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Sikdar N, Junqueira JRC, Dieckhöfer S, Quast T, Braun M, Song Y, Aiyappa HB, Seisel S, Weidner J, Öhl D, Andronescu C, Schuhmann W. A Metal-Organic Framework derived Cu x O y C z Catalyst for Electrochemical CO 2 Reduction and Impact of Local pH Change. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:23427-23434. [PMID: 34355835 PMCID: PMC8597168 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202108313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Developing highly efficient and selective electrocatalysts for the CO2 reduction reaction to produce value-added chemicals has been intensively pursued. We report a series of Cux Oy Cz nanostructured electrocatalysts derived from a Cu-based MOF as porous self-sacrificial template. Blending catalysts with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) on gas diffusion electrodes (GDEs) suppressed the competitive hydrogen evolution reaction. 25 to 50 wt % teflonized GDEs exhibited a Faradaic efficiency of ≈54 % for C2+ products at -80 mA cm-2 . The local OH- ions activity of PTFE-modified GDEs was assessed by means of closely positioning a Pt-nanoelectrode. A substantial increase in the OH- /H2 O activity ratio due to the locally generated OH- ions at increasing current densities was determined irrespective of the PTFE amount.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivedita Sikdar
- Analytical Chemistry—Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES)Faculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr University BochumUniversitätsstr. 15044780BochumGermany
| | - João R. C. Junqueira
- Analytical Chemistry—Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES)Faculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr University BochumUniversitätsstr. 15044780BochumGermany
| | - Stefan Dieckhöfer
- Analytical Chemistry—Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES)Faculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr University BochumUniversitätsstr. 15044780BochumGermany
| | - Thomas Quast
- Analytical Chemistry—Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES)Faculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr University BochumUniversitätsstr. 15044780BochumGermany
| | - Michael Braun
- Chemical Technology III; Faculty of Chemistry and CENIDE Center for NanointegrationUniversity Duisburg-EssenCarl-Benz Straße 19947057DuisburgGermany
| | - Yanfang Song
- Analytical Chemistry—Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES)Faculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr University BochumUniversitätsstr. 15044780BochumGermany
- CAS Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and EngineeringShanghai Advanced Research InstituteChinese Academy of Sciences99 Haike RoadShanghai201203People's Republic of China
| | - Harshitha B. Aiyappa
- Analytical Chemistry—Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES)Faculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr University BochumUniversitätsstr. 15044780BochumGermany
| | - Sabine Seisel
- Analytical Chemistry—Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES)Faculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr University BochumUniversitätsstr. 15044780BochumGermany
| | - Jonas Weidner
- Analytical Chemistry—Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES)Faculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr University BochumUniversitätsstr. 15044780BochumGermany
| | - Denis Öhl
- Analytical Chemistry—Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES)Faculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr University BochumUniversitätsstr. 15044780BochumGermany
| | - Corina Andronescu
- Chemical Technology III; Faculty of Chemistry and CENIDE Center for NanointegrationUniversity Duisburg-EssenCarl-Benz Straße 19947057DuisburgGermany
| | - Wolfgang Schuhmann
- Analytical Chemistry—Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES)Faculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr University BochumUniversitätsstr. 15044780BochumGermany
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2
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Sikdar N, Junqueira JRC, Dieckhöfer S, Quast T, Braun M, Song Y, Aiyappa HB, Seisel S, Weidner J, Öhl D, Andronescu C, Schuhmann W. Ein MOF‐basierter Cu
x
O
y
C
z
‐Katalysator für die elektrochemische CO
2
‐Reduktion und die Auswirkungen der lokalen pH‐Änderung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202108313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nivedita Sikdar
- Analytical Chemistry – Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES) Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry Ruhr University Bochum Universitätsstr. 150 44780 Bochum Deutschland
| | - João R. C. Junqueira
