1
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Braun C, Wingen LM, Menche D. Strategies and tactics for the synthesis of lipid I and II and shortened analogues: functional building blocks of bacterial cell wall biosynthesis. Nat Prod Rep 2023; 40:1718-1734. [PMID: 37492928 DOI: 10.1039/d3np00018d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Covering: the literature up to 2022This study discusses various synthetic strategies for the synthesis of lipid II, the pivotal bacterial cell wall precursor. In detail, it examines different solution phase approaches, reviews various solid phase sequences, and evaluates enzymatic ventures. The underlying rationale, scope, limitations, and perspectives of these strategies are discussed. The focus is on the tactics and strategies towards the authentic peptidoglycan compound, as well as analogues thereof with shortened side chains, which are increasingly recognized as more beneficial surrogates with more favorable physicochemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Braun
- Kekulé Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, D-53121 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Lukas Martin Wingen
- Kekulé Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, D-53121 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Dirk Menche
- Kekulé Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, D-53121 Bonn, Germany.
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2
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Vacariu CM, Tanner ME. Recent Advances in the Synthesis and Biological Applications of Peptidoglycan Fragments. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200788. [PMID: 35560956 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The biosynthesis, breakdown, and modification of peptidoglycan (PG) play vital roles in both bacterial viability and in the response of human physiology to bacterial infection. Studies on PG biochemistry are hampered by the fact that PG is an inhomogeneous insoluble macromolecule. Chemical synthesis is therefore an important means to obtain PG fragments that may serve as enzyme substrates and elicitors of the human immune response. This review outlines the recent advances in the synthesis and biochemical studies of PG fragments, PG biosynthetic intermediates (such as Park's nucleotides and PG lipids), and PG breakdown products (such as muramyl dipeptides and anhydro-muramic acid-containing fragments). A rich variety of synthetic approaches has been applied to preparing such compounds since carbohydrate, peptide, and phospholipid chemical methodologies must all be applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Condurache M Vacariu
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, V6T 1Z1, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Martin E Tanner
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, V6T 1Z1, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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3
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Zheng Y, Zhang J, Meisner J, Li W, Luo Y, Wei F, Wen L. Cofactor-Driven Cascade Reactions Enable the Efficient Preparation of Sugar Nucleotides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202115696. [PMID: 35212445 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202115696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Glycosylation is catalyzed by glycosyltransferases using sugar nucleotides or occasionally lipid-linked phosphosugars as donors. However, only very few common sugar nucleotides that occur in humans can be obtained readily, while the majority of sugar nucleotides that exist in bacteria, plants, archaea, or viruses cannot be synthesized in sufficient quantities by either enzymatic or chemical synthesis. The limited availability of such rare sugar nucleotides is one of the major obstacles that has greatly hampered progress in glycoscience. Herein we describe a general cofactor-driven cascade conversion strategy for the efficient synthesis of sugar nucleotides. The described strategy allows the large-scale preparation of rare sugar nucleotides from common sugars in high yields and without the need for tedious purification processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zheng
- Carbohydrate-Based Drug Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Media, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jiabin Zhang
- Carbohydrate-Based Drug Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Media, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.,Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Media, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan, Guangdong, 528400, China
| | | | - Wanjin Li
- Carbohydrate-Based Drug Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Media, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yawen Luo
- Carbohydrate-Based Drug Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Media, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Fangyu Wei
- Carbohydrate-Based Drug Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Media, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Liuqing Wen
- Carbohydrate-Based Drug Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Media, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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4
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Wen L, Zheng Y, Zhang J, Meisner J, Li W, Luo Y, Wei F. Cofactor‐Driven Cascade Reactions Enable the Efficient Preparation of Sugar Nucleotides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202115696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liuqing Wen
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences Chemistry 501 Haike Road 30303 shanghai CHINA
| | - Yuan Zheng
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences Carbohydrate-based drug research center CHINA
| | - Jiabinq Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences Carbohydrate-based drug research center CHINA
| | | | - Wanjin Li
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences carbohydrate-based drug research center CHINA
| | - Yawen Luo
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences cArbohydrate-based drug research center CHINA
| | - Fangyu Wei
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences carbohydrate-based drug research center CHINA
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5
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Fonvielle M, Bouhss A, Hoareau C, Patin D, Mengin-Lecreulx D, Iannazzo L, Sakkas N, El Sagheer A, Brown T, Ethève-Quelquejeu M, Arthur M. Synthesis of Lipid-Carbohydrate-Peptidyl-RNA Conjugates to Explore the Limits Imposed by the Substrate Specificity of Cell Wall Enzymes on the Acquisition of Drug Resistance. Chemistry 2018; 24:14911-14915. [PMID: 30020544 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201802360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Conjugation of RNA with multiple partners to obtain mimics of complex biomolecules is limited by the identification of orthogonal reactions. Here, lipid-carbohydrate-peptidyl-RNA conjugates were obtained by post-functionalization reactions, solid-phase synthesis, and enzymatic steps, to generate molecules mimicking the substrates of FmhB, an essential peptidoglycan synthesis enzyme of Staphylococcus aureus. Mimics of Gly-tRNAGly and lipid intermediate II (undecaprenyl-diphospho-disaccharide-pentapeptide) were combined in a single "bi-substrate" inhibitor (IC50 =56 nm). The synthetic route was exploited to generate substrates and inhibitors containing d-lactate residue (d-Lac) instead of d-Ala at the C-terminus of the pentapeptide stem, a modification responsible for vancomycin resistance in the enterococci. The substitution impaired recognition of peptidoglycan precursors by FmhB. The associated fitness cost may account for limited dissemination of vancomycin resistance genes in S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Fonvielle
