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Xu MC, Jeong JS, Chen ZH, Perinpanayagam H, Liu CR, Zhao YS, Wang F, Fang H, Kum KY, Gu Y. Evolutionary trends in human mandibles and dentition from Neolithic to current Chinese. Arch Oral Biol 2022; 142:105512. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2022.105512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Pagano AS, Smith CM, Balzeau A, Márquez S, Laitman JT. Nasopharyngeal morphology contributes to understanding the "muddle in the middle" of the Pleistocene hominin fossil record. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2022; 305:2038-2064. [PMID: 35394685 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The late archeologist Glynn Isaac first applied the term "muddle in the middle" to a poorly understood period in the Middle Pleistocene human fossil record. This study uses the nasopharyngeal boundaries as a source of traits that may inform this unclear period of human evolution. The nasopharynx lies at the nexus of several vital physiological systems, yet relatively little is known about its importance in human evolution. We analyzed a geographically diverse contemporary Homo sapiens growth series (n = 180 adults, 237 nonadults), Homo neanderthalensis (La Chapelle aux Saints 1, La Ferrassie 1, Forbes Quarry 1, Monte Circeo 1, and Saccopastore 1), mid-Pleistocene Homo (Atapuerca 5, Kabwe 1, Petralona 1, and Steinheim 1), and two Homo erectus sensu lato (KNM-ER 3733 and Sangiran 17). Methods include traditional (Analysis 1) and 3D geometric morphometric analysis (Analysis 2). H. erectus exhibited tall, narrow nasopharyngeal shape, a robust, ancestral morphology. Kabwe 1 and Petralona 1 plotted among H. sapiens in Analysis 2, exhibiting relatively shorter and vertical cartilaginous Eustachian tubes and vertical medial pterygoid plates. Atapuerca 5 and Steinheim 1 exhibited horizontal vomeral orientation similar to H. neanderthalensis, indicating greater relative soft palate length and anteroposterior nasopharynx expansion. They may exhibit synapomorphies with H. neanderthalensis, supporting the accretionary hypothesis. Species-level differences were found among H. sapiens and H. neanderthalensis, including relatively longer dilator tubae muscles and extreme facial airorhynchy among Neanderthals. Furthermore, H. neanderthalensis were autapomorphic in exhibiting horizontal pterygoid plate orientation similar to human infants, suggesting that they may have had inferiorly low placement of the torus tubarius and Eustachian tube orifice on the lateral nasopharyngeal wall in life. This study supports use of osseous nasopharyngeal boundaries both for morphological characters and understanding evolution of otitis media susceptibility in living humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony S Pagano
- Department of Medical Sciences, Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Nutley, New Jersey, USA
| | - Christopher M Smith
- Department of Anthropology, CUNY Graduate Center, New York, New York, USA.,New York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology, New York, New York, USA.,Center for Anatomy and Functional Morphology, Icahn School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Antoine Balzeau
- Department de Homme et environnement, Musée de l'Homme-Palais de Chaillot, Paris, France
| | - Samuel Márquez
- Departments of Cell Biology and Otolaryngology, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Jeffrey T Laitman
- Department of Anthropology, CUNY Graduate Center, New York, New York, USA.,New York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology, New York, New York, USA.,Center for Anatomy and Functional Morphology, Icahn School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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Ren HY, Kum KY, Zhao YS, Yoo YJ, Jeong JS, Perinpanayagam H, Wang XY, Li GJ, Wang F, Fang H, Gu Y. Maxillary molar root and canal morphology of Neolithic and modern Chinese. Arch Oral Biol 2021; 131:105272. [PMID: 34600333 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2021.105272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to characterize Neolithic human maxillary molars from archeological remains at the Jiaojia site, Shandong, China, and compare their ultrastructural features with sex and age-matched modern locals. DESIGN Maxillary first (n = 86) and second (n = 80) molars in 5000-year-old individuals (n = 50) from the Jiaojia site were scanned by cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Sex and age-matched control groups were assigned from oral surgical patients at Shandong University. Images were analyzed for crown size, root length, root morphology, canal inter-orifice distances, mesiobuccal canal morphology, and second mesiobuccal (MB2) canal prevalence and location. Neolithic and modern values were compared statistically using Chi-squared and Mann-Whitney test at p < .05. RESULTS Crown and root size were smaller, and canal inter-orifice distances were shorter in Neolithic maxillary molars than their modern counterparts. For mesiobuccal roots, Weine's Type I single canals were the most prevalent in Neolithic and modern first and second molars. MB2 canal prevalence were not significantly different (p > .05) in Neolithic (53.3%) or modern (60.5%) first molars, and Neolithic (11.3%) or modern (21.3%) second molars. But, MB2 prevalence was significantly higher for modern than ancient male first (p = .032) and second (p = .005) molars. Additionally, MB2 were located more mesially and closer to MB1 in Neolithic than modern molars. CONCLUSIONS Maxillary molar root and canal morphology of ancient 5000-year-old remains at the Jiaojia site resemble that of local patients. A trend towards larger tooth size, and more dispersed MB2 canals over this short evolutionary period warrants additional investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Y Ren
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - K Y Kum
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, National Dental Care Center for Persons with Special Needs, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Y S Zhao
- Institute of Cultural and Heritage, Shandong University, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Y J Yoo
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, National Dental Care Center for Persons with Special Needs, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J S Jeong
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Hiran Perinpanayagam
- Division of Restorative Dentistry, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - X Y Wang
- Department of Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - G J Li
- Department of Radiology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - F Wang
- Department of Radiology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - H Fang
- School of History and Culture, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Y Gu
- Department of Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Shandong Province, PR China.
