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Aksić J, Genčić M, Stojanović N, Radulović N, Zlatković D, Dimitrijević M, Stojanović-Radić Z, Srbljanović J, Štajner T, Jovanović L. New Iron Twist to Chloroquine─Upgrading Antimalarials with Immunomodulatory and Antimicrobial Features. J Med Chem 2023; 66:2084-2101. [PMID: 36661364 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Herein, upgraded chloroquine (CQ) derivatives capable of overcoming Plasmodium resistance and, at the same time, suppressing excessive immune response and risk of concurrent bacteremia were developed. Twelve new ferrocene-CQ hybrids tethered with a small azathia heterocycle (1,3-thiazolidin-4-one, 1,3-thiazinan-4-one, or 5-methyl-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one) were synthesized and fully characterized. All hybrids were evaluated for their in vitro antiplasmodial, antimicrobial, and immunomodulatory activities. Additional assays were performed on selected hybrids to gain insights into their mode of action. Although only hybrid 4a was more potent than the parent drug toward CQ-resistant Dd2 Plasmodium falciparum strain, several other hybrids (such as 6b, 6c, and 6d) manifested substantially improved antimicrobial and immunomodulatory properties. Interesting structure-activity relationship data were obtained, hinting at future research for the development of new multitarget chemotherapies for malaria and other infectious diseases complicated by drug resistance, bacterial co-infection, and immune-driven pathology issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Aksić
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, 18000Niš, Serbia
| | - Marija Genčić
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, 18000Niš, Serbia
| | - Nikola Stojanović
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Bulevar Zorana D̵ind̵ića 81, 18000Niš, Serbia
| | - Niko Radulović
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, 18000Niš, Serbia
| | - Dragan Zlatković
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, 18000Niš, Serbia
| | - Marina Dimitrijević
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, 18000Niš, Serbia
| | - Zorica Stojanović-Radić
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, 18000Niš, Serbia
| | - Jelena Srbljanović
- National Reference Laboratory for Toxoplasmosis, Centre for Parasitic Zoonoses, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotića 4, 11129Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tijana Štajner
- National Reference Laboratory for Toxoplasmosis, Centre for Parasitic Zoonoses, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotića 4, 11129Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ljiljana Jovanović
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000Novi Sad, Serbia
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2
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Miranda VM. Medicinal inorganic chemistry: an updated review on the status of metallodrugs and prominent metallodrug candidates. REV INORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/revic-2020-0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Metallodrugs correspond to a small portion of all available drugs in the market and, yet, some of them are among the most used and important drugs in modern medicine. However, medicinal inorganic chemistry remains an underestimated area within medicinal chemistry and the main reason is the mislead association of metals to toxic agents. Thus, in this review, the potential of medicinal inorganic chemistry in drug designing is highlighted through a description of the current status of metallodrugs and metallodrug candidates in advanced clinical trials. The broad spectrum of application of metal-based drugs in medicine for both therapy and diagnosis is addressed by the extensive list of examples presented herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor M. Miranda
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo , São Carlos , SP , Brazil
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3
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Peter S, Morifi E, Aderibigbe BA. Hybrid Compounds Containing a Ferrocene Scaffold as Potential Antimalarials. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202004710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sijongesonke Peter
- Department of Chemistry University of Fort Hare, Alice Campus Alice 5700, Eastern Cape South Africa
| | - Eric Morifi
- School of Chemistry, Mass Spectrometry Division University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg Private Bag X3 WITS 2050 South Africa
| | - Blessing A. Aderibigbe
- Department of Chemistry University of Fort Hare, Alice Campus Alice 5700, Eastern Cape South Africa
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4
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Mbaba M, Golding TM, Smith GS. Recent Advances in the Biological Investigation of Organometallic Platinum-Group Metal (Ir, Ru, Rh, Os, Pd, Pt) Complexes as Antimalarial Agents. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25225276. [PMID: 33198217 PMCID: PMC7698227 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the face of the recent pandemic and emergence of infectious diseases of viral origin, research on parasitic diseases such as malaria continues to remain critical and innovative methods are required to target the rising widespread resistance that renders conventional therapies unusable. The prolific use of auxiliary metallo-fragments has augmented the search for novel drug regimens in an attempt to combat rising resistance. The development of organometallic compounds (those containing metal-carbon bonds) as antimalarial drugs has been exemplified by the clinical development of ferroquine in the nascent field of Bioorganometallic Chemistry. With their inherent physicochemical properties, organometallic complexes can modulate the discipline of chemical biology by proffering different modes of action and targeting various enzymes. With the beneficiation of platinum group metals (PGMs) in mind, this review aims to describe recent studies on the antimalarial activity of PGM-based organometallic complexes. This review does not provide an exhaustive coverage of the literature but focusses on recent advances of bioorganometallic antimalarial drug leads, including a brief mention of recent trends comprising interactions with biomolecules such as heme and intracellular catalysis. This resource can be used in parallel with complementary reviews on metal-based complexes tested against malaria.
