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Kirchner B, Blasius J, Alizadeh V, Gansäuer A, Hollóczki O. Chemistry Dissolved in Ionic Liquids. A Theoretical Perspective. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:766-777. [PMID: 35034453 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c09092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The theoretical treatment of ionic liquids must focus now on more realistic models while at the same time keeping an accurate methodology when following recent ionic liquids research trends or allowing predictability to come to the foreground. In this Perspective, we summarize in three cases of advanced ionic liquid research what methodological progress has been made and point out difficulties that need to be overcome. As particular examples to discuss we choose reactions, chirality, and radicals in ionic liquids. All these topics have in common that an explicit or accurate treatment of the electronic structure and/or intermolecular interactions is required (accurate methodology), while at the same time system size and complexity as well as simulation time (realistic model) play an important role and must be covered as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Kirchner
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bonn, Beringstraße 4+6, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jan Blasius
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bonn, Beringstraße 4+6, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Vahideh Alizadeh
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bonn, Beringstraße 4+6, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas Gansäuer
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Oldamur Hollóczki
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bonn, Beringstraße 4+6, D-53115 Bonn, Germany.,Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4010 Debrecen, Hungary
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Alizadeh V, Esser L, Kirchner B. How is CO2 absorbed into a deep eutectic solvent? J Chem Phys 2021; 154:094503. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0038093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Vahideh Alizadeh
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bonn, Beringstraße 4+6, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Lars Esser
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bonn, Beringstraße 4+6, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Barbara Kirchner
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bonn, Beringstraße 4+6, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
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Cantu DC, Malhotra D, Nguyen MT, Koech PK, Zhang D, Glezakou VA, Rousseau R, Page J, Zheng R, Perry RJ, Heldebrant DJ. Molecular-Level Overhaul of γ-Aminopropyl Aminosilicone/Triethylene Glycol Post-Combustion CO 2 -Capture Solvents. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:3429-3438. [PMID: 32369677 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202000724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Capturing carbon dioxide from post-combustion gas streams is an energy-intensive process that is required prior to either converting or sequestering CO2 . Although a few commercial 1st and 2nd generation aqueous amine technologies have been proposed, the cost of capturing CO2 with these technologies remains high. One approach to decrease costs of capture has been the development of water-lean solvents that aim to increase efficiency by reducing the water content in solution. Water-lean solvents, such as γ-aminopropyl aminosilicone/triethylene glycol (GAP/TEG), are promising technologies, with the potential to halve the parasitic load to a coal-fired power plant, albeit only if high solution viscosities and hydrolysis of the siloxane moieties can be mitigated. This study concerns an integrated multidisciplinary approach to overhaul the GAP/TEG solvent system at the molecular level to mitigate hydrolysis while also reducing viscosity. Cosolvents and diluents are found to have negligible effects on viscosity and are not needed. This finding allows for the design of single-component siloxane-free diamine derivatives with site-specific incorporation of selective chemical moieties for direct placement and orientation of hydrogen bonding to reduce viscosity. Ultimately, these new formulations are less susceptible to hydrolysis and exhibit up to a 98 % reduction in viscosity compared to the initial GAP/TEG formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Cantu
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
- Present Address: Chemical and Materials Engineering Department, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
| | - Deepika Malhotra
- Energy Processes and Materials Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Manh-Thuong Nguyen
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Phillip K Koech
- Energy Processes and Materials Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Difan Zhang
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | | | - Roger Rousseau
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Jordan Page
- Energy Processes and Materials Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Richard Zheng
- Energy Processes and Materials Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Robert J Perry
- GE Global Research, 1 Research Circle, Niskayuna, NY, 12309, USA
| | - David J Heldebrant
- Energy Processes and Materials Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
- Washington State University, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