- Analytical Chemistry – Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES) Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry Ruhr University Bochum Universitätsstr. 150 44780 Bochum Deutschland
| | - Stefan Dieckhöfer
- Analytical Chemistry – Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES) Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry Ruhr University Bochum Universitätsstr. 150 44780 Bochum Deutschland
| | - Thomas Quast
- Analytical Chemistry – Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES) Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry Ruhr University Bochum Universitätsstr. 150 44780 Bochum Deutschland
| | - Michael Braun
- Chemical Technology III Faculty of Chemistry and CENIDE Center for Nanointegration University Duisburg-Essen Carl-Benz Straße 199 47057 Duisburg Deutschland
| | - Yanfang Song
- Analytical Chemistry – Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES) Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry Ruhr University Bochum Universitätsstr. 150 44780 Bochum Deutschland
- CAS Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering Shanghai Advanced Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences 99 Haike Road Shanghai 201203 People's Republic of China
| | - Harshitha B. Aiyappa
- Analytical Chemistry – Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES) Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry Ruhr University Bochum Universitätsstr. 150 44780 Bochum Deutschland
| | - Sabine Seisel
- Analytical Chemistry – Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES) Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry Ruhr University Bochum Universitätsstr. 150 44780 Bochum Deutschland
| | - Jonas Weidner
- Analytical Chemistry – Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES) Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry Ruhr University Bochum Universitätsstr. 150 44780 Bochum Deutschland
| | - Denis Öhl
- Analytical Chemistry – Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES) Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry Ruhr University Bochum Universitätsstr. 150 44780 Bochum Deutschland
| | - Corina Andronescu
- Chemical Technology III Faculty of Chemistry and CENIDE Center for Nanointegration University Duisburg-Essen Carl-Benz Straße 199 47057 Duisburg Deutschland
| | - Wolfgang Schuhmann
- Analytical Chemistry – Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES) Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry Ruhr University Bochum Universitätsstr. 150 44780 Bochum Deutschland
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Dieckhöfer S, Öhl D, Junqueira JRC, Quast T, Turek T, Schuhmann W. Probing the Local Reaction Environment During High Turnover Carbon Dioxide Reduction with Ag-Based Gas Diffusion Electrodes. Chemistry 2021; 27:5906-5912. [PMID: 33527522 PMCID: PMC8048634 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Discerning the influence of electrochemical reactions on the electrode microenvironment is an unavoidable topic for electrochemical reactions that involve the production of OH− and the consumption of water. That is particularly true for the carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR), which together with the competing hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) exert changes in the local OH− and H2O activity that in turn can possibly affect activity, stability, and selectivity of the CO2RR. We determine the local OH− and H2O activity in close proximity to a CO2‐converting Ag‐based gas diffusion electrode (GDE) with product analysis using gas chromatography. A Pt nanosensor is positioned in the vicinity of the working GDE using shear‐force‐based scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) approach curves, which allows monitoring changes invoked by reactions proceeding within an otherwise inaccessible porous GDE by potentiodynamic measurements at the Pt‐tip nanosensor. We show that high turnover HER/CO2RR at a GDE lead to modulations of the alkalinity of the local electrolyte, that resemble a 16 m KOH solution, variations that are in turn linked to the reaction selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Dieckhöfer
- Analytical Chemistry-Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Denis Öhl
- Analytical Chemistry-Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - João R C Junqueira
- Analytical Chemistry-Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Thomas Quast
- Analytical Chemistry-Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Thomas Turek
- Institute of Chemical and Electrochemical Process Engineering, Clausthal University of Technology, Leibnizstr 17, 38678, Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schuhmann
- Analytical Chemistry-Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
