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Balentine CM, Alfonso-Durruty M, Reynolds AW, Vilar M, Morello F, Román MS, Springs LC, Smith RWA, Archer SM, Mata-Míguez J, Wing N, Bolnick DA. Evaluating population histories in Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego, Chile, using ancient mitochondrial and Y-chromosomal DNA. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2023; 180:144-161. [PMID: 36790637 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to characterize the genetic histories of ancient hunter-gatherer groups in Fuego-Patagonia (Chile) with distinct Marine, Terrestrial, and Mixed Economy subsistence strategies. Mitochondrial (mtDNA) and Y-chromosome data were generated to test three hypotheses. H0: All individuals were drawn from the same panmictic population; H1: Terrestrial groups first populated the region and gave rise to highly specialized Marine groups by ~7,500 cal BP; or H2: Marine and Terrestrial groups represent distinct ancestral lineages who migrated independently into the region. METHODS Ancient DNA was extracted from the teeth of 50 Fuegian-Patagonian individuals dating from 6,895 cal BP to after European arrival, and analyzed alongside other individuals from previous studies. Individuals were assigned to Marine, Terrestrial, and Mixed Economy groups based on archeological context and stable isotope diet inferences, and mtDNA (HVR1/2) and Y-chromosome variation was analyzed. RESULTS Endogenous aDNA was obtained from 49/50 (98%) individuals. Haplotype diversities, FST comparisons, and exact tests of population differentiation showed that Marine groups were significantly different from Terrestrial groups based on mtDNA (p < 0.05). No statistically significant differences were found between Terrestrial and Mixed Economy groups. Demographic simulations support models in which Marine groups diverged from the others by ~14,000 cal BP. Y-chromosome results showed similar patterns but were not statistically significant due to small sample sizes and allelic dropout. DISCUSSION These results support the hypothesis that Marine and Terrestrial economic groups represent distinct ancestral lineages who diverged during the time populations were expanding in the Americas, and may represent independent migrations into Fuego-Patagonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina M Balentine
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas, Austin, Texas, USA.,Department of Anthropology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Marta Alfonso-Durruty
- Department of Sociology, Anthropology, and Social Work, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | | | - Miguel Vilar
- Department of Anthropology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA.,National Geographic Society, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Flavia Morello
- Instituto de la Patagonia, Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile.,Cape Horn International Center, Puerto Williams, Chile
| | - Manuel San Román
- Instituto de la Patagonia, Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile.,Cape Horn International Center, Puerto Williams, Chile
| | - Lauren C Springs
- Department of Anthropology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Rick W A Smith
- Department of Sociology and Anthropology, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA.,Women and Gender Studies, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
| | - Samantha M Archer
- Department of Anthropology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jaime Mata-Míguez
- Department of Anthropology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | | | - Deborah A Bolnick
- Department of Anthropology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA.,Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
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Nores R, Tavella MP, Fabra M, Demarchi DA. Ancient DNA analysis reveals temporal and geographical patterns of mitochondrial diversity in pre-Hispanic populations from Central Argentina. Am J Hum Biol 2022; 34:e23733. [PMID: 35238427 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The study of the ancient populations of Central Argentina has a crucial importance for our understanding of the evolutionary processes in the Southern Cone of South America, given its geographic position as a crossroads. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the temporal and geographical patterns of genetic variation among the groups that inhabited the current territory of Córdoba Province during the Middle and Late Holocene. METHODS We analyzed the mitochondrial haplogroups of 74 individuals and 46 Hypervariable Region I (HVR-I) sequences, both novel and previously reported, from archeological populations of the eastern Plains and western Sierras regions of the province of Córdoba. The HVR-I sequences were also compared with other ancient groups from Argentina and with present-day populations from Central Argentina by pairwise distance analysis and identification of shared haplotypes. RESULTS Significant differences in haplogroup and haplotype distributions between the two geographical regions were found. Sierras showed genetic affinities with certain ancient populations of Northwestern Argentina, while Plains resembled its neighbors from Santiago del Estero Province and the Pampas region. We did not observe genetic differences among the pre 1200 and post 1200 yBP temporal subsets of individuals defined by the emergence of horticulture, considering both geographical samples jointly. CONCLUSIONS The observed patterns of geographical heterogeneity could indicate the existence of biologically distinct populations inhabiting the mountainous region and the eastern plains of Córdoba Province in pre-Hispanic times. Maternal lineages analyses support a scenario of local evolution with great temporal depth in Central Argentina, with continuity until the present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Nores