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5
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Chellan P, Sadler PJ. Enhancing the Activity of Drugs by Conjugation to Organometallic Fragments. Chemistry 2020; 26:8676-8688. [PMID: 32452579 PMCID: PMC7496994 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Resistance to chemotherapy is a current clinical problem, especially in the treatment of microbial infections and cancer. One strategy to overcome this is to make new derivatives of existing drugs by conjugation to organometallic fragments, either by an appropriate linker, or by direct coordination of the drug to a metal. We illustrate this with examples of conjugated organometallic metallocene sandwich and half-sandwich complexes, RuII and OsII arene, and RhIII and IrIII cyclopentadienyl half-sandwich complexes. Ferrocene conjugates are particularly promising. The ferrocene-chloroquine conjugate ferroquine is in clinical trials for malaria treatment, and a ferrocene-tamoxifen derivative (a ferrocifen) seems likely to enter anticancer trails soon. Several other examples illustrate that organometallic conjugation can restore the activity of drugs to which resistance has developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prinessa Chellan
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer ScienceStellenbosch University7600Matieland, Western CapeSouth Africa
| | - Peter J. Sadler
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of WarwickCoventryCV4 7ALUK
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6
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Singh A, Viljoen A, Kremer L, Kumar V. Synthesis and Antimycobacterial Evaluation of Piperazyl-alkyl-Ether Linked 7-Chloroquinoline-Chalcone/Ferrocenyl Chalcone Conjugates. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201801453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amandeep Singh
- Department of Chemistry; Guru Nanak Dev University; Amritsar-143005, Punjab India
| | - Albertus Viljoen
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie (IRIM), CNRS, UMR 9004, Université de Montpellier, ; France
| | - Laurent Kremer
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie (IRIM), CNRS, UMR 9004, Université de Montpellier, ; France
- INSERM, IRIM; 34293 Montpellier France
| | - Vipan Kumar
- Department of Chemistry; Guru Nanak Dev University; Amritsar-143005, Punjab India
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7
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Chellan P, Avery VM, Duffy S, Triccas JA, Nagalingam G, Tam C, Cheng LW, Liu J, Land KM, Clarkson GJ, Romero-Canelón I, Sadler PJ. Organometallic Conjugates of the Drug Sulfadoxine for Combatting Antimicrobial Resistance. Chemistry 2018; 24:10078-10090. [PMID: 29653033 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201801090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Fourteen novel arene RuII , and cyclopentadienyl (Cpx ) RhIII and IrIII complexes containing an N,N'-chelated pyridylimino- or quinolylimino ligand functionalized with the antimalarial drug sulfadoxine have been synthesized and characterized, including three by X-ray crystallography. The rhodium and iridium complexes exhibited potent antiplasmodial activity with IC50 values of 0.10-2.0 μm in either all, or one of the three Plasmodium falciparum assays (3D7 chloroquine sensitive, Dd2 chloroquine resistant and NF54 sexual late stage gametocytes) but were only moderately active towards Trichomonas vaginalis. They were active in both the asexual blood stage and the sexual late stage gametocyte assays, whereas the clinical parent drug, sulfadoxine, was inactive. Five complexes were moderately active against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (IC50 <6.3 μm), while sulfadoxine showed no antitubercular activity. An increase in the size of both the Cpx ligand and the aromatic imino substituent increased hydrophobicity, which resulted in an increase in antiplasmodial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prinessa Chellan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.,Current address: Stellenbosch University, Matieland, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Vicky M Avery
- Discovery Biology, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, 4111, Australia
| | - Sandra Duffy
- Discovery Biology, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, 4111, Australia
| | - James A Triccas
- Microbial Immunity and Pathogenesis Group, Department of, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Gayathri Nagalingam
- Microbial Immunity and Pathogenesis Group, Department of, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Christina Tam
- Foodborne Toxin Detection and Prevention Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Albany, CA, 94710, USA
| | - Luisa W Cheng
- Foodborne Toxin Detection and Prevention Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Albany, CA, 94710, USA
| | - Jenny Liu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA, 95211, USA
| | - Kirkwood M Land
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA, 95211, USA
| | - Guy J Clarkson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Isolda Romero-Canelón
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.,School of Pharmacy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Peter J Sadler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
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8