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Brée LC, Wessling M, Mitsos A. Modular modeling of electrochemical reactors: Comparison of CO2-electolyzers. Comput Chem Eng 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compchemeng.2020.106890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Aiyappa HB, Wilde P, Quast T, Masa J, Andronescu C, Chen Y, Muhler M, Fischer RA, Schuhmann W. Oxygen Evolution Electrocatalysis of a Single MOF‐Derived Composite Nanoparticle on the Tip of a Nanoelectrode. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:8927-8931. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201903283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Harshitha Barike Aiyappa
- Analytical Chemistry—Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES)Faculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr-Universität Bochum 44780 Bochum Germany
| | - Patrick Wilde
- Analytical Chemistry—Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES)Faculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr-Universität Bochum 44780 Bochum Germany
| | - Thomas Quast
- Analytical Chemistry—Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES)Faculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr-Universität Bochum 44780 Bochum Germany
| | - Justus Masa
- Analytical Chemistry—Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES)Faculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr-Universität Bochum 44780 Bochum Germany
| | - Corina Andronescu
- Chemical Technology IIIFaculty of Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration (CENIDE)University of Duisburg Essen Carl-Benz-Strasse 199 47057 Duisburg Germany
| | - Yen‐Ting Chen
- Analytical Chemistry—Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES)Faculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr-Universität Bochum 44780 Bochum Germany
| | - Martin Muhler
- Laboratory of Industrial ChemistryFaculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr-Universität Bochum 44780 Bochum Germany
| | - Roland A. Fischer
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research CentreTechnical University of Munich 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schuhmann
- Analytical Chemistry—Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES)Faculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr-Universität Bochum 44780 Bochum Germany
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Öhl D, Franzen D, Paulisch M, Dieckhöfer S, Barwe S, Andronescu C, Manke I, Turek T, Schuhmann W. Catalytic Reactivation of Industrial Oxygen Depolarized Cathodes by in situ Generation of Atomic Hydrogen. CHEMSUSCHEM 2019; 12:2732-2739. [PMID: 30908849 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201900628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Electrocatalytically active materials on the industrial as well as on the laboratory scale may suffer from chemical instability during operation, air exposure, or storage in the electrolyte. A strategy to recover the loss of electrocatalytic activity is presented. Oxygen-depolarized cathodes (ODC), analogous to those that are utilized in industrial brine electrolysis, are analyzed: the catalytic activity of the electrodes upon storage (4 weeks) under industrial process conditions (30 wt % NaOH, without operation) diminishes. This phenomenon occurs as a consequence of surface oxidation and pore blockage, as revealed by scanning electron microscopy, focused ion beam milling, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. Potentiodynamic cycling of the oxidized electrodes to highly reductive potentials and the formation of "nascent" hydrogen re-reduces the electrode material, ultimately recovering the former catalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Öhl
- Analytical Chemistry-Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - David Franzen
- Institute of Chemical and Electrochemical Process Engineering, Clausthal University of Technology, Leibnizstr 17, 38678, Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany
| | - Melanie Paulisch
- Institute of Applied Materials, Helmholtz Centre Berlin for Materials and Energy, Hahn Meitner-Platz 1, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Dieckhöfer
- Analytical Chemistry-Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Stefan Barwe
- Analytical Chemistry-Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Corina Andronescu
- Chemical Technology III, Faculty of Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Carl-Benz-Str. 199, 47057, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Ingo Manke
- Institute of Applied Materials, Helmholtz Centre Berlin for Materials and Energy, Hahn Meitner-Platz 1, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Turek
- Institute of Chemical and Electrochemical Process Engineering, Clausthal University of Technology, Leibnizstr 17, 38678, Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schuhmann
- Analytical Chemistry-Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
