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Zeitter N, Hippchen N, Maier S, Rominger F, Dreuw A, Freudenberg J, Bunz UHF. Persistent Ambipolar Heptacenes and Their Redox Species. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202200918. [PMID: 35377538 PMCID: PMC9324111 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202200918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Sixfold TIPS‐ethynylation combined with fourfold bromination of the armchair edges furnishes a long‐lived, soluble heptacene; π‐extension via Stille coupling accesses a persistent tetrabenzononacene. Both types of acenes were stabilized best by double TIPS‐ethynylation on every other benzene ring. Tetrabromoheptacene is an ambipolar transistor material (up to 0.036 cm2 V−1 s−1 n‐channel), which was corroborated by generation of its monoanion and monocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico Zeitter
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Nikolai Hippchen
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Steffen Maier
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Andreas Dreuw
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 205 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Jan Freudenberg
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Uwe H. F. Bunz
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Centre of Advanced Materials (CAM) Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 225 69120 Heidelberg Germany
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2
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Zeitter N, Hippchen N, Maier S, Rominger F, Dreuw A, Freudenberg J, Bunz UHF. Stabile Ambipolare Heptacene und deren Redox‐Spezies. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202200918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nico Zeitter
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Deutschland
| | - Nikolai Hippchen
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Deutschland
| | - Steffen Maier
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Deutschland
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Deutschland
| | - Andreas Dreuw
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 205 69120 Heidelberg Deutschland
| | - Jan Freudenberg
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Deutschland
| | - Uwe H. F. Bunz
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Deutschland
- Centre of Advanced Materials (CAM) Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 225 69120 Heidelberg Deutschland
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3
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Hauschild M, Chen L, Etschel SH, Ferguson MJ, Hampel F, Halik M, Tykwinski RR. Anthracene-Pentacene Dyads: Synthesis and OFET Characterization. Chempluschem 2020; 85:921-926. [PMID: 32401434 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202000233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of a series of unsymmetrical derivatives of pentacene appended with functionalized anthracene moieties is reported. These anthracene-pentacene dyads have been characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry to examine their electronic properties. X-ray crystallographic analysis was used to examine the solid-state features of anthracene-pentacene dyads 1 a-d with H-, F-, Cl-, and Br- substituents on the 9-position of anthracene, and shows that the packing arrangement of anthracene-pentacene derivatives 1 b,d,e are remarkably similar irrespective of the presence of fluoride, bromide or methyl substituents. The pentacene-anthracene dyads have been incorporated into OTFTs to evaluate their semiconducting properties. The pentacene derivative 1 b shows ambipolar behavior using AlOx C14 PA as the gate dielectric (electron and hole mobilities of 7.6 ⋅ 10-3 and 1.6 ⋅ 10-1 cm2 V-1 s-1 ), while performance of all derivatives was poor using p-doped Silicon as the substrate. These studies highlight the importance of thin-film formation over molecular structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Hauschild
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center of Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany.,Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lan Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Sebastian H Etschel
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center of Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Center for Nanostructured Films - IZNF Institute of Materials Science, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Cauerstrasse 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael J Ferguson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Frank Hampel
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center of Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Marcus Halik
- Interdisciplinary Center for Nanostructured Films - IZNF Institute of Materials Science, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Cauerstrasse 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rik R Tykwinski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
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4
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Papadopoulos I, Gao Y, Hetzer C, Tykwinski RR, Guldi DM. Singlet Fission in Enantiomerically Pure Pentacene Dimers. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.202000016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ilias Papadopoulos
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstr. 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Yueze Gao
- Department of Chemistry University of Alberta, Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G2 Canada
| | - Constantin Hetzer
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Rik R. Tykwinski
- Department of Chemistry University of Alberta, Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G2 Canada
| | - Dirk M. Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstr. 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
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5
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Petty AJ, Ai Q, Sorli JC, Haneef HF, Purdum GE, Boehm A, Granger DB, Gu K, Rubinger CPL, Parkin SR, Graham KR, Jurchescu OD, Loo YL, Risko C, Anthony JE. Computationally aided design of a high-performance organic semiconductor: the development of a universal crystal engineering core. Chem Sci 2019; 10:10543-10549. [PMID: 32055377 PMCID: PMC6988752 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc02930c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we describe the design and synthesis of a suite of molecules based on a benzodithiophene "universal crystal engineering core". After computationally screening derivatives, a trialkylsilylethyne-based crystal engineering strategy was employed to tailor the crystal packing for use as the active material in an organic field-effect transistor. Electronic structure calculations were undertaken to reveal derivatives that exhibit exceptional potential for high-efficiency hole transport. The promising theoretical properties are reflected in the preliminary device results, with the computationally optimized material showing simple solution processing, enhanced stability, and a maximum hole mobility of 1.6 cm2 V-1 s-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J Petty
- Department of Chemistry , University of Kentucky , Lexington , Kentucky 40506-0055 , USA .
