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Divergent Copper-salt-controlled Reactions of Donor-Acceptor Cyclopropanes and N-Fluorobenzene Sulfonimide: Access to the 1,3-Haloamines and Aminoindanes. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202202544. [PMID: 36222209 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We herein report a method for divergent copper salt controlled reactions of donor-acceptor cyclopropanes and N-fluorobenzene sulfonimide (NFSI). Specifically, in the presence of CuX2 (X=Cl, Br), the cyclopropanes underwent formal umpolung 1,3-aminohalogenation bifunctionalization via a free radical mediated ring-opening process to afford 1,3-aminochlorination and 1,3-aminobromination products in moderate to good yields. In addition, by using CuI as a catalyst, we synthesized various aminoindane derivatives via 1,3-aminoarylation cyclization of D-A cyclopropanes, the reactions involved a free radical mediated ring-opening and subsequent ring expansion via C-H bond activation.
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2
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1,3‐Dipolar
versus
Nucleophilic Reactivity of Diaziridines Based on 3,4‐Dihydroisoquinoline toward Aryl Iso(thio)cyanates. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202202627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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3
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Enantioselective (8+3) Cycloadditions by Activation of Donor–Acceptor Cyclopropanes Employing Chiral Brønsted Base Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202206096. [PMID: 35580010 PMCID: PMC9401081 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202206096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A novel enantioselective (8+3) cycloaddition between donor–acceptor cyclopropanes and heptafulvenoids catalysed by a chiral bifunctional Brønsted base is described. Importantly, the reaction, which leverages an anionic activation strategy, is divergent from prototypical Lewis‐acid activation protocols. A series of cyclopropylketones react with tropones affording the desired (8+3) cycloadducts in high yield and enantiomeric excess. For barbiturate substituted heptafulvenes, the (8+3) cycloaddition with cyclopropylketones proceeds in good yield, excellent diastereoselectivity and high enantiomeric excess. The experimental work is supported by DFT calculations, which indicate that the bifunctional organocatalyst activates both the donor–acceptor cyclopropane and tropone; the reaction proceeds in a step‐wise manner with the ring‐closure being the stereodetermining step.
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4
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Enantioselective (8+3) Cycloadditions by Activation of Donor–Acceptor Cyclopropanes Employing Chiral Brønsted Base Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202206096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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5
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A base-mediated aerobic oxidative synthesis of cyclopent-2-enol derivatives from doubly activated cyclopropanes and substituted acetonitriles. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:1095-1102. [PMID: 35019920 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob02155a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
We report here that polysubstituted cyclopent-2-enols can be constructed by the one-pot reaction of doubly activated cyclopropanes and α-EWG substituted acetonitriles under mild basic conditions via a domino-ring-opening-cyclization/deacylation/oxidation sequence. Moreover, the synthetic applications of these cyclopent-2-enols have been demonstrated in the late-stage derivatization into functionalized cyclopentapyrimidin-4-ones and 2-hydroxy cyclopentanones with good yields.
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6
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Synthesis of Diverse Heterocyclic Scaffolds by (3+3) and (3+4) Cycloannulations of Donor‐Acceptor Vinylcyclopropanes. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202101063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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7
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Lewis Acid‐Catalyzed Formal (4+2)‐ and (2+2+2)‐Cycloaddition Between 1‐Azadienes and Styrylmalonates as Analogues of Donor‐Acceptor Cyclopropanes. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202100453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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8
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Electrocatalytic Activation of Donor-Acceptor Cyclopropanes and Cyclobutanes: An Alternative C(sp 3 )-C(sp 3 ) Cleavage Mode. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:15928-15934. [PMID: 33890714 PMCID: PMC8362004 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202101477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
We describe the first electrochemical activation of D-A cyclopropanes and D-A cyclobutanes leading after C(sp3 )-C(sp3 ) cleavage to the formation of highly reactive radical cations. This concept is utilized to formally insert molecular oxygen after direct or DDQ-assisted anodic oxidation of the strained carbocycles, delivering β- and γ-hydroxy ketones and 1,2-dioxanes electrocatalytically. Furthermore, insights into the mechanism of the oxidative process, obtained experimentally and by additional quantum-chemical calculations are presented. The synthetic potential of the reaction products is demonstrated by diverse derivatizations.