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Röhe M, Kubannek F, Krewer U. Processes and Their Limitations in Oxygen Depolarized Cathodes: A Dynamic Model-Based Analysis. CHEMSUSCHEM 2019; 12:2373-2384. [PMID: 30950579 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201900312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Oxygen depolarized cathodes (ODCs) are key components of alkaline fuel cells and metal-air batteries or of chlor-alkaline electrolysis, but suffer from limited oxygen availability at the reaction zone. Dynamic analysis is a highly suitable approach to identify the underlying causes, especially the limiting steps and process interactions in such gas diffusion electrodes. Herein, a one-dimensional, dynamic, three-phase model for analyzing the oxygen reduction reaction in silver-based ODCs is presented. It allows for a detailed evaluation of the electrochemical reaction, the mass transport processes, and their interaction. The model also reveals that the depletion of reactant oxygen in the liquid electrolyte is caused by the current-dependent change of the gas-liquid equilibrium as the limiting subprocess. The phase equilibrium, in turn, depends on the slow mass transport of water and hydroxide ions in the liquid phase. Key parameters are the location or size of the gas-liquid interface within the electrode. Profiles of local concentrations and partial pressures of different species reveal a steep gradient of oxygen in the liquid phase, but no limitation in oxygen mass transport in the gas phase. Dynamic simulations with potential steps allowed the identification of different time constants to separate overlapping processes. Accordingly, the mass transport of water and hydroxide ions was identified as the slowest process that strongly influenced the dynamic response of all species, including oxygen, and of the current. The characteristic time constant of the mass transport of water and hydroxide ions across the liquid phase within the ODC is determined to be τ mt , H 2 O ≈0.176 s, whereas the time constant of oxygen mass transport into the reaction zone is several magnitudes smaller: τ mt , O 2 ≈1.70×10-6 s. Finally, a sensitivity analysis confirms that the overall performance is best improved by adjusting mass transport properties in the liquid phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Röhe
- Institute of Energy and Process Systems Engineering, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Franz-Liszt-Str. 35, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Fabian Kubannek
- Institute of Energy and Process Systems Engineering, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Franz-Liszt-Str. 35, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Ulrike Krewer
- Institute of Energy and Process Systems Engineering, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Franz-Liszt-Str. 35, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
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Aiyappa HB, Wilde P, Quast T, Masa J, Andronescu C, Chen Y, Muhler M, Fischer RA, Schuhmann W. Sauerstoffevolutionselektrokatalyse eines einzelnen MOF‐basierten Kompositnanopartikels an der Spitze einer Nanoelektrode. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201903283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Harshitha Barike Aiyappa
- Lehrstuhl für Analytische Chemie und Zentrum für ElektrochemieFakultät für Chemie und BiochemieRuhr-Universität Bochum 44780 Bochum Deutschland
| | - Patrick Wilde
- Lehrstuhl für Analytische Chemie und Zentrum für ElektrochemieFakultät für Chemie und BiochemieRuhr-Universität Bochum 44780 Bochum Deutschland
| | - Thomas Quast
- Lehrstuhl für Analytische Chemie und Zentrum für ElektrochemieFakultät für Chemie und BiochemieRuhr-Universität Bochum 44780 Bochum Deutschland
| | - Justus Masa
- Lehrstuhl für Analytische Chemie und Zentrum für ElektrochemieFakultät für Chemie und BiochemieRuhr-Universität Bochum 44780 Bochum Deutschland
| | - Corina Andronescu
- Technische Chemie IIIFakultät für Chemie und Center for Nanointegration (CENIDE)Universität Duisburg-Essen Carl-Benz-Straße 199 47057 Duisburg Deutschland
| | - Yen‐Ting Chen
- Lehrstuhl für Analytische Chemie und Zentrum für ElektrochemieFakultät für Chemie und BiochemieRuhr-Universität Bochum 44780 Bochum Deutschland
| | - Martin Muhler
- Lehrstuhl für Technische ChemieFakultät für Chemie und BiochemieRuhr-Universität Bochum 44780 Bochum Deutschland
| | - Roland A. Fischer
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische und Metallorganische ChemieTechnische Universität München 85748 Garching Deutschland
| | - Wolfgang Schuhmann
- Lehrstuhl für Analytische Chemie und Zentrum für ElektrochemieFakultät für Chemie und BiochemieRuhr-Universität Bochum 44780 Bochum Deutschland
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