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Bedei I, Gehrke T, Gloning KP, Meyer-Wittkopf M, Willner D, Krapp M, Scharf A, Degenhardt J, Heling KS, Kozlowski P, Trautmann K, Jahns KM, Geipel A, Baumüller JE, Wilhelm L, Gottschalk I, Schröer A, Graf A, Wolter A, Schenk J, Weber A, Van den Veyver IB, Axt-Fliedner R. Multicenter clinical experience with non-invasive cell-free DNA screening for monosomy X and related X-chromosome variants. Prenat Diagn 2023; 43:192-206. [PMID: 36726284 DOI: 10.1002/pd.6320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate how the presence of fetal anomalies and different X chromosome variants influences Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) screening results for monosomy X. METHODS From a multicenter retrospective survey on 673 pregnancies with prenatally suspected or confirmed Turner syndrome, we analyzed the subgroup for which prenatal cfDNA screening and karyotype results were available. A cfDNA screening result was defined as true positive (TP) when confirmatory testing showed 45,X or an X-chromosome variant. RESULTS We had cfDNA results, karyotype, and phenotype data for 55 pregnancies. cfDNA results were high risk for monosomy X in 48/55, of which 23 were TP and 25 were false positive (FP). 32/48 high-risk cfDNA cases did not show fetal anomalies. Of these, 7 were TP. All were X-chromosome variants. All 16 fetuses with high-risk cfDNA result and ultrasound anomalies were TP. Of fetuses with abnormalities, those with 45,X more often had fetal hydrops/cystic hygroma, whereas those with "variant" karyotypes had different anomalies. CONCLUSION Both, 45,X or X-chromosome variants can be detected after a high-risk cfDNA result for monosomy X. When there are fetal anomalies, the result is more likely a TP. In the absence of fetal anomalies, it is most often an FP or X-chromosome variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivonne Bedei
- Department of Prenatal Medicine and Fetal Therapy, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Tascha Gehrke
- Department of Prenatal Medicine and Fetal Therapy, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | | | | | - Daria Willner
- Center for Prenatal Medicine and Human Genetics, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin Krapp
- Center for Prenatal Medicine on Elbe Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Kai-Sven Heling
- Center for Prenatal Diagnosis and Human Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Kozlowski
- Prenatal Medicine and Genetics Düsseldorf, Praenatal.de, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Kai M Jahns
- Department of Internal Medicine, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Annegret Geipel
- Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | | | - Ingo Gottschalk
- Division of Prenatal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Alexander Graf
- Department of Prenatal Medicine and Fetal Therapy, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Aline Wolter
- Department of Prenatal Medicine and Fetal Therapy, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Johanna Schenk
- Department of Prenatal Medicine and Fetal Therapy, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Axel Weber
- Department of Human Genetics, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Ignatia B Van den Veyver
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Roland Axt-Fliedner
- Department of Prenatal Medicine and Fetal Therapy, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
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Dowlut-McElroy T, Davis S, Howell S, Gutmark-Little I, Bamba V, Prakash S, Patel S, Fadoju D, Vijayakanthi N, Haag M, Hennerich D, Dugoff L, Shankar RK. Cell-free DNA screening positive for monosomy X: clinical evaluation and management of suspected maternal or fetal Turner syndrome. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2022; 227:862-870. [PMID: 35841934 PMCID: PMC9729468 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2022.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Initially provided as an alternative to evaluation of serum analytes and nuchal translucency for the assessment of pregnancies at high risk of trisomy 21, cell-free DNA screening for fetal aneuploidy, also referred to as noninvasive prenatal screening, can now also screen for fetal sex chromosome anomalies such as monosomy X as early as 9 to 10 weeks of gestation. Early identification of Turner syndrome, a sex chromosome anomaly resulting from the complete or partial absence of the second X chromosome, allows medical interventions such as optimizing obstetrical outcomes, hormone replacement therapy, fertility preservation and support, and improved neurocognitive outcomes. However, cell-free DNA screening for sex chromosome anomalies and monosomy X in particular is associated with high false-positive rates and low positive predictive value. A cell-free DNA result positive for monosomy X may represent fetal Turner syndrome, maternal Turner syndrome, or confined placental mosaicism. A positive screen for monosomy X with discordant results of diagnostic fetal karyotype presents unique interpretation and management challenges because of potential implications for previously unrecognized maternal Turner syndrome. The current international consensus clinical practice guidelines for the care of individuals with Turner syndrome throughout the lifespan do not specifically address management of individuals with a cell-free DNA screen positive for monosomy X. This study aimed to provide context and expert-driven recommendations for maternal and/or fetal evaluation and management when cell-free DNA screening is positive for monosomy X. We highlight unique challenges of cell-free DNA screening that is incidentally positive for monosomy X, present recommendations for determining if the result is a true-positive, and discuss when diagnosis of Turner syndrome is applicable to the fetus vs the mother. Whereas we defer the subsequent management of confirmed Turner syndrome to the clinical practice guidelines, we highlight unique considerations for individuals initially identified through cell-free DNA screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tazim Dowlut-McElroy
- Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Department of Surgery, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC.