| | - Qianxiang Ai
- Department of Chemistry , University of Kentucky , Lexington , Kentucky 40506-0055 , USA .
| | - Jeni C Sorli
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering , Princeton University , Princeton , New Jersey 08544 , USA
| | - Hamna F Haneef
- Department of Physics and Center for Functional Materials , Wake Forest University , USA
| | - Geoffrey E Purdum
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering , Princeton University , Princeton , New Jersey 08544 , USA
| | - Alex Boehm
- Department of Chemistry , University of Kentucky , Lexington , Kentucky 40506-0055 , USA .
| | - Devin B Granger
- Department of Chemistry , University of Kentucky , Lexington , Kentucky 40506-0055 , USA .
| | - Kaichen Gu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering , Princeton University , Princeton , New Jersey 08544 , USA
| | | | - Sean R Parkin
- Department of Chemistry , University of Kentucky , Lexington , Kentucky 40506-0055 , USA .
| | - Kenneth R Graham
- Department of Chemistry , University of Kentucky , Lexington , Kentucky 40506-0055 , USA .
| | - Oana D Jurchescu
- Department of Physics and Center for Functional Materials , Wake Forest University , USA
| | - Yueh-Lin Loo
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering , Princeton University , Princeton , New Jersey 08544 , USA
- Andlinger Center for Energy and the Environment , Princeton University , Princeton , New Jersey 08544 , USA
| | - Chad Risko
- Department of Chemistry , University of Kentucky , Lexington , Kentucky 40506-0055 , USA .
- Center for Applied Energy Research , University of Kentucky , Lexington , Kentucky 40511 , USA
| | - John E Anthony
- Department of Chemistry , University of Kentucky , Lexington , Kentucky 40506-0055 , USA .
- Center for Applied Energy Research , University of Kentucky , Lexington , Kentucky 40511 , USA
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6
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Affiliation(s)
- Renfei Liu
- Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Products; College of Chemical Engineering; Nanjing Forestry University; 210037 Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Guanxing Zhu
- Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Products; College of Chemical Engineering; Nanjing Forestry University; 210037 Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Yongxin Ji
- Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Products; College of Chemical Engineering; Nanjing Forestry University; 210037 Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Gang Zhang
- Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Products; College of Chemical Engineering; Nanjing Forestry University; 210037 Nanjing P. R. China
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7
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Kuroda K, Yazaki K, Tanaka Y, Akita M, Sakai H, Hasobe T, Tkachenko NV, Yoshizawa M. A Pentacene‐based Nanotube Displaying Enriched Electrochemical and Photochemical Activities. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201812976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kiyonori Kuroda
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative ResearchTokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
| | - Kohei Yazaki
- Faculty of EngineeringUniversity of Yamanashi 4-3-11 Takeda Kofu 400–8511 Japan
| | - Yuya Tanaka
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative ResearchTokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
| | - Munetaka Akita
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative ResearchTokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
| | - Hayato Sakai
- Department of ChemistryFaculty of Science and TechnologyKeio University Yokohama 223-8522 Japan
| | - Taku Hasobe
- Department of ChemistryFaculty of Science and TechnologyKeio University Yokohama 223-8522 Japan
| | - Nikolai V. Tkachenko
- Laboratory of Chemistry and BioengineeringTampere University of Technology 33720 Tampere Finland
| | - Michito Yoshizawa
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative ResearchTokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
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8
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Kuroda K, Yazaki K, Tanaka Y, Akita M, Sakai H, Hasobe T, Tkachenko NV, Yoshizawa M. A Pentacene-based Nanotube Displaying Enriched Electrochemical and Photochemical Activities. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 58:1115-1119. [PMID: 30496630 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201812976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Unlike previously well-studied, acyclic pentacene oligomers, the first synthesis of a cyclic pentacene trimer with a fixed tubular conformation is reported. A short-step synthesis starting from common pentacenequinone yielded the target molecule with a 1.5 nanometer length and a subnanometer pore. Steady-state spectroscopic analyses revealed that the close proximity of the non-conjugated, three pentacene chromophores allows the nanotube to display stepwise electrochemical/chemical oxidation characteristics. Furthermore, time-resolved transient absorption measurements elucidated the generation of an excited triplet state of the nanotube, with high quantum yield reaching about 180 % through intramolecular singlet fission and a very long triplet lifetime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyonori Kuroda