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Wang Z, Xue XS, Fu Y, Ji P. Comprehensive Basicity Scales for N-Heterocyclic Carbenes in DMSO: Implications on the Stabilities of N-Heterocyclic Carbene and CO 2 Adducts. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:169-181. [PMID: 31773893 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201901418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A very broad acidity scale (≈40 pK units) for about 400 N-heterocyclic carbene precursors (NHCPs) with various backbones and electronic features, including imidazolylidenes, 1,2,4-triazolylidenes, cyclic diaminocarbenes (CDACs), diamidocarbenes (DACs), thiazolylidenes, cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbenes (CAACs) and mesoionic carbenes (MICs), was established in DMSO by a well examined computational method. Varying the backbone structure or flanking N-substituents can have different extent of acidifying effects, depending on both the nature and number of substituent(s). The Gibbs energies (ΔGr s) for the reactions between the corresponding NHCs and CO2 were also calculated. There is a good linear correlation between the pKa s of most NHCPs and ΔGr s, suggesting that a greater basicity of NHC leads to a more stable NHC-CO2 adduct. Interestingly, the nearby asymmetric environment has virtually no differential effect on the acidities of the chiral NHCP enantiomers, but has a pronounced effect on the ΔGr values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Xiao-Song Xue
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, 455000, China.,State Key Laboratory on Elemento-organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yanhua Fu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Pengju Ji
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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Alizadeh V, Geller D, Malberg F, Sánchez PB, Padua A, Kirchner B. Strong Microheterogeneity in Novel Deep Eutectic Solvents. Chemphyschem 2019; 20:1786-1792. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201900307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vahideh Alizadeh
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical ChemistryUniversity of Bonn Beringstraße 4+6 D-53115 Bonn Germany
- Department of ChemistryInstitute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS) Zanjan Iran
| | - David Geller
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical ChemistryUniversity of Bonn Beringstraße 4+6 D-53115 Bonn Germany
| | - Friedrich Malberg
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical ChemistryUniversity of Bonn Beringstraße 4+6 D-53115 Bonn Germany
| | - Pablo B. Sánchez
- Dpto. Física Aplicada, Facultad de CienciasUniversidad de Vigo Campus Lagoas-Marcosende s/n 36310 VIGO – Spain
| | - Agilio Padua
- École Normale Supérieure de LyonLaboratoire de Chimie 46 allée d'Italie 69364 Lyon cedex 07 France
| | - Barbara Kirchner
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical ChemistryUniversity of Bonn Beringstraße 4+6 D-53115 Bonn Germany
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Torrent-Sucarrat M, Varandas AJC. Carbon Dioxide Capture and Release by Anions with Solvent-Dependent Behaviour: A Theoretical Study. Chemistry 2016; 22:14056-14063. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201602538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miquel Torrent-Sucarrat
- Departamento de Química and Centro de Química; Universidade de Coimbra; 3004-535 Coimbra Portugal
| | - António J. C. Varandas
- Departamento de Química and Centro de Química; Universidade de Coimbra; 3004-535 Coimbra Portugal
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Firaha DS, Kirchner B. Tuning the Carbon Dioxide Absorption in Amino Acid Ionic Liquids. CHEMSUSCHEM 2016; 9:1591-1599. [PMID: 27214652 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201600126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
One of the possible solutions to prevent global climate change is the reduction of CO2 emissions, which is highly desired for the sustainable development of our society. In this work, the chemical absorption of carbon dioxide in amino acid ionic liquids was studied through first-principles methods. The use of readily accessible and biodegradable amino acids as building blocks for ionic liquids makes them highly promising replacements for the widely applied hazardous aqueous solutions of amines. A detailed insight into the reaction mechanism of the CO2 absorption was obtained through state-of-the-art theoretical methods. This allowed us to determine the reason for the specific CO2 capacities found experimentally. Moreover, we have also conducted a theoretical design of ionic liquids to provide valuable insights into the precise tuning of the energetic and kinetic parameters of the CO2 absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dzmitry S Firaha
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, University of Bonn, Beringstrasse 4+6, Bonn, 53115, Germany), Fax: (+49) 0228/73-60442, Tel: (+49) 0228/73-9064
| | - Barbara Kirchner
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, University of Bonn, Beringstrasse 4+6, Bonn, 53115, Germany), Fax: (+49) 0228/73-60442, Tel: (+49) 0228/73-9064.
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Kirchner B, Malberg F, Firaha DS, Hollóczki O. Ion pairing in ionic liquids. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2015; 27:463002. [PMID: 26509867 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/27/46/463002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In the present article we briefly review the extensive discussion in literature about the presence or absence of ion pair-like aggregates in ionic liquids. While some experimental studies point towards the presence of neutral subunits in ionic liquids, many other experiments cannot confirm or even contradict their existence. Ion pairs can be detected directly in the gas phase, but no direct method is available to observe such association behavior in the liquid, and the corresponding indirect experimental proofs are based on such assumptions as unity charges at the ions. However, we have shown by calculating ionic liquid clusters of different sizes that assuming unity charges for ILs is erroneous, because a substantial charge transfer is taking place between the ionic liquid ions that reduce their total charge. Considering these effects might establish a bridge between the contradicting experimental results on this matter. Beside these results, according to molecular dynamics simulations the lifetimes of ion-ion contacts and their joint motions are far too short to verify the existence of neutral units in these materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Kirchner
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie Universität Bonn, Beringstraße 4+6, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
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