- INSERM UMRS 1138, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06;, 'Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Ahmed Bouhss
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France.,Present address: Laboratoire Structure-Activité des Biomolécules, Normales et Pathologiques (SABNP), Univ Evry, INSERM U1204, Université Paris-Saclay, 91025, Evry, France
| | - Coralie Hoareau
- INSERM UMRS 1138, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06;, 'Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Delphine Patin
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Dominique Mengin-Lecreulx
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Laura Iannazzo
- Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, Université Paris Descartes, UMR 8601, Paris, F-75005, France.,CNRS UMR 8601, Paris, F-75006, France
| | - Nicolas Sakkas
- Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, Université Paris Descartes, UMR 8601, Paris, F-75005, France.,CNRS UMR 8601, Paris, F-75006, France
| | - Affaf El Sagheer
- Chemistry Branch, Dept. of Science and Mathematics, Faculty of Petroleum and Mining Engineering, Suez University, Suez, 43721, Egypt.,Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Tom Brown
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Mélanie Ethève-Quelquejeu
- Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, Université Paris Descartes, UMR 8601, Paris, F-75005, France.,CNRS UMR 8601, Paris, F-75006, France
| | - Michel Arthur
- INSERM UMRS 1138, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06;, 'Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006, Paris, France
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6
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Ngadjeua F, Braud E, Saidjalolov S, Iannazzo L, Schnappinger D, Ehrt S, Hugonnet JE, Mengin-Lecreulx D, Patin D, Ethève-Quelquejeu M, Fonvielle M, Arthur M. Critical Impact of Peptidoglycan Precursor Amidation on the Activity ofl,d-Transpeptidases fromEnterococcus faeciumandMycobacterium tuberculosis. Chemistry 2018; 24:5743-5747. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201706082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Flora Ngadjeua
- INSERM UMRS 1138; Sorbonne Universités UPMC Univ Paris 06
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers; 75006 Paris France
| | - Emmanuelle Braud
- Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie, Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques; Université Paris Descartes, UMR 8601; Paris 75005 France
- CNRS UMR 8601; Paris 75006 France
| | - Saidbakhrom Saidjalolov
- Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie, Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques; Université Paris Descartes, UMR 8601; Paris 75005 France
- CNRS UMR 8601; Paris 75006 France
| | - Laura Iannazzo
- Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie, Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques; Université Paris Descartes, UMR 8601; Paris 75005 France
- CNRS UMR 8601; Paris 75006 France
| | - Dirk Schnappinger
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Weill Cornell Medical College; New York NY 10021 USA
| | - Sabine Ehrt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Weill Cornell Medical College; New York NY 10021 USA
| | - Jean-Emmanuel Hugonnet
- INSERM UMRS 1138; Sorbonne Universités UPMC Univ Paris 06
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers; 75006 Paris France
| | - Dominique Mengin-Lecreulx
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ Paris-Sud; Université Paris-Saclay; 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex France
| | - Delphine Patin
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ Paris-Sud; Université Paris-Saclay; 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex France
| | - Mélanie Ethève-Quelquejeu
- Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie, Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques; Université Paris Descartes, UMR 8601; Paris 75005 France
- CNRS UMR 8601; Paris 75006 France
| | - Matthieu Fonvielle
- INSERM UMRS 1138; Sorbonne Universités UPMC Univ Paris 06
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers; 75006 Paris France
| | - Michel Arthur
- INSERM UMRS 1138; Sorbonne Universités UPMC Univ Paris 06
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers; 75006 Paris France
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7
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Wohnig S, Spork AP, Koppermann S, Mieskes G, Gisch N, Jahn R, Ducho C. Total Synthesis of Dansylated Park's Nucleotide for High-Throughput MraY Assays. Chemistry 2016; 22:17813-17819. [PMID: 27791327 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201604279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The membrane protein translocase I (MraY) is a key enzyme in bacterial peptidoglycan biosynthesis. It is therefore frequently discussed as a target for the development of novel antibiotics. The screening of compound libraries for the identification of MraY inhibitors is enabled by an established fluorescence-based MraY assay. However, this assay requires a dansylated derivative of the bacterial biosynthetic intermediate Park's nucleotide as the MraY substrate. Isolation of Park's nucleotide from bacteria and subsequent dansylation only furnishes limited amounts of this substrate, thus hampering the high-throughput screening for MraY inhibitors. Accordingly, the efficient provision of dansylated Park's nucleotide is a major bottleneck in the exploration of this promising drug target. In this work, we present the first total synthesis of dansylated Park's nucleotide, affording an unprecedented amount of the target compound for high-throughput MraY assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Wohnig
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus C2 3, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, Institute of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Tammannstr. 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anatol P Spork
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus C2 3, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, Institute of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Tammannstr. 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.,Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Koppermann
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus C2 3, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, Institute of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Tammannstr. 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gottfried Mieskes
- Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Nicolas Gisch
- Division of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz-Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Parkallee 1-40, 23845, Borstel, Germany
| | - Reinhard Jahn
- Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christian Ducho
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus C2 3, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, Institute of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Tammannstr. 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
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