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Jiang X, Huang T, Chang F, Song Y, Wu D. Effects of Endoscopic Sinus Surgery on Olfactory Bulb Volume among Patients with Chronic Rhinosinusitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2024; 38:251-257. [PMID: 38549395 DOI: 10.1177/19458924241241874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) could significantly improve olfactory function among patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). This study aimed to perform a meta-analysis to evaluate the effect of ESS on the olfactory bulb volume (OBV) among patients with CRS. METHODS A systemic search of PubMed, Medline, Embase, Web of Science, and other databases was conducted to identify studies assessing OBV changes in patients with CRS after ESS utilizing magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS A total of four studies with 168 participants were included. Comparing the changes in OBV of patients with CRS before and after surgery within 3-6 months, the ESS significantly improved the overall OBV (P = 0.005, I2 = 66%), with the left OBV increased by 5.57mm3 (P = 0.84, I2 = 0%), and the right OBV increased by 8.63mm3 (P = 0.09, I2 = 53%). A difference in OBV persists between healthy controls and patients with CRS 3-6 months after ESS. The overall OBV of patients with CRS after ESS was significantly smaller than controls (mean difference = -3.84, P = 0.04), with a mean difference of 4.13mm3 on the left side (P = 0.72, I2 = 0%), and a mean difference of 3.22mm3 on the right side (P = 0.0001, I2 = 89%). CONCLUSIONS ESS significantly increases the OBV among patients with CRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xincen Jiang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, PR China
- Department of Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Tianhao Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Feifan Chang
- Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Song
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Dawei Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, PR China
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Postma EM, Noothout JMH, Boek WM, Joshi A, Herrmann T, Hummel T, Smeets PAM, Išgum I, Boesveldt S. The potential for clinical application of automatic quantification of olfactory bulb volume in MRI scans using convolutional neural networks. Neuroimage Clin 2023; 38:103411. [PMID: 37163913 PMCID: PMC10193118 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2023.103411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The olfactory bulbs (OBs) play a key role in olfactory processing; their volume is important for diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of patients with olfactory loss. Until now, measurements of OB volumes have been limited to quantification of manually segmented OBs, which is a cumbersome task and makes evaluation of OB volumes in large scale clinical studies infeasible. Hence, the aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of our previously developed automatic OB segmentation method for application in clinical practice and to relate the results to clinical outcome measures. To evaluate utilization potential of the automatic segmentation method, three data sets containing MR scans of patients with olfactory loss were included. Dataset 1 (N = 66) and 3 (N = 181) were collected at the Smell and Taste Center in Ede (NL) on a 3 T scanner; dataset 2 (N = 42) was collected at the Smell and Taste Clinic in Dresden (DE) on a 1.5 T scanner. To define the reference standard, manual annotation of the OBs was performed in Dataset 1 and 2. OBs were segmented with a method that employs two consecutive convolutional neural networks (CNNs) that the first localize the OBs in an MRI scan and subsequently segment them. In Dataset 1 and 2, the method accurately segmented the OBs, resulting in a Dice coefficient above 0.7 and average symmetrical surface distance below 0.3 mm. Volumes determined from manual and automatic segmentations showed a strong correlation (Dataset 1: r = 0.79, p < 0.001; Dataset 2: r = 0.72, p = 0.004). In addition, the method was able to recognize the absence of an OB. In Dataset 3, OB volumes computed from automatic segmentations obtained with our method were related to clinical outcome measures, i.e. duration and etiology of olfactory loss, and olfactory ability. We found that OB volume was significantly related to age of the patient, duration and etiology of olfactory loss, and olfactory ability (F(5, 172) = 11.348, p < 0.001, R2 = 0.248). In conclusion, the results demonstrate that automatic segmentation of the OBs and subsequent computation of their volumes in MRI scans can be performed accurately and can be applied in clinical and research population studies. Automatic evaluation may lead to more insight in the role of OB volume in diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of olfactory loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elbrich M Postma
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hospital Gelderse Vallei, Ede, The Netherlands.