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Kohei Yazaki
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Yamanashi, 4-3-11 Takeda, Kofu, 400-8511, Japan
| | - Yuya Tanaka
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Munetaka Akita
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Hayato Sakai
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Taku Hasobe
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Nikolai V Tkachenko
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Tampere University of Technology, 33720, Tampere, Finland
| | - Michito Yoshizawa
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan
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9
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Kawano K, Hayashi H, Yoshimoto S, Aratani N, Suzuki M, Yoshinobu J, Yamada H. An Ethynylene-Bridged Pentacene Dimer: Two-Step Synthesis and Charge-Transport Properties. Chemistry 2018; 24:14916-14920. [PMID: 30069924 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201803002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A rigid and planar ethynylene-bridged pentacene dimer (PenD) was synthesized from pentacenequinone in two steps, skipping the conventional stepwise approach. A brickwork motif in the single crystal shows two-dimensionally extended electronic interaction in the solid state. Highly crystalline dip-coated films exhibited average hole mobility of 0.24 cm2 V-1 s-1 , comparable to that of the single-crystal organic field-effect transistors. This discovery and understanding of the reaction for the facile synthesis of ethynylene-bridged π-conjugated systems enables to the synthesis of a wide range of organic semiconducting materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koki Kawano
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Hironobu Hayashi
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Shinya Yoshimoto
- The Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8581, Japan
| | - Naoki Aratani
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Mitsuharu Suzuki
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Jun Yoshinobu
- The Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8581, Japan
| | - Hiroko Yamada
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, 630-0192, Japan
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10
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Santra S, Khasanov AF, Mukherjee A, Rahman M, Kovalev IS, Kopchuk DS, Zyryanov GV, Majee A, Chupakhin ON, Charushin VN. Mono- and Polyazatriphenylene-Based Ligands: An Updated Library of Synthetic Strategies (2001-2018). European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201800635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sougata Santra
- Department of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry; Chemical Engineering Institute; Ural Federal University; 19 Mira Str. 620002 Yekaterinburg, K-2 Russian Federation
| | - Albert F. Khasanov
- Department of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry; Chemical Engineering Institute; Ural Federal University; 19 Mira Str. 620002 Yekaterinburg, K-2 Russian Federation
| | - Anindita Mukherjee
- Department of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry; Chemical Engineering Institute; Ural Federal University; 19 Mira Str. 620002 Yekaterinburg, K-2 Russian Federation
| | - Matiur Rahman
- Department of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry; Chemical Engineering Institute; Ural Federal University; 19 Mira Str. 620002 Yekaterinburg, K-2 Russian Federation
| | - Igor S. Kovalev
- Department of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry; Chemical Engineering Institute; Ural Federal University; 19 Mira Str. 620002 Yekaterinburg, K-2 Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry S. Kopchuk
- Department of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry; Chemical Engineering Institute; Ural Federal University; 19 Mira Str. 620002 Yekaterinburg, K-2 Russian Federation
- I. Ya. Postovskiy Institute of Organic Synthesis; Ural Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences; 22 S. Kovalevskoy Str. 620219 Yekaterinburg Russian Federation
| | - Grigory V. Zyryanov
- Department of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry; Chemical Engineering Institute; Ural Federal University; 19 Mira Str. 620002 Yekaterinburg, K-2 Russian Federation
- I. Ya. Postovskiy Institute of Organic Synthesis; Ural Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences; 22 S. Kovalevskoy Str. 620219 Yekaterinburg Russian Federation
| | - Adinath Majee
- Department of Chemistry; Visva-Bharati (A Central University); 731235 Santiniketan India
| | - Oleg N. Chupakhin
- Department of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry; Chemical Engineering Institute; Ural Federal University; 19 Mira Str. 620002 Yekaterinburg, K-2 Russian Federation
- I. Ya. Postovskiy Institute of Organic Synthesis; Ural Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences; 22 S. Kovalevskoy Str. 620219 Yekaterinburg Russian Federation
| | - Valery N. Charushin
- Department of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry; Chemical Engineering Institute; Ural Federal University; 19 Mira Str. 620002 Yekaterinburg, K-2 Russian Federation
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11