| | - Shanlee Davis
- eXtraOrdinarY Kids Turner Syndrome Clinic, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO; Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Susan Howell
- eXtraOrdinarY Kids Turner Syndrome Clinic, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO; Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Iris Gutmark-Little
- Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Vaneeta Bamba
- Division of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Siddharth Prakash
- Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Sheetal Patel
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Doris Fadoju
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA
| | - Nandini Vijayakanthi
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA
| | - Mary Haag
- Colorado Genetics Laboratory, Department of Pathology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Deborrah Hennerich
- Colorado Genetics Laboratory, Department of Pathology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Lorraine Dugoff
- Divisions of Reproductive Genetics and Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Roopa Kanakatti Shankar
- Division of Endocrinology, Children's National Hospital, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
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3
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Chen Y, Lu L, Zhang Y, Wang F, Ni Y, Wang Q, Ying C. Clinical application of expanded noninvasive prenatal testing for fetal chromosome abnormalities in a cohort of 39,580 pregnancies. Am J Med Genet A 2022; 188:1426-1434. [PMID: 35107205 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the predictive value of expanded noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT-plus) for fetal chromosome abnormalities in the second trimester (12-26 weeks). We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 39,580 pregnancies with NIPT-plus. Screening positive cases were diagnosed with karyotyping and single-nucleotide polymorphism array analysis (SNP array)/copy number variation sequencing (CNV-seq) with follow-up. The positive predictive values (PPVs) of trisomy 21, 18, and 13 (T21, T18, and T13), sex chromosome aneuploidies (SCAs), and microdeletion and microduplication syndromes (MMS) by NIPT-plus were recorded. We assessed the predictive value of NIPT-plus based on maternal age and conventional indications. Of 39,580 pregnancies with NIPT-plus, 511 (1.3%) had prenatal screening positive results of fetal chromosome abnormality, of which 87.7% (448/511) had invasive prenatal diagnosis. NIPT-plus performed better in predicting fetal SCAs and chromosome aneuploidies for pregnancies with advanced maternal age (AMA) than young maternal age (YMA). Besides, the PPVs of T21, T13, and chromosome aneuploidies showed an upward trend when comparison was based on maternal age in 5-year subintervals. The termination rates of 45,X, 47,XXX, 47,XXY, and 47,XYY were 100% (11/11), 20.0% (3/15), 91.7% (22/24), and 7.1% (1/14) with postnatal follow-up. Last but not least, the PPV for MMS is 41.7% (30/72), which may have a positive correlation between the size of CNVs. Pregnant women with screen-positive results for common trisomies (T13, T18, and T21) were more willing to conduct invasive prenatal diagnosis compared to those with positive results for SCAs or MMS. However, the current study demonstrated SCAs and MMS had the lowest PPV. This highlights the importance of confirmatory prenatal diagnosis in those patients and the potential impact on genetic counseling and informative decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yisheng Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Loukaiyi Lu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feifei Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinghua Ni
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunmei Ying
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Jing X, Liu H, Zhu Q, Liu S, Liu J, Bai T, Deng C, Xia T, Liu Y, Cheng J, Wei X, Xing L, Luo Y, Zhou Q, Chen L, Li L, Wang J. Clinical Selection of Prenatal Diagnostic Techniques Following Positive Noninvasive Prenatal Screening Results in Southwest China. Front Genet 2022; 12:811414. [PMID: 35154255 PMCID: PMC8834880 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.811414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: This study aims to evaluate prenatal diagnosis methods following positive noninvasive prenatal screening (NIPS) results. Methods: According to the positive noninvasive prenatal screening results, 926 pregnant women were divided into three groups: main target disease group (high risk for trisomy 21, trisomy 18, or trisomy 13), sex chromosome aneuploidy (SCA) group, and other chromosomal abnormalities group [abnormal Z-scores for chromosomes other than trisomy (T)21/T18/T13 or SCAs]. The verification methods and results were then retrospectively analysed. Results: In the main target disease group, the positive rate of chromosomal abnormalities confirmed by quantitative fluorescence polymerase chain reaction (QF-PCR) was 75.18% (212/282), which was not significantly different from that by karyotyping (79.36%, 173/218) and copy number variation (CNV) detection methods (71.43%, 65/91). The positive rate of additional findings confirmed by karyotyping and copy number variation detection methods in main target disease group was 0.46% (1/218) and 8.79% (8/91), respectively. The positive rate of chromosomal abnormalities confirmed by karyotyping and CNV detection methods were 27.11% (45/166) and 38.46% (95/247) in the SCA group and 