| | - Julia M H Noothout
- Image Sciences Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam UMC - location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wilbert M Boek
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hospital Gelderse Vallei, Ede, The Netherlands
| | - Akshita Joshi
- Smell and Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Theresa Herrmann
- Smell and Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Hummel
- Smell and Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Paul A M Smeets
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ivana Išgum
- Image Sciences Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam UMC - location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC - location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sanne Boesveldt
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Hura N, Yi JS, Lin SY, Roxbury CR. Magnetic Resonance Imaging as a Diagnostic and Research Tool in Patients with Olfactory Dysfunction: A Systematic Review. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2022; 36:668-683. [PMID: 35585698 DOI: 10.1177/19458924221096913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with acquired, idiopathic olfactory dysfunction (OD) commonly undergo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) evaluation to rule out intracranial pathologies. This practice is highly debated given the expense of MRI relative to the probability of detecting a treatable lesion. This, combined with the increasing use of MRI in research to investigate the mechanisms underlying OD, provided the impetus for this comprehensive review. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this systematic review was to both assess the utility of MRI in diagnosis of idiopathic OD and to describe MRI findings among mixed OD etiologies to better understand its role as a research tool in this patient population. METHODS A literature search of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, Web of Science, and Scopus for studies with original MRI data for patients with OD was completed. Studies exclusively investigating patients with neurocognitive deficits or those studying traumatic or congenital etiologies of OD were excluded. RESULTS From 1758 candidate articles, 33 studies were included. Four studies reviewed patients with idiopathic OD for structural pathologies on MRI, of which 17 of 372 (4.6%) patients had a potential central cause identified, and 3 (0.8%) had an olfactory meningioma or olfactory neuroblastoma. Fourteen studies (42.4%) reported significant correlation between olfactory bulb volume and olfactory outcomes, and 6 studies (18.8%) reported gray matter volume reduction, specifically in the orbitofrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, insular cortex, parahippocampal, and piriform cortex areas, in patients with mixed OD etiologies. Functional MRI studies reported reduced brain activation and functional connectivity in olfactory network areas. CONCLUSION MRI uncommonly detects intracranial pathology in patients with idiopathic OD. Among patients with mixed OD etiologies, reduced olfactory bulb and gray matter volume are the most common abnormal findings on MRI. Further research is required to better understand the role of MRI and its cost-effectiveness in patients with acquired, idiopathic OD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanki Hura
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, 1500The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, 6595University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Julie S Yi
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, 1500The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sandra Y Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, 1500The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Christopher R Roxbury
- Section of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, 21727The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Su B, Bleier B, Wei Y, Wu D. Clinical Implications of Psychophysical Olfactory Testing: Assessment, Diagnosis, and Treatment Outcome. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:646956. [PMID: 33815048 PMCID: PMC8012732 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.646956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose of Review Olfactory dysfunction dramatically impairs quality of life with a prevalence of 20% in the general adult population. Psychophysical olfactory testing has been widely used to evaluate the ability to smell due to its validated utility and feasibility in clinic. This review summarizes the current literature regarding psychophysical olfactory testing and the clinical relevance of the olfactory testing with different components. Furthermore, the review highlights the diagnosis and treatment value of olfactory subtests in patients with olfactory dysfunction. Recent Findings With the accumulation of studies of psychophysical olfactory testing in olfactory disorders, the clinical relevance of olfactory testing with different components is expanding. Different olfactory domains present with distinct olfactory processing and cortical activity. Psychophysical assessment of olfaction with three domains reveals different levels of olfactory processing and might assist with analyzing the pathophysiologic mechanism of the various olfactory disorders. Furthermore, olfactory thresholds provided the largest amount of non-redundant information to the olfactory diagnosis. Sinonasal olfactory dysfunction and non-sinonasal-related olfactory dysfunction are emerging classifications of smell disorders with certain characteristics of olfactory impairment and different responses to the therapy including steroids, sinus surgery, and olfactory training. Summary These recent advancements should promote the understanding of psychophysical olfactory testing, the association between individual subcomponents and neurophysiological processes, and pave the way for precision assessment and treatment of the olfactory dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baihan Su
