1
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Luan C, Shen Q, Rowell N, Zhang M, Chen X, Huang W, Yu K. A Real‐Time In‐situ Demonstration of Direct and Indirect Transformation Pathways in CdTe Magic‐size Clusters at Room Temperature. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202205784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chaoran Luan
- Sichuan University Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology, West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital CHINA
| | - Qiu Shen
- Sichuan University National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering CHINA
| | - Nelson Rowell
- National Research Council Canada Metrology Research Centre CANADA
| | - Meng Zhang
- Sichuan University Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics CHINA
| | - Xiaoqin Chen
- Sichuan University National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering CHINA
| | - Wen Huang
- Sichuan University Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology, West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital CHINA
| | - Kui Yu
- Sichuan University National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials No. 24, South Section, First Ring Road, Chengdu 610065 Chengdu CHINA
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2
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Luan C, Shen Q, Rowell N, Zhang M, Chen X, Huang W, Yu K. A Real-Time In Situ Demonstration of Direct and Indirect Transformation Pathways in CdTe Magic-Size Clusters at Room Temperature. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202205784. [PMID: 35794715 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202205784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The transformations of colloidal semiconductor magic-size clusters (MSCs) are expected to occur with only discrete, step-wise redshifts in optical absorption. Here, we challenge this assumption presenting a novel, conceptually different transformation, for which the redshift is continuous. In the room-temperature transformation from CdTe MSC-448 to MSC-488 (designated by the peak wavelengths in nanometer), the redshift of absorption monitored in situ displays distinctly continuous and/or step-wise behavior. Based on conclusive evidence provided by real-time experiments, the former transformation is apparently direct and intra-cluster with a relatively large energy barrier. The latter transformation is indirect and assisted by MSC precursor compounds (PCs). The former transformation follows the latter often, being predominant at a relatively high temperature. The present findings encourage a reconsideration of the absorption redshift reported previously for transformations of binary II-VI MSCs, together with the pathway associated without the increase of cluster mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoran Luan
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology, Tissue-orientated Property of Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Qiu Shen
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Nelson Rowell
- Metrology Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Ontario, K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Meng Zhang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqin Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Wen Huang
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology, Tissue-orientated Property of Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Kui Yu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, P. R. China.,Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, P. R. China
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3
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Li S, Gong X, Li Z, Yu M, Chen Y, Yu H, Wang S, Shao H, Dou M, Cheng Y. Interfacial Nucleation Mechanism of Water-Soluble Ag-In-S Quantum Dots at Room Temperature and Their Visible Light Catalytic Performance. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:4692-4701. [PMID: 35385285 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c00236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A novel interfacial reaction nucleation mechanism for the preparation of water-soluble Ag-In-S quantum dots (AIS QDs) was proposed in which interfacial acid regulates the concentration of hydroxide ions outside the complex and sulfur sources attack cations at the interface of the complex, covalent bonds between cations and sulfur sources are formed at the interface of the complex, and the nucleation and growth of crystals is finished at room temperature. By bypassing the heating process normally necessary for crystal nucleation and growth, AIS QDs can be produced on a large scale under simple, mild conditions. At the same time, the characteristics of this mechanism enable AIS QDs to be directly synthesized in an organic pollutant solution. This study represents a significant advance in the mechanism of crystal synthesis and contributes to the photocatalytic decomposition of organic pollutants from theory to practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenjie Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Gong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqiang Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, People's Republic of China
| | - Minghui Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyan Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyu Shao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, People's Republic of China
| | - Minghao Dou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuye Cheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, People's Republic of China
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4
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Yang Y, Li Y, Luan C, Rowell N, Wang S, Zhang C, Huang W, Chen X, Yu K. Transformation Pathways in Colloidal CdTeSe Magic‐Size Clusters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202114551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yusha Yang
- Engineering Research Center in Biomaterials Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610065 P. R. China
| | - Yang Li
- Engineering Research Center in Biomaterials Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610065 P. R. China
| | - Chaoran Luan
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology West China School of Medicine West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610065 P. R. China
| | - Nelson Rowell
- Metrology Research Centre National Research Council Canada Ontario K1A 0R6 Canada
| | - Shanling Wang
- Analytical & Testing Center Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610065 P. R. China
| | - Chunchun Zhang
- Analytical & Testing Center Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610065 P. R. China
| | - Wen Huang
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology West China School of Medicine West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610065 P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqin Chen
- Engineering Research Center in Biomaterials Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610065 P. R. China
| | - Kui Yu
- Engineering Research Center in Biomaterials Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610065 P. R. China
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610065 P. R. China
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5
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Yang Y, Li Y, Luan C, Rowell N, Wang S, Zhang C, Huang W, Chen X, Yu K. Transformation Pathways in Colloidal CdTeSe Magic-Size Clusters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202114551. [PMID: 34842312 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202114551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A rarely studied transformation in colloidal ternary magic-size clusters (MSCs) is addressed. We report the first observation of the transformation from ternary CdTeSe MSC-399 to MSC-422, which occurs at room temperature. These two MSC types display sharp optical absorption resonances at 399 and 422 nm, respectively, and are related in that they are quasi isomers, together with their counterpart precursor compounds (PCs). Binary CdTe and CdSe samples were prepared in the prenucleation stage also called the induction period (IP). After they were mixed and placed in a mixture of toluene and octylamine, the transformation was found to take place and to be assisted by the addition of the CdSe IP sample. A binary IP sample contains corresponding binary PCs and monomers (Mo) and fragments (Fr). We argue that the transformation pathway is enabled by the corresponding ternary PCs, involving the substitution reaction, namely CdTeSe PC-399 + CdSe (Mo/Fr)-1 ⇒ CdTeSe PC-422 + CdSe (Mo/Fr)-2. The present study provides an in-depth understanding of the formation characteristics of the MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusha Yang
- Engineering Research Center in Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Yang Li
- Engineering Research Center in Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Chaoran Luan
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology, West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Nelson Rowell
- Metrology Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Ontario, K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Shanling Wang
- Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Chunchun Zhang
- Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Wen Huang
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology, West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqin Chen
- Engineering Research Center in Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Kui Yu
- Engineering Research Center in Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, P. R. China.,Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, P. R. China
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6
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Zhu J, Cao Z, Zhu Y, Rowell N, Li Y, Wang S, Zhang C, Jiang G, Zhang M, Zeng J, Yu K. Transformation Pathway from CdSe Magic‐Size Clusters with Absorption Doublets at 373/393 nm to Clusters at 434/460 nm. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202104986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinming Zhu
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610065 P. R. China
| | - Zhaopeng Cao
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201800 P. R. China
- School of Physical Science and Technology ShanghaiTech University Shanghai 201210 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Yongcheng Zhu
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610065 P. R. China
| | - Nelson Rowell
- Metrology Research Centre National Research Council Canada Ottawa