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades, Departamento de Antropología, Córdoba, Argentina.,CONICET, Instituto de Antropología de Córdoba (IDACOR), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María Pía Tavella
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades, Departamento de Antropología, Córdoba, Argentina.,CONICET, Instituto de Antropología de Córdoba (IDACOR), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Mariana Fabra
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades, Departamento de Antropología, Córdoba, Argentina.,CONICET, Instituto de Antropología de Córdoba (IDACOR), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Darío A Demarchi
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades, Departamento de Antropología, Córdoba, Argentina.,CONICET, Instituto de Antropología de Córdoba (IDACOR), Córdoba, Argentina
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Tamburrini C, de Saint Pierre M, Bravi CM, Bailliet G, Jurado Medina L, Velázquez IF, Real LE, Holley A, Tedeschi CM, Basso NG, Parolin ML. Uniparental origins of the admixed Argentine Patagonia. Am J Hum Biol 2021; 34:e23682. [PMID: 34533260 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to contribute to the understanding of the ancient geographic origins of the uniparentally inherited markers in modern admixed Argentinian populations from central Patagonia with new information provided for the city of Trelew. We attempted to highlight the importance of combining different genetic markers when studying population history. METHODS The mtDNA control region sequence was typified in 89 individuals and 12 Y-STR and 15 Y-SNP loci were analyzed in 66 males. With these data, analysis of molecular variance and Network analyses were carried out. We exhaustively compared the modern data with ancient mtDNA information. Finally, we tested the differences in continental origins estimated by uniparental and previously published biparental markers. RESULTS Native American mtDNAs (53.9%) increased when maternal ancestors were born in the northern (81.8%) and southern (58.5%) regions of Argentina or in Chile (77.8%). Population substructure was only observed for Y-chromosome haplotypes. Some mtDNA haplogroups have been present in the area for at least ca. 2762-2430 and ca. 500 (D1g and D1g4 haplogroups) and ca. 6736 and ca. 6620 (C1b and C1c haplogroups) years, respectively. In contrast, haplogroups B2i2 and C1b13, frequent in modern Patagonia populations, had not been found in previous ancient DNA studies of the region. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that Native American ancestry is well preserved in the region. Trelew samples had characteristic native mtDNA haplogroups previously described in Chilean and Argentine Patagonian populations, but not observed in ancient samples until now. These findings support the idea that these lineages have a recent regional origin. Finally, the estimated proportions of continental ancestry depend on the genetic marker analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Tamburrini
- Instituto de Diversidad y Evolución Austral, (IDEAus-CONICET), Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina
| | - Michelle de Saint Pierre
- Departamento de Antropología, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Claudio Marcelo Bravi
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular Poblacional, IMBICE (CCT-CONICET, CIC-PBA), Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Graciela Bailliet
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular Poblacional, IMBICE (CCT-CONICET, CIC-PBA), Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Laura Jurado Medina
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular Poblacional, IMBICE (CCT-CONICET, CIC-PBA), Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
| | | | - Luciano Esteban Real
- Instituto de Diversidad y Evolución Austral, (IDEAus-CONICET), Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina
| | - Alfredo Holley
- Instituto de Diversidad y Evolución Austral, (IDEAus-CONICET), Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina
| | | | - Néstor Guillermo Basso
- Instituto de Diversidad y Evolución Austral, (IDEAus-CONICET), Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina
| | - María Laura Parolin
- Instituto de Diversidad y Evolución Austral, (IDEAus-CONICET), Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina
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