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Kunzmann A, Gruber M, Casillas R, Zirzlmeier J, Stanzel M, Peukert W, Tykwinski RR, Guldi DM. Singulettspaltung für Photovoltaikanwendungen mit Injektionseffizienzen von bis zu 130 %. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201801041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Kunzmann
- Department für Chemie und Pharmazie &, Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Molekulare MaterialienFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) Egerlandstraße 3 91058 Erlangen Deutschland
| | - Marco Gruber
- Department für Chemie und Pharmazie &, Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Molekulare MaterialienFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10 91058 Erlangen Deutschland
| | - Rubén Casillas
- Department für Chemie und Pharmazie &, Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Molekulare MaterialienFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) Egerlandstraße 3 91058 Erlangen Deutschland
| | - Johannes Zirzlmeier
- Department für Chemie und Pharmazie &, Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Molekulare MaterialienFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) Egerlandstraße 3 91058 Erlangen Deutschland
| | - Melanie Stanzel
- Lehrstuhl für Feststoff- und Grenzflächenverfahrenstechnik &, Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Funktionale PartikelsystemeFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) Cauerstraße 4 91058 Erlangen Deutschland
| | - Wolfgang Peukert
- Lehrstuhl für Feststoff- und Grenzflächenverfahrenstechnik &, Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Funktionale PartikelsystemeFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) Cauerstraße 4 91058 Erlangen Deutschland
| | - Rik R. Tykwinski
- Department für Chemie und Pharmazie &, Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Molekulare MaterialienFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10 91058 Erlangen Deutschland
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Alberta Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G2 Kanada
| | - Dirk M. Guldi
- Department für Chemie und Pharmazie &, Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Molekulare MaterialienFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) Egerlandstraße 3 91058 Erlangen Deutschland
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12
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Kunzmann A, Gruber M, Casillas R, Zirzlmeier J, Stanzel M, Peukert W, Tykwinski RR, Guldi DM. Singlet Fission for Photovoltaics with 130 % Injection Efficiency. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:10742-10747. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201801041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Kunzmann
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular MaterialsFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstrasse 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Marco Gruber
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 10 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Rubén Casillas
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular MaterialsFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstrasse 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Johannes Zirzlmeier
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular MaterialsFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstrasse 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Melanie Stanzel
- Institute of Particle Technology & Interdisciplinary Center of Functional Particle SystemsFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Cauerstrasse 4 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Wolfgang Peukert
- Institute of Particle Technology & Interdisciplinary Center of Functional Particle SystemsFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Cauerstrasse 4 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Rik R. Tykwinski
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 10 91058 Erlangen Germany
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Alberta Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G2 Canada
| | - Dirk M. Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular MaterialsFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstrasse 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
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13
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Hetzer C, Guldi DM, Tykwinski RR. Pentacene Dimers as a Critical Tool for the Investigation of Intramolecular Singlet Fission. Chemistry 2018; 24:8245-8257. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201705355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Constantin Hetzer
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy; Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM); Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU); Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Dirk M. Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy; Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM); Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU); Egerlandstrasse 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Rik R. Tykwinski
- Department of Chemistry; University of Alberta; Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G2 Canada
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Gruber M, Padberg K, Min J, Waterloo AR, Hampel F, Maid H, Ameri T, Brabec CJ, Tykwinski RR. Acenequinocumulenes: Lateral and Vertical π-Extended Analogues of Tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ). Chemistry 2017; 23:17829-17835. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201704314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Gruber