- Department of Otolaryngology, Smell and Taste Center, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Benjamin Bleier
- Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Yongxiang Wei
- Department of Otolaryngology, Smell and Taste Center, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Dawei Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Smell and Taste Center, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Shehata EM, Tomoum MO, Amer MA, Alarabawy RA, Eltomey MA. Olfactory bulb neuroplasticity: A prospective cohort study in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. Clin Otolaryngol 2018; 43:1528-1534. [PMID: 30058179 DOI: 10.1111/coa.13202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare the olfactory bulb volumes (OBVs) in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) to healthy individuals, and to assess the changes of the OBVs in patients with CRSwNP before and after the endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) utilising magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with specialised software. DESIGN This is a prospective cohort study. SETTING Tanta University hospital (tertiary referral hospital), Egypt. PARTICIPANTS Thirty patients with CRSwNP (Group A) were compared with thirty healthy individuals (Group B) as regards the OBVs. Patients with CRSwNP underwent ESS where the Smell Identification Test-40 (SIT-40) and the OBVs were assessed pre-operatively and at least 6 months postoperatively. Assessment of the OBVs was carried out using MRI with specialised software. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Assessment of the volumetric changes of the olfactory bulbs in patients with CRSwNP before and after endoscopic sinus surgery utilise magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS The OBVs were significantly smaller in Group A (58.94 ± 7.96 mm3 and 60.79 ± 8.14 mm3 on the right and left sides, respectively) as compared with the Group B (73.46 ± 8.54 mm3 and 72.96 ± 9.74 mm3 on the right and left sides, respectively). There was also a significant increase in the olfactory bulb volumes as well as improvement of the SIT-40 6 months postoperatively in the Group A. CONCLUSIONS The olfactory bulb is characterised by neural plasticity, and its volume may be affected by the peripheral olfactory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Shehata
- Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery department, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - M O Tomoum
- Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery department, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - M A Amer
- Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery department, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - R A Alarabawy
- Radiology and Imaging department, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - M A Eltomey
- Radiology and Imaging department, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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Rodriguez-Raecke R, Brünner YF, Kofoet A, Mutic S, Benedict C, Freiherr J. Odor Sensitivity After Intranasal Insulin Application Is Modulated by Gender. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:580. [PMID: 30356884 PMCID: PMC6190874 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity constitutes a global health care problem, and often eating habits are to blame. For intervention, a thorough understanding of energy intake and expenditure is needed. In recent years, the pivotal role of insulin in connection to energy intake was established. Olfactory sensitivity may be a target of cerebral insulin action to maintain body weight. With this experiment, we aimed to explore the influence of intranasal insulin on olfactory sensitivity for the odors n-butanol and peanut in a placebo-controlled, double-blind setting in a within-subject design. All subjects participated in two experimental sessions on separate days and received either intranasal insulin or placebo in a pseudorandomized order. Application was followed by two olfactory threshold tests for n-butanol and peanut in a pseudorandomized order. After a single dose of intranasal insulin (40 IU) or placebo (0.4 ml), olfactory sensitivity for the odorants n-butanol and peanut were examined in 30 healthy normosmic participants (14 females). Measured blood parameters revealed no decrease in plasma glucose, however, insulin, leptin and cortisol levels were affected following intranasal application. Females' but not males' olfactory sensitivity for n-butanol was lower after intranasal insulin administration vs. placebo. In contrast, olfactory sensitivity for peanut was not influenced by intranasal insulin application. Our results indicate that the effects of cortical insulin levels on processing of specific odors is likely modulated by gender, as central increase of insulin concentration led to a reduced olfactory sensitivity for n-butanol in women only, which might be due to differentially regulated insulin and leptin signaling in men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rea Rodriguez-Raecke
- Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Sensory Analytics, Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV, Freising, Germany
- *Correspondence: Rea Rodriguez-Raecke
| | - Yvonne F. Brünner
- Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Anja Kofoet
- Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Smiljana Mutic
- Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Jessica Freiherr
- Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Sensory Analytics, Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV, Freising, Germany
- Jessica Freiherr
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Alarabawy RA, Eltomey MA, Shehata EM. Volumetric study of the olfactory bulb in patients with chronic rhinonasal sinusitis using MRI. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrnm.2016.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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