PMC9602386 DOI: 10.3390/genes13101801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
22q11.2 deletion (22q11.2DS) and 22q11.2 duplication (22q11.2Dup) confer risk for neurodevelopmental difficulties, but the characterization of speech-language and social skills in 22q11.2Dup is still limited. Therefore, this study aims to delineate social-communicative skills in school-aged children with 22q11.2Dup (n = 19) compared to their non-carrier siblings (n = 11) and age-matched children with 22q11.2DS (n = 19). Parents completed two standardized questionnaires: the Children's Communication Checklist (CCC-2), screening speech, language, and social skills, and the Social Responsiveness Scales (SRS-2), assessing deficits in social behavior. Parents report that both children with 22q11.2Dup and 22q11.2DS show more social-communicative deficits than the general population; children with 22q11.2Dup seem to take an intermediate position between their siblings and children with 22q11.2DS. Compared to 22q11.2DS, they demonstrate less frequent and less severe problems, and more heterogeneous social-communicative profiles, with fewer restricted interests and repetitive behaviors. In siblings of 22q11Dup, milder social-communicative difficulties and equally heterogeneous profiles are reported, which might indicate that-in addition to the duplication-other factors such as the broader genetic context play a role in social-communicative outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jente Verbesselt
- Centre for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ellen Van Den Heuvel
- Centre for Developmental Disorders, University Hospital Brussels, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Jette, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Breckpot
- Centre for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Human Genetics, Catholic University Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Inge Zink
- Research Group Experimental Oto-Rhino-Laryngology (ExpORL), Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- MUCLA, Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ann Swillen
- Centre for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Human Genetics, Catholic University Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Drmic IE, MacKinnon Modi B, McConnell B, Jilderda S, Hoang N, Noor A, Bassett AS, Speevak M, Stavropoulos DJ, Carter MT. Neurodevelopmental functioning in probands and non-proband carriers of 22q11.2 microduplication. Am J Med Genet A 2022; 188:2999-3008. [PMID: 35899837 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Microduplication of the LCR22-A to LCR22-D region on chromosome 22q11.2 is a recurrent copy number variant found in clinical populations undergoing chromosomal microarray, and at lower frequency in controls. Often inherited, there is limited data on intellectual (IQ) and psychological functioning, particularly in those individuals ascertained through a family member rather than because of neurodevelopmental disorders. To investigate the range of cognitive-behavioral phenotypes associated with 22q11.2 duplication, we studied both probands and their non-proband carrier relatives. Twenty-two individuals with 22q11.2 duplication (10 probands, 12 non-proband carriers) were prospectively assessed with a battery of neuropsychological tests, physical examination, and medical record review. Assessment measures with standardized norms included IQ, academic, adaptive, psychiatric, behavioral, and social functioning. IQ and academic skills were within the average range, with a trend toward lower scores in probands versus non-probands. Adaptive skills were within age expectations. Prevalence of attention deficits (probands only) and anxiety (both groups) was high compared with norms. The prevalence of autism spectrum disorder was relatively low (5% of total sample). Assessment of both probands and non-probands with 22q11.2 duplication suggests that the phenotypic spectrum with respect to neurodevelopment overlaps significantly with the general population. IQ and academic abilities are in the average range for most of the individuals with 22q11.2 duplication in our study, regardless of ascertainment as a proband or non-proband relative. Symptoms of attention deficit and anxiety were identified, which require further study. Results of this study further clarify the phenotype of individuals with 22q11.2 duplication, and provides important information for genetic counseling regarding this recurrent copy number variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene E Drmic
- McMaster Children's Hospital Autism Program, Ron Joyce Children's Health Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Beth McConnell
- Autism Research Unit, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sanne Jilderda
- Autism Research Centre, Glenrose Rehabilitation Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ny Hoang
- Autism Research Unit, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Genetic Counselling, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Abdul Noor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Marsha Speevak
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Trillium Health Partners, Credit Valley Site, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dimitri J Stavropoulos
- Genome Diagnostics, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Melissa T Carter
- Regional Genetics Program, The Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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