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Verna C, Détroit F, Kupczik K, Arnaud J, Balzeau A, Grimaud-Hervé D, Bertrand S, Riou B, Moncel MH. The Middle Pleistocene hominin mandible from Payre (Ardèche, France). J Hum Evol 2020; 144:102775. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2020.102775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Ren HY, Zhao YS, Yoo YJ, Zhang XW, Fang H, Wang F, Perinpanayagam H, Kum KY, Gu Y. Mandibular molar C-shaped root canals in 5th millennium BC China. Arch Oral Biol 2020; 117:104773. [PMID: 32512259 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to analyze the occurrence and variations in C-shaped canals in ancient Chinese teeth and compare the differences of these features between ancient and age-matched modern populations. DESIGN Approximately 5000-year-old craniofacial bone remains were collected from the fossils of 38 individuals (total: 68 mandibular second molars) excavated from the Jiaojia site. The control group comprised of an equal number of randomly selected modern samples. We used cone-beam computed tomography to scan the mandible along the apex-crown axis and analyzed the canal morphology, based on Fan's categorization criterion, at 2 mm, 5 mm, and 8 mm to the apical level. Grooves on the lingual and buccal sides were also recorded. RESULTS The proportion of C-shaped roots among ancient samples on the left and right sides were 48.57 % (17/35 teeth) and 54.55 % (18/33 teeth), respectively, and 51.47 % (35/68 teeth) in the total sample. Conversely, in the control group, 44.12 % (15/34) and 38.24 % (13/34) occurred on the left and right sides, respectively, and 41.18 % (28/68) in the total sample. Among the C-shaped canals from the Jiaojia site samples, the classification type changed between two adjacent levels in 84.31 % of samples. Approximately 35 (51.5 %) teeth had a fused root, 20 (29.41 %) had one shallow buccal and one deep lingual groove. The occurrence of C-shape variation was not significantly correlated with time (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS This study identified a high rate of C-shaped root canals among individuals of Jiaojia who lived approximately 5000 years ago.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ying Ren
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Yong Sheng Zhao
- Institute of Cultural and Heritage, Shandong University, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Yeon-Jee Yoo
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, National Dental Care Center for Persons with Special Needs, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiao Wen Zhang
- School of History and Culture, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Hui Fang
- School of History and Culture, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Fen Wang
- School of History and Culture, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Hiran Perinpanayagam
- Division of Restorative Dentistry, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Kee-Yeon Kum
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, National Dental Care Center for Persons with Special Needs, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Gu
- Department of Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Shandong Province, PR China.
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Ortiz A, Bailey SE, Delgado M, Zanolli C, Demeter F, Bacon A, Nguyen TMH, Nguyen AT, Zhang Y, Harrison T, Hublin J, Skinner MM. A distinguishing feature of
Pongo
upper molars and its implications for the taxonomic identification of isolated hominid teeth from the Pleistocene of Asia. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2019; 170:595-612. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Ortiz
- Department of Anthropology New York University New York New York
- Institute of Human Origins, School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University Tempe Arizona
| | - Shara E. Bailey
- Department of Anthropology New York University New York New York
- Department of Human Evolution Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology Leipzig Germany
| | - Miguel Delgado
- División Antropología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo Universidad Nacional de La Plata La Plata República Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas CONICET Buenos Aires República Argentina
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology and Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development School of Life Sciences and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Clément Zanolli
- Laboratoire PACEA, UMR 5199, CNRS Université de Bordeaux Bordeaux France
| | - Fabrice Demeter
- Musée de l'Homme, UMR7206 Département Homme et Environnement Paris France
- Lundbeck Foundation GeoGenetics Centre, Globe Institute University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Anne‐Marie Bacon
- Laboratoire BABEL, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire FRE 2029 CNRS, Université Paris Descartes Montrouge France
| | - Thi M. H. Nguyen
- Anthropological and Palaeoenvironmental Department The Institute of Archaeology Hanoi Vietnam
| | - Anh T. Nguyen
- Anthropological and Palaeoenvironmental Department The Institute of Archaeology Hanoi Vietnam
| | - Yingqi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology (IVPP) Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing People's Republic of China
| | - Terry Harrison
- Department of Anthropology New York University New York New York
| | - Jean‐Jacques Hublin
- Department of Human Evolution Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology Leipzig Germany
| | - Matthew M. Skinner
- Department of Human Evolution Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology Leipzig Germany
- School of Anthropology and Conservation University of Kent Canterbury United Kingdom
- Evolutionary Studies Institute University of Witwatersrand Johannesburg South Africa
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