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Frei A, Mokolokolo PP, Bolliger R, Braband H, Tsosane MS, Brink A, Roodt A, Alberto R. Self-Assembled Multinuclear Complexes Incorporating 99m Tc. Chemistry 2018; 24:10397-10402. [PMID: 29672957 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201800600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Multinuclear complexes or clusters are rarely investigated in medicinal inorganic chemistry although they represent structural intermediates between molecules and nanomaterials. We present in this report two strategies towards 99m Tc-containing clusters. In a pre-assembly approach, the preformed but incomplete cluster fragment [Re3 (μ2 -OH)3 (μ3 -OH)(CO)9 ]- reacts with [99m Tc(CO)3 ]+ to the highly stable [99m TcRe3 (μ3 -OH)4 (CO)12 ] cube. The same structure self-assembles when reacting the mononuclear Re and 99m Tc precursors in one pot. Integrating the coordinating OH groups from Schiff bases in this concept leads straight to dinuclear, mixed-metal complexes of the type [99m TcRe(μ2 -O^N-R1 )2 (CO)6 ] in quantitative yields. Both strategies are unprecedented and open a future path towards clusters, incorporating a 99m Tc radiolabel while being decorated with targeting or cytotoxic moieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Frei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstr. 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pennie P Mokolokolo
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
| | - Robin Bolliger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstr. 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Henrik Braband
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstr. 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mampotso S Tsosane
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
| | - Alice Brink
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
| | - Andreas Roodt
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
| | - Roger Alberto
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstr. 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
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9
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Błauż A, Rychlik B, Makal A, Szulc K, Strzelczyk P, Bujacz G, Zakrzewski J, Woźniak K, Plażuk D. Ferrocene-Biotin Conjugates: Synthesis, Structure, Cytotoxic Activity and Interaction with Avidin. Chempluschem 2016; 81:1191-1201. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201600320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Błauż
- Cytometry Lab; Department of Molecular Biophysics; Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection; University of Łódź; 141/143 Pomorska St. 90-236 Łódź Poland
| | - Błażej Rychlik
- Cytometry Lab; Department of Molecular Biophysics; Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection; University of Łódź; 141/143 Pomorska St. 90-236 Łódź Poland
| | - Anna Makal
- Department of Chemistry; University of Warsaw; Pasteura, 1 02-093 Warszawa Poland
| | - Katarzyna Szulc
- Cytometry Lab; Department of Molecular Biophysics; Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection; University of Łódź; 141/143 Pomorska St. 90-236 Łódź Poland
| | - Paweł Strzelczyk
- Institute of Technical Biochemistry; Łódź University of Technology; Stefanowskiego 4/10 90-924 Łódź Poland
| | - Grzegorz Bujacz
- Institute of Technical Biochemistry; Łódź University of Technology; Stefanowskiego 4/10 90-924 Łódź Poland
| | - Janusz Zakrzewski
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Faculty of Chemistry; University of Łódź; Tamka 12 41-403 Łódź Poland
| | - Krzysztof Woźniak
- Department of Chemistry; University of Warsaw; Pasteura, 1 02-093 Warszawa Poland
| | - Damian Plażuk
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Faculty of Chemistry; University of Łódź; Tamka 12 41-403 Łódź Poland
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10
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Clède S, Cowan N, Lambert F, Bertrand HC, Rubbiani R, Patra M, Hess J, Sandt C, Trcera N, Gasser G, Keiser J, Policar C. Bimodal X-ray and Infrared Imaging of an Organometallic Derivative of Praziquantel inSchistosoma mansoni. Chembiochem 2016; 17:1004-7. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201500688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Clède
- École Normale Supérieure; PSL Research University; Département de Chimie; 24 rue Lhomond 75005 Paris France
- Sorbonne Universités; UPMC Univ Paris 06; LBM; 4 place Jussieu 75005 Paris France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); UMR 7203 LBM; 75005 Paris France
| | - Noemi Cowan
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology; Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel; P. O. Box 4003 Basel Switzerland
| | - François Lambert
- École Normale Supérieure; PSL Research University; Département de Chimie; 24 rue Lhomond 75005 Paris France
- Sorbonne Universités; UPMC Univ Paris 06; LBM; 4 place Jussieu 75005 Paris France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); UMR 7203 LBM; 75005 Paris France
| | - Hélène C. Bertrand
- École Normale Supérieure; PSL Research University; Département de Chimie; 24 rue Lhomond 75005 Paris France
- Sorbonne Universités; UPMC Univ Paris 06; LBM; 4 place Jussieu 75005 Paris France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); UMR 7203 LBM; 75005 Paris France
| | - Riccardo Rubbiani
- Department of Chemistry; University of Zürich; Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Malay Patra
- Department of Chemistry; University of Zürich; Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Jeannine Hess
- Department of Chemistry; University of Zürich; Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Christophe Sandt
- Synchrotron SOLEIL; L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint Aubin B. P. 48 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Nicolas Trcera
- Synchrotron SOLEIL; L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint Aubin B. P. 48 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Gilles Gasser
- Department of Chemistry; University of Zürich; Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Jennifer Keiser
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology; Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel; P. O. Box 4003 Basel Switzerland
| | - Clotilde Policar