4.17% (1/24) and 20% (36/180) in the other chromosomal abnormalities group, respectively. Fetal sex chromosome mosaicism was detected in 16.13% (20/124) of the confirmed SCA cases. There were no significant differences in the detection rates of chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) and CNV sequencing (CNVseq) among the three groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion: QF-PCR can quickly and accurately identify aneuploidies following NIPS-positive results for common aneuploidy, and in combination with karyotyping and CNV detection techniques can provide more comprehensive results. With the NIPS-positive results for SCA or other abnormalities, CMA and CNVseq may have the same effect on increasing the detection rate. The addition of fluorescence in situ hybridization assay may help to identify true fetal mosaicism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaosha Jing
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongqian Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Hongqian Liu, ; Qian Zhu,
| | - Qian Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Hongqian Liu, ; Qian Zhu,
| | - Sha Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianlong Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ting Bai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Cechuan Deng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tianyu Xia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunyun Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiang Wei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lingling Xing
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuan Luo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Quanfang Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lingping Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiamin Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Cell-Free DNA Screening for Sex Chromosome Abnormalities and Pregnancy Outcomes, 2018-2020: A Retrospective Analysis. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12010048. [PMID: 35055363 PMCID: PMC8780735 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12010048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the efficacy of non-invasive prenatal screening (NIPT) for detecting fetal sex chromosome abnormalities, a total of 639 women carrying sex chromosome abnormalities were selected from 222,107 pregnant women who participated in free NIPT from April 2018 to December 2020. The clinical data, prenatal diagnosis results, and follow-up pregnancy outcomes of participants were collected. The positive predictive value (PPV) was used to analyze the performance of NIPT. Around 235 cases were confirmed with sex chromosome abnormalities, including 229 cases with sex chromosome aneuploidy (45, X (n = 37), 47, XXX (n = 37), 47, XXY (n = 110), 47, XYY (n = 42)) and 6 cases with structural abnormalities. The total incidence rate was 0.11% (235/222,107). The PPV of NIPT was 45.37% (235/518). NIPT accuracy for detecting sex chromosome polysomes was higher than that for sex chromosome monomers. The termination of pregnancy rate for fetal diagnosis of 45, X, and 47, XXY was higher than that of 47, XXX, and 47, XYY. The detection rate of fetal sex chromosome abnormalities was higher in 2018–2020 than in 2010–2012 (χ2 = 69.708, P < 2.2 × 10−16), indicating that NIPT is greatly efficient to detect fetal sex chromosome abnormalities.
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Lai Y, Zhu X, He S, Dong Z, Tang Y, Xu F, Chen Y, Meng L, Tao Y, Yi S, Su J, Huang H, Luo J, Leung TY, Wei H. Performance of Cell-Free DNA Screening for Fetal Common Aneuploidies and Sex Chromosomal Abnormalities: A Prospective Study from a Less Developed Autonomous Region in Mainland China. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:478. [PMID: 33806256 PMCID: PMC8067030 DOI: 10.3390/genes12040478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the performance of noninvasive prenatal screening (NIPS) in the detection of common aneuploidies in a population-based study, a total of 86,262 single pregnancies referred for NIPS were prospectively recruited. Among 86,193 pregnancies with reportable results, follow-up was successfully conducted in 1160 fetuses reported with a high-risk result by NIPS and 82,511 cases (95.7%) with a low-risk result. The screen-positive rate (SPR) of common aneuploidies and sex chromosome abnormalities (SCAs) provided by NIPS were 0.7% (586/83,671) and 0.6% (505/83,671), respectively. The positive predictive values (PPVs) for Trisomy 21, Trisomy 18, Trisomy 13 and SCAs were calculated as 89.7%, 84.0%, 52.6% and 38.0%, respectively. In addition, less rare chromosomal abnormalities, including copy number variants (CNVs), were detected, compared with those reported by NIPS with higher read-depth. Among these rare abnormalities, only 23.2% (13/56) were confirmed by prenatal diagnosis. In total, four common trisomy cases were found to be false negative, resulting in a rate of 0.48/10,000 (4/83,671). In summary, this study conducted in an underdeveloped region with limited support for the new technology development and lack of cost-effective prenatal testing demonstrates the importance of implementing routine aneuploidy screening in the public sector for providing early detection and precise prognostic information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunli Lai
- Birth Defects Prevention and Control Institute of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530000, China; (Y.L.); (S.H.); (Y.T.); (F.X.); (Y.C.); (L.M.); (Y.T.); (S.Y.); (J.S.); (H.H.); (J.L.)
- Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530000, China
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Fetal Diseases, Nanning 530000, China
| | - Xiaofan Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (X.Z.); (Z.D.); (T.Y.L.)
- Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis Center, The First Affiliation Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Sheng He
- Birth Defects Prevention and Control Institute of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530000, China; (Y.L.); (S.H.); (Y.T.); (F.X.); (Y.C.); (L.M.); (Y.T.); (S.Y.); (J.S.); (H.H.); (J.L.)
- Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530000, China
| | - Zirui Dong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (X.Z.); (Z.D.); (T.Y.L.)
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518000, China
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong-Baylor College of Medicine Joint Center for Medical Genetics, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yanqing Tang
- Birth Defects Prevention and Control Institute of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530000, China; (Y.L.); (S.H.); (Y.T.); (F.X.); (Y.C.); (L.M.); (Y.T.); (S.Y.); (J.S.); (H.H.); (J.L.)
- Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530000, China
| | - Fuben Xu
- Birth Defects Prevention and Control Institute of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530000, China; (Y.L.); (S.H.); (Y.T.); (F.X.); (Y.C.); (L.M.); (Y.T.); (S.Y.); (J.S.); (H.H.); (J.L.)
- Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530000, China
| | - Yun Chen
- Birth Defects Prevention and Control Institute of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530000, China; (Y.L.); (S.H.); (Y.T.); (F.X.); (Y.C.); (L.M.); (Y.T.); (S.Y.); (J.S.); (H.H.); (J.L.)
- Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530000, China
| | - Lintao Meng
- Birth Defects Prevention and Control Institute of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530000, China; (Y.L.); (S.H.); (Y.T.); (F.X.); (Y.C.); (L.M.); (Y.T.); (S.Y.); (J.S.); (H.H.); (J.L.)
- Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530000, China
| | - Yuli Tao
- Birth Defects Prevention and Control Institute of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530000, China; (Y.L.); (S.H.); (Y.T.); (F.X.); (Y.C.); (L.M.); (Y.T.); (S.Y.); (J.S.); (H.H.); (J.L.)
- Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530000, China
| | - Shang Yi
- Birth Defects Prevention and Control Institute of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530000, China; (Y.L.); (S.H.); (Y.T.); (F.X.); (Y.C.); (L.M.); (Y.T.); (S.Y.); (J.S.); (H.H.); (J.L.)
- Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530000, China
| | - Jiasun Su
- Birth Defects Prevention and Control Institute of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530000, China; (Y.L.); (S.H.); (Y.T.); (F.X.); (Y.C.); (L.M.); (Y.T.); (S.Y.); (J.S.); (H.H.); (J.L.)
- Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530000, China
| | - Hongqian Huang
- Birth Defects Prevention and Control Institute of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530000, China; (Y.L.); (S.H.); (Y.T.); (F.X.); (Y.C.); (L.M.); (Y.T.); (S.Y.); (J.S.); (H.H.); (J.L.)
- Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530000, China
| | - Jingsi Luo
- Birth Defects Prevention and Control Institute of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530000, China; (Y.L.); (S.H.); (Y.T.); (F.X.); (Y.C.); (L.M.); (Y.T.); (S.Y.); (J.S.); (H.H.); (J.L.)
- Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530000, China
| | - Tak Yeung Leung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (X.Z.); (Z.D.); (T.Y.L.)
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518000, China
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong-Baylor College of Medicine Joint Center for Medical Genetics, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hongwei Wei
- Birth Defects Prevention and Control Institute of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530000, China; (Y.L.); (S.H.); (Y.T.); (F.X.); (Y.C.); (L.M.); (Y.T.); (S.Y.); (J.S.); (H.H.); (J.L.)
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Fetal Diseases, Nanning 530000, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530000, China
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Gravholt CH, Tartaglia N, Disteche C. Sex chromosome aneuploidies in 2020-The state of care and research in the world. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS. PART C, SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS 2020; 184:197-201. [PMID: 32496026 PMCID: PMC7419158 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claus H. Gravholt
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Endocrinology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Nicole Tartaglia
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
- Developmental Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Christine Disteche
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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