- Department für Chemie und Pharmazie; Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM); Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU); Henkestrasse 42 91054 Erlangen Germany
| | - Kevin Padberg
- Department für Chemie und Pharmazie; Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM); Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU); Henkestrasse 42 91054 Erlangen Germany
| | - Jie Min
- Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET); Friedrich Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU); Martensstrasse 7 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Andreas R. Waterloo
- Department für Chemie und Pharmazie; Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM); Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU); Henkestrasse 42 91054 Erlangen Germany
| | - Frank Hampel
- Department für Chemie und Pharmazie; Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM); Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU); Henkestrasse 42 91054 Erlangen Germany
| | - Harald Maid
- Department für Chemie und Pharmazie; Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM); Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU); Henkestrasse 42 91054 Erlangen Germany
| | - Tayebeh Ameri
- Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET); Friedrich Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU); Martensstrasse 7 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Christoph J. Brabec
- Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET); Friedrich Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU); Martensstrasse 7 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Rik R. Tykwinski
- Department für Chemie und Pharmazie; Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM); Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU); Henkestrasse 42 91054 Erlangen Germany
- Current address: Department of Chemistry; University of Alberta; Edmonton AB T6G 2G2 Canada
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15
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Marshall JL, Lehnherr D, Lindner BD, Tykwinski RR. Reductive Aromatization/Dearomatization and Elimination Reactions to Access Conjugated Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Heteroacenes, and Cumulenes. Chempluschem 2017; 82:967-1001. [PMID: 31961601 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201700168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Acenes, heteroacenes, conjugated polycyclic hydrocarbons, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (collectively referred to in this review as conjugated polycyclic molecules, CPMs) have fascinated chemists since they were first isolated and synthesized in the mid 19th century. Most recently, these compounds have shown significant promise as the active components in organic devices (e.g., solar cells, thin-film transistors, light-emitting diodes, etc.), and, since 2001, a plethora of publications detail synthetic strategies to produce CPMs. In this review, we discuss reductive aromatization, reductive dearomatization, and elimination/extrusion reactions used to form CPMs. After a brief discussion on early methods to synthesize CPMs, we detail the use of reagents used for the reductive (de)aromatization of precursors containing 1,4-diols/diethers, including SnCl2 and iodide (I- ). Extension of these methods to carbomers and cumulenes is briefly discussed. We then describe low-valent metal species used to reduce endoxides to CPMs, and discuss the methods to directly reduce acenediones and acenones to the respective acene. In the final section, we describe methods used to affect aromatization to the desired CPM via extrusion of small, volatile molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan L Marshall
- Department of Chemistry, Gunning-Lemieux Chemistry Center, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Dan Lehnherr
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Benjamin D Lindner
- Department for Chemistry and Pharmacy, and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICCM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Henkestrasse 42, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rik R Tykwinski
- Department of Chemistry, Gunning-Lemieux Chemistry Center, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G2, Canada.,Department for Chemistry and Pharmacy, and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICCM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Henkestrasse 42, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
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16
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Garcia‐Borràs M, Konishi A, Waterloo A, Liang Y, Cao Y, Hetzer C, Lehnherr D, Hampel F, Houk KN, Tykwinski RR. Tautomerization and Dimerization of 6,13‐Disubstituted Derivatives of Pentacene. Chemistry 2016; 23:6111-6117. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201604099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marc Garcia‐Borràs
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, Los Angeles 607 Charles E. Young Drive East Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
| | - Akihito Konishi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Erlangen-Nürnberg Henkestr. 42 91054 Erlangen Germany