- École Normale Supérieure; PSL Research University; Département de Chimie; 24 rue Lhomond 75005 Paris France
- Sorbonne Universités; UPMC Univ Paris 06; LBM; 4 place Jussieu 75005 Paris France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); UMR 7203 LBM; 75005 Paris France
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11
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Neidlinger A, Kienz T, Heinze K. Spin Trapping of Carbon-Centered Ferrocenyl Radicals with Nitrosobenzene. Organometallics 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.5b00778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Neidlinger
- Institute of Inorganic and
Analytical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Torben Kienz
- Institute of Inorganic and
Analytical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Katja Heinze
- Institute of Inorganic and
Analytical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
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12
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Gomes A, Machado M, Lobo L, Nogueira F, Prudêncio M, Teixeira C, Gomes P. N-Cinnamoylation of Antimalarial Classics: Effects of Using Acyl Groups Other than Cinnamoyl toward Dual-Stage Antimalarials. ChemMedChem 2015; 10:1344-9. [PMID: 26038181 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201500164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In a follow-up study to our reports of N-cinnamoylated chloroquine and quinacrine analogues as promising dual-stage antimalarial leads with high in vitro potency against both blood-stage Plasmodium falciparum and liver-stage Plasmodium berghei, we decided to investigate the effect of replacing the cinnamoyl moiety with other acyl groups. Thus, a series of N-acylated analogues were synthesized, and their activities against blood- and liver-stage Plasmodium spp. were assessed along with their in vitro cytotoxicities. Although the new N-acylated analogues were found to be somewhat less active and more cytotoxic than their N-cinnamoylated counterparts, they equally displayed nanomolar activities in vitro against blood-stage drug-sensitive and drug-resistant P. falciparum, and significant in vitro liver-stage activity against P. berghei. Therefore, it is demonstrated that simple N-acylated surrogates of classical antimalarial drugs are promising dual-stage antimalarial leads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Gomes
- CICECO, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro (Portugal)
| | - Marta Machado
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa (Portugal)
| | - Lis Lobo
- Centro de Malária e Outras Doenças Tropicais, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, R. da Junqueira 100, 1349-008 Lisboa (Portugal)
| | - Fátima Nogueira
- Centro de Malária e Outras Doenças Tropicais, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, R. da Junqueira 100, 1349-008 Lisboa (Portugal)
| | - Miguel Prudêncio
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa (Portugal)
| | - Cátia Teixeira
- CICECO, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro (Portugal).
| | - Paula Gomes
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto (Portugal).
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13
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Yousuf M, Mukherjee D, Pal A, Dey S, Mandal S, Pal C, Adhikari S. Synthesis and biological evaluation of ferrocenylquinoline as a potential antileishmanial agent. ChemMedChem 2015; 10:546-54. [PMID: 25619822 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201402537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of resistance against antileishmanial drugs in current use necessitates the search for new classes of antileishmanial compounds. Herein we report the design, synthesis, and evaluation of a novel ferrocenylquinoline for activity against Leishmania donovani. 7-Chloro-N-[2-(1H-5-ferrocenyl-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)ethyl]quinolin-4-amine (1) was generated by coupling an iron(II) ethynylferrocene species with 4-(2-ethylazido)amino-7-chloroquinoline using click chemistry. The synthesized compound 1 was tested for its antileishmanial activity using both promastigote and amastigote stages of L. donovani. Compound 1 showed promising anti-promastigote activity, with an IC50 value of 15.26 μM and no cytotoxicity toward host splenocytes. From the battery of tests conducted in this study, it appears that this compound induces parasite death by promoting oxidative stress and depolarizing the mitochondrial membrane potential, thereby triggering apoptosis. These results suggest that ferrocenylquinoline 1 is a suitable lead for the development of new antileishmanial drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Yousuf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92 A.P.C. Road, Kolkata 700 009 (India)
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14
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Kumar K, Pradines B, Madamet M, Amalvict R, Kumar V. 1H-1,2,3-triazole tethered mono- and bis-ferrocenylchalcone-β-lactam conjugates: Synthesis and antimalarial evaluation. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 86:113-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.08.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Revised: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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15
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de Oliveira AC, da Silva EG, Rocha DD, Hillard EA, Pigeon P, Jaouen G, Rodrigues FAR, de Abreu FC, da Rocha Ferreira F, Goulart MOF, Costa-Lotufo LV. Molecular Mechanism of Action of 2-Ferrocenyl-1,1-diphenylbut-1-ene on HL-60 Leukemia Cells. ChemMedChem 2014; 9:2580-6. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201402219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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