1
|
Lam PH, Kerkovius JK, Reisman SE. A Pyridine Dearomatization Approach for the Gram Scale Synthesis of (±)-Sparteine. Org Lett 2023; 25:8230-8233. [PMID: 37948657 PMCID: PMC10683365 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Both enantiomers of sparteine have suffered from pricing and supply chain variability, which has inspired efforts toward efficient chemical synthesis. Here, we build upon our reported synthesis of the matrine-type lupin alkaloids in order to synthesize (±)-sparteine. Specifically, selective quenching of the cyclization between glutaryl chloride and pyridine with methanol provides a functionalized quinolizidine core that was elaborated to (±)-sparteine in six additional steps on gram scale. This synthesis provides a scalable route to sparteine from inexpensive commodity chemicals utilizing a dearomative cyclization. In addition, this route provides concise access to (±)-lupinine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pik Hoi Lam
- Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Jeff K. Kerkovius
- Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Sarah E. Reisman
- Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Paul A, Kim JH, Daniel SD, Seidel D. Diversification of Unprotected Alicyclic Amines by C-H Bond Functionalization: Decarboxylative Alkylation of Transient Imines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:1625-1628. [PMID: 32975859 PMCID: PMC7854982 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202011641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Despite extensive efforts by many practitioners in the field, methods for the direct α-C-H bond functionalization of unprotected alicyclic amines remain rare. A new advance in this area utilizes N-lithiated alicyclic amines. These readily accessible intermediates are converted to transient imines through the action of a simple ketone oxidant, followed by alkylation with a β-ketoacid under mild conditions to provide valuable β-amino ketones with unprecedented ease. Regioselective α'-alkylation is achieved for substrates with existing α-substituents. The method is further applicable to the convenient one-pot synthesis of polycyclic dihydroquinolones through the incorporation of a SN Ar step.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anirudra Paul
- Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Jae Hyun Kim
- Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
- Current address: College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Scott D Daniel
- Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Daniel Seidel
- Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Norcross NR, Melbardis JP, Solera MF, Sephton MA, Kilner C, Zakharov LN, Astles PC, Warriner SL, Blakemore PR. Total Synthesis of (±)-α-Isosparteine, (±)-β-Isosparteine, and (±)-Sparteine from a Common Tetraoxobispidine Intermediate. J Org Chem 2008; 73:7939-51. [PMID: 18798673 DOI: 10.1021/jo8013512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Neil R. Norcross
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331-4003, School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire LS2 9JT, United Kingdom, and Eli Lilly & Co. Ltd., Lilly Research Centre, Erl Wood Manner, Windlesham, Surrey, GU20 6PH, United Kingdom
| | - John P. Melbardis
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331-4003, School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire LS2 9JT, United Kingdom, and Eli Lilly & Co. Ltd., Lilly Research Centre, Erl Wood Manner, Windlesham, Surrey, GU20 6PH, United Kingdom
| | - Margarita Ferris Solera
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331-4003, School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire LS2 9JT, United Kingdom, and Eli Lilly & Co. Ltd., Lilly Research Centre, Erl Wood Manner, Windlesham, Surrey, GU20 6PH, United Kingdom
| | - Mark A. Sephton
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331-4003, School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire LS2 9JT, United Kingdom, and Eli Lilly & Co. Ltd., Lilly Research Centre, Erl Wood Manner, Windlesham, Surrey, GU20 6PH, United Kingdom
| | - Colin Kilner
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331-4003, School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire LS2 9JT, United Kingdom, and Eli Lilly & Co. Ltd., Lilly Research Centre, Erl Wood Manner, Windlesham, Surrey, GU20 6PH, United Kingdom
| | - Lev N. Zakharov
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331-4003, School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire LS2 9JT, United Kingdom, and Eli Lilly & Co. Ltd., Lilly Research Centre, Erl Wood Manner, Windlesham, Surrey, GU20 6PH, United Kingdom
| | - Peter C. Astles
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331-4003, School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire LS2 9JT, United Kingdom, and Eli Lilly & Co. Ltd., Lilly Research Centre, Erl Wood Manner, Windlesham, Surrey, GU20 6PH, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart L. Warriner
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331-4003, School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire LS2 9JT, United Kingdom, and Eli Lilly & Co. Ltd., Lilly Research Centre, Erl Wood Manner, Windlesham, Surrey, GU20 6PH, United Kingdom
| | - Paul R. Blakemore
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331-4003, School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire LS2 9JT, United Kingdom, and Eli Lilly & Co. Ltd., Lilly Research Centre, Erl Wood Manner, Windlesham, Surrey, GU20 6PH, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|