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Syntaxin Clustering and Optogenetic Control for Synaptic Membrane Fusion. J Mol Biol 2020; 432:4773-4782. [PMID: 32682743 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2020.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Membrane fusion during synaptic transmission mediates the trafficking of chemical signals and neuronal communication. The fast kinetics of membrane fusion on the order of millisecond is precisely regulated by the assembly of SNAREs and accessory proteins. It is believed that the formation of the SNARE complex is a key step during membrane fusion. Little is known, however, about the molecular machinery that mediates the formation of a large pre-fusion complex, including multiple SNAREs and accessory proteins. Syntaxin, a transmembrane protein on the plasma membrane, has been observed to undergo oligomerization to form clusters. Whether this clustering plays a critical role in membrane fusion is poorly understood in live cells. Optogenetics is an emerging biotechnology armed with the capacity to precisely modulate protein-protein interaction in time and space. Here, we propose an experimental scheme that combines optogenetics with single-vesicle membrane fusion, aiming to gain a better understanding of the molecular mechanism by which the syntaxin cluster regulates membrane fusion. We envision that newly developed optogenetic tools could facilitate the mechanistic understanding of synaptic transmission in live cells and animals.
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Ueda Y, Sato M. Induction of Signal Transduction by Using Non-Channelrhodopsin-Type Optogenetic Tools. Chembiochem 2018; 19:1217-1231. [PMID: 29577530 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201700635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Signal transductions are the basis for all cellular functions. Previous studies investigating signal transductions mainly relied on pharmacological inhibition, RNA interference, and constitutive active/dominant negative protein expression systems. However, such studies do not allow the modulation of protein activity with high spatial and temporal precision in cells, tissues, and organs in animals. Recently, non-channelrhodopsin-type optogenetic tools for regulating signal transduction have emerged. These photoswitches address several disadvantages of previous techniques, and allow us to control a variety of signal transductions such as cell membrane dynamics, calcium signaling, lipid signaling, and apoptosis. In this review we summarize recent advances in the development of such photoswitches and in how these optotools are applied to signaling processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshibumi Ueda
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan
- AMED-PRIME (Japan), Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Moritoshi Sato
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan
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O'Banion CP, Lawrence DS. Optogenetics: A Primer for Chemists. Chembiochem 2018; 19:1201-1216. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201800013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Colin P. O'Banion
- Department of Chemistry; Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry and; Department of Pharmacology; University of North Carolina; Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA
| | - David S. Lawrence
- Department of Chemistry; Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry and; Department of Pharmacology; University of North Carolina; Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA
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Hughes RM, Marvin CM, Rodgers ZL, Ding S, Oien NP, Smith WJ, Lawrence DS. Phototriggered Secretion of Membrane Compartmentalized Bioactive Agents. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201609731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert M. Hughes
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, and Department of Pharmacology; University of North Carolina; Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA
- Current address: Department of Chemistry, 300 Science & Technology Building; East Carolina University; Greenville NC 27858 USA
| | - Christina M. Marvin
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, and Department of Pharmacology; University of North Carolina; Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA
| | - Zachary L. Rodgers
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, and Department of Pharmacology; University of North Carolina; Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA
- Current address: Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy; University of North Carolina; Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA
| | - Song Ding
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, and Department of Pharmacology; University of North Carolina; Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA
| | - Nathan P. Oien
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, and Department of Pharmacology; University of North Carolina; Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA
- Current address: KBI Biopharma; 1101 Hamlin Rd Durham NC 27704 USA
| | - Weston J. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, and Department of Pharmacology; University of North Carolina; Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA
- Current address: Skaggs School of Pharmacy; University of Colorado; 12850 E. Montview Blvd Aurora CO 80045 USA
| | - David S. Lawrence
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, and Department of Pharmacology; University of North Carolina; Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA
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Hughes RM, Marvin CM, Rodgers ZL, Ding S, Oien NP, Smith WJ, Lawrence DS. Phototriggered Secretion of Membrane Compartmentalized Bioactive Agents. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:16080-16083. [PMID: 27874260 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201609731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A strategy for the light-activated release of bioactive compounds (BODIPY, colchicine, paclitaxel, and methotrexate) from membrane-enclosed depots is described. We have found that membrane-permeable bioagents can be rendered membrane impermeable by covalent attachment to cobalamin (Cbl) through a photocleavable linker. These Cbl-bioagent conjugates are imprisoned within lipid-enclosed compartments in the dark, as exemplified by their retention in the interior of erythrocytes. Subsequent illumination drives the secretion of the bioactive species from red blood cells. Photorelease is triggered by wavelengths in the red, far-red, and near-IR regions, which can be pre-assigned by affixing a fluorophore with the desired excitation wavelength to the Cbl-bioagent conjugate. Pre-assigned wavelengths allow different biologically active compounds to be specifically and unambiguously photoreleased from common carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Hughes
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, and Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.,Current address: Department of Chemistry, 300 Science & Technology Building, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA
| | - Christina M Marvin
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, and Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Zachary L Rodgers
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, and Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.,Current address: Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Song Ding
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, and Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Nathan P Oien
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, and Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.,Current address: KBI Biopharma, 1101 Hamlin Rd, Durham, NC, 27704, USA
| | - Weston J Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, and Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.,Current address: Skaggs School of Pharmacy, University of Colorado, 12850 E. Montview Blvd, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - David S Lawrence
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, and Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
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