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9
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Palladium-Catalyzed Cascade to Benzoxepins by Using Vinyl-Substituted Donor-Acceptor Cyclopropanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:14410-14414. [PMID: 33822456 PMCID: PMC8251625 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202102862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A palladium-catalyzed intermolecular cascade (4+3) cyclocondensation of salicylaldehydes and vinylcyclopropanes is reported. A key feature of the reaction is the use of a phosphonate group as an acceptor moiety on the cyclopropane, exploiting its propensity to undergo olefination with aldehydes. Subsequent O-allylation enabled the formation of a range of substituted benzoxepinsWith a novel chiral ligand, the products were obtained in generally good yield and with reasonable enantioselectivity.
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10
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Palladium‐Catalyzed Cascade to Benzoxepins by Using Vinyl‐Substituted Donor–Acceptor Cyclopropanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202102862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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11
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Electrocatalytic Activation of Donor–Acceptor Cyclopropanes and Cyclobutanes: An Alternative C(sp
3
)−C(sp
3
) Cleavage Mode. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202101477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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12
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Ketenedithioacetals as Surrogates for the Formal Insertion of Ketenes into Donor–Acceptor Cyclopropanes. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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13
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Donor–Acceptor Cyclopropanes as an Expedient Building Block Towards the Construction of Nitrogen‐Containing Molecules: An Update. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201901332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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14
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Uncovering the Neglected Similarities of Arynes and Donor-Acceptor Cyclopropanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:3385-3398. [PMID: 31529661 PMCID: PMC7065169 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201909213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Arynes and donor-acceptor (D-A) cyclopropanes are two classes of strained systems having the potential for numerous applications in organic synthesis. The last two decades have witnessed a renaissance of interest in the chemistry of these species primarily because of the mild and robust methods for their generation or activation. Commonly, arynes as easily polarizable systems result in 1,2-disubstitution, whereas D-A cyclopropanes as polarized systems lead to 1,3-bisfunctionalization thereby showing striking similarities. Transformations with 1,2- and 1,3-dipoles afford cyclic structures. With arynes, emerging four-membered rings as intermediates might react further, whereas the analogous five-membered rings obtained from D-A cyclopropanes are most often the final products. However, there are a few cases where these intermediates behave surprisingly differently. This Minireview highlights the parallels in reactivity between arynes and D-A cyclopropanes thereby shedding light on the neglected similarities of these two reactive species.
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15
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How does HOTf/HFIP Cooperative System Catalyze the Ring‐Opening Reaction of Cyclopropanes? A DFT Study. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202000031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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16
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Synthesis of Chiral Aza‐[n.2.1] Skeletons by Separable Epimers of Intramolecular [3+2] Cross Cycloaddition of Cyclopropane 1,1‐Diesters with Chiral Sulfinylimines. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201901543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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17
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Über bislang nicht beachtete Parallelen in der Reaktivität von Arinen und Donor‐Akzeptor‐Cyclopropanen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201909213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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18
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Construction of Fused‐oxa‐[n.2.1] Skeletons by Tandem Intramolecular [3+2] Cycloaddition/O‐H Insertion/Ester Exchange of Cyclopropanes with Diazocarbonyls. Adv Synth Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201901214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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19
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Catalytic Desymmetric Cycloaddition of Diaziridines with Metalloenolcarbenes: The Role of Donor–Acceptor Cyclopropenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:12502-12506. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201906754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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20
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Ring-Opening 1,3-Aminochalcogenation of Donor-Acceptor Cyclopropanes: A Three-Component Approach. Chemistry 2019; 25:11620-11624. [PMID: 31282001 PMCID: PMC6771889 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201902160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A 1,3‐aminothiolation was realized by reacting 2‐substituted cyclopropane 1,1‐dicarboxylates with sulfonamides and N‐(arylthio)succinimides. Under Sn(OTf)2 catalysis the transformation proceeded smoothly to the corresponding ring‐opened products bearing the sulfonamide in the 1‐position next to the donor and the arylthio residue in the 3‐position next to the acceptor. The procedure was extended to the corresponding selenium analogues by employing N‐(phenylseleno)succinimides as an electrophilic selenium source.