| | - Andreas Waterloo
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Erlangen-Nürnberg Henkestr. 42 91054 Erlangen Germany
| | - Yong Liang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, Los Angeles 607 Charles E. Young Drive East Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
| | - Yang Cao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, Los Angeles 607 Charles E. Young Drive East Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
| | - Constantin Hetzer
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Erlangen-Nürnberg Henkestr. 42 91054 Erlangen Germany
| | - Dan Lehnherr
- Department of Chemistry University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G2 Canada
| | - Frank Hampel
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Erlangen-Nürnberg Henkestr. 42 91054 Erlangen Germany
| | - Kendall N. Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, Los Angeles 607 Charles E. Young Drive East Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
| | - Rik R. Tykwinski
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Erlangen-Nürnberg Henkestr. 42 91054 Erlangen Germany
- Department of Chemistry University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G2 Canada
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17
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Schwaben J, Münster N, Klues M, Breuer T, Hofmann P, Harms K, Witte G, Koert U. Efficient Syntheses of Novel Fluoro-Substituted Pentacenes and Azapentacenes: Molecular and Solid-State Properties. Chemistry 2015; 21:13758-71. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201501399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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18
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Hu YY, Sun SL, Tian WT, Tian WQ, Xu HL, Su ZM. Influence of spiral framework on nonlinear optical materials. Chemphyschem 2014; 15:929-34. [PMID: 24677788 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201301149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A series of spiral donor-π-acceptor frameworks (i.e. 2-2, 3-3, 4-4, and 5-5) based on 4-nitrophenyldiphenylamine with π-conjugated linear acenes (naphthalenes, anthracenes, tetracenes, and pentacenes) serving as the electron donor and nitro (NO2 ) groups serving as the electron acceptor were designed to investigate the relationships between the nonlinear optical (NLO) responses and the spirality in the frameworks. A parameter denoted as D was defined to describe the extent of the spiral framework. The D value reached its maximum if the number of NO2 groups was equal to the number of fused benzene rings contained in the linear acene. A longer 4-nitrophenyldiphenylamine chain led to a larger D value and, further, to a larger first hyperpolarizability. Different from traditional NLO materials with charge transfer occurring in the one-dimensional direction, charge transfer in 2-2, 3-3, 4-4, and 5-5 occur in three-dimensional directions due to the attractive spiral frameworks, and this is of great importance in the design of NLO materials. The origin of such an enhancement in the NLO properties of these spiral frameworks was explained with the aid of molecular orbital analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Yang Hu
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, Jilin (P.R. China); Institute of Theoretical and Simulational Chemistry, Academy of Fundamental and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080 (P.R. China)
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Choudhary S, Gozalvez C, Higelin A, Krossing I, Melle-Franco M, Mateo-Alonso A. Hexaazatrinaphthylenes with Different Twists. Chemistry 2013; 20:1525-8. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201304071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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20
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Strinitz F, Waterloo A, Tucher J, Hübner E, Tykwinski RR, Burzlaff N. Allenylidene Complexes Based on Pentacenequinone. Eur J Inorg Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201300759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frank Strinitz
- Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), University of Erlangen‐Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany, http://https://www.chemie.uni‐erlangen.de/dcp/forschung/arbeitskreise/arbeitskreis‐burzlaff/
| | - Andreas Waterloo
- Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), University of Erlangen‐Nürnberg, Henkestraße 42, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Johannes Tucher
- Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), University of Erlangen‐Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany, http://https://www.chemie.uni‐erlangen.de/dcp/forschung/arbeitskreise/arbeitskreis‐burzlaff/
| | - Eike Hübner
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, Technical University Clausthal, Leibnizstraße 6, 38678 Clausthal‐Zellerfeld, Germany
| | - Rik R. Tykwinski
- Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), University of Erlangen‐Nürnberg, Henkestraße 42, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nicolai Burzlaff
- Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), University of Erlangen‐Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany, http://https://www.chemie.uni‐erlangen.de/dcp/forschung/arbeitskreise/arbeitskreis‐burzlaff/
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