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Abstract
9-Substituted carbazoles are widely used units in materials science, and their oxidative reactions have been utilized for the synthesis and characterization of polymers. Though the oxidative mechanism of carbazoles has been known for a few decades, structural definition has remained difficult, because their polymers are generally insoluble with incomplete characterization and unknown dependence of the electrochemical potentials. The oxidative reactions of 9-substituted carbazoles should be carefully considered under specific oxidative conditions; otherwise, structure definitions could be wrong, because the IR and NMR spectra used previously cannot quantitatively analyze 3,3'-coupling and 6,6'-coupling of carbazoles. In this review, the best understanding of the C3-C3' and C6-C6' oxidative couplings of 9-substituted carbazoles is presented, and the benefit of these oxidative reactions from the viewpoints of electrochemical synthesis, film engineering, and the synthesis and processing of polymers is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.R. China
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Zhang J, Du J, Wang J, Wang Y, Wei C, Li M. Vertical Step‐Growth Polymerization Driven by Electrochemical Stimuli from an Electrode. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201809567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and ChemistryChangchun Institute of Applied Chemistry (CIAC) Changchun 130022 China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Jia Du
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and ChemistryChangchun Institute of Applied Chemistry (CIAC) Changchun 130022 China
| | - Jinxin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and ChemistryChangchun Institute of Applied Chemistry (CIAC) Changchun 130022 China
- University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
| | - Yanfang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and ChemistryChangchun Institute of Applied Chemistry (CIAC) Changchun 130022 China
| | - Chang Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and ChemistryChangchun Institute of Applied Chemistry (CIAC) Changchun 130022 China
- University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
| | - Mao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and ChemistryChangchun Institute of Applied Chemistry (CIAC) Changchun 130022 China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
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Zhang J, Du J, Wang J, Wang Y, Wei C, Li M. Vertical Step‐Growth Polymerization Driven by Electrochemical Stimuli from an Electrode. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:16698-16702. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201809567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and ChemistryChangchun Institute of Applied Chemistry (CIAC) Changchun 130022 China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Jia Du
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and ChemistryChangchun Institute of Applied Chemistry (CIAC) Changchun 130022 China
| | - Jinxin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and ChemistryChangchun Institute of Applied Chemistry (CIAC) Changchun 130022 China
- University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
| | - Yanfang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and ChemistryChangchun Institute of Applied Chemistry (CIAC) Changchun 130022 China
| | - Chang Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and ChemistryChangchun Institute of Applied Chemistry (CIAC) Changchun 130022 China
- University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
| | - Mao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and ChemistryChangchun Institute of Applied Chemistry (CIAC) Changchun 130022 China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
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Ariga K, Jackman JA, Cho NJ, Hsu SH, Shrestha LK, Mori T, Takeya J. Nanoarchitectonic-Based Material Platforms for Environmental and Bioprocessing Applications. CHEM REC 2018; 19:1891-1912. [PMID: 30230688 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201800103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The challenges of pollution, environmental science, and energy consumption have become global issues of broad societal importance. In order to address these challenges, novel functional systems and advanced materials are needed to achieve high efficiency, low emission, and environmentally friendly performance. A promising approach involves nanostructure-level controls of functional material design through a novel concept, nanoarchitectonics. In this account article, we summarize nanoarchitectonic approaches to create nanoscale platform structures that are potentially useful for environmentally green and bioprocessing applications. The introduced platforms are roughly classified into (i) membrane platforms and (ii) nanostructured platforms. The examples are discussed together with the relevant chemical processes, environmental sensing, bio-related interaction analyses, materials for environmental remediation, non-precious metal catalysts, and facile separation for biomedical uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiko Ariga
- WPI Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan.,Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8561, Japan
| | - Joshua A Jackman
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637553, Singapore.,Department of Medicine, Stanford University Stanford, California, 94305, USA
| | - Nam-Joon Cho
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637553, Singapore.,School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
| | - Shan-Hui Hsu
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4 Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Lok Kumar Shrestha
- WPI Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Taizo Mori
- WPI Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan.,Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8561, Japan
| | - Jun Takeya
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8561, Japan
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