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21
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Catalytic Desymmetric Cycloaddition of Diaziridines with Metalloenolcarbenes: The Role of Donor–Acceptor Cyclopropenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201906754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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22
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New Dyes Based on Extended Fulvene Motifs: Synthesis through Redox Reactions of Naphthoquinones with Donor-Acceptor Cyclopropanes and Their Spectroelectrochemical Behavior. Chemistry 2019; 25:10359-10365. [PMID: 31106926 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201900764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Novel dyes based on extended fulvene motifs are reported. The carbon skeleton was generated by a catalyzed addition of donor-acceptor cyclopropanes to naphthoquinone. The hydroxy group at the central ring of the tricyclic fulvene motif was converted into the triflate, which reacted efficiently with a wide range of nucleophiles, resulting in substitution and thereby providing new derivatives. The synthetic versatility allowed us to investigate the absorption, electrochemical, and UV/Vis-NIR spectroelectrochemical properties of these dyes as a function of the substituents. The dyes were shown to participate in reductive electrochemistry, the reversibility of which can be improved by appropriate selection of the substituents. Additionally, first signs of NIR electrochromism are presented, opening new avenues for the future investigations of such dyes.
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23
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Synthesis of 1-Substituted Pyrazolines by Reaction of Donor-Acceptor Cyclopropanes with 1,5-Diazabicyclo[3.1.0]hexanes. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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24
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One-Pot Synthesis of Cycloocta[b
]indole Through Formal [5+3] Cycloaddition Using Donor-Acceptor Cyclopropanes. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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25
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Four-Membered Cycle Formation Challenge: GaCl3
-Promoted Formal [2+2]-Cycloaddition of Donor-Acceptor Cyclopropanes to Bicyclobutylidene. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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26
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(3+3)‐Annulation of Carbonyl Ylides with Donor–Acceptor Cyclopropanes: Synergistic Dirhodium(II) and Lewis Acid Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:6225-6229. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201814409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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27
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(3+3)‐Annulation of Carbonyl Ylides with Donor–Acceptor Cyclopropanes: Synergistic Dirhodium(II) and Lewis Acid Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201814409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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28
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29
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Regio- und stereoselektive Synthese von funktionalisierten Dihydropyridinen, Pyridinen und 2H
-Pyranen: Heck-Kupplung an monocyclopropanierten Heterocyclen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201813716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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30
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Regio- and Stereoselective Synthesis of Functionalized Dihydropyridines, Pyridines, and 2H-Pyrans: Heck Coupling of Monocyclopropanated Heterocycles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:3594-3598. [PMID: 30629786 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201813716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A palladium-catalyzed coupling between aryl halides and monocyclopropanated pyrroles or furans has been developed, leading to valuable six-membered N- and O-heterocycles. As the key step, a selective cleavage of the non-activated endocyclic C-C bond of the 2-heterobicyclo-[3.1.0]hexane framework is achieved. The developed method offers access to highly functionalized piperidines, pyridines, and pyrans that are challenging to access by traditional methods.
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31
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Kinetische Studie zu Donor-Akzeptor-Cyclopropanen: Strukturelle und elektronische Einflüsse auf die Reaktivität. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201812880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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32
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Kinetic Studies of Donor-Acceptor Cyclopropanes: The Influence of Structural and Electronic Properties on the Reactivity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:1955-1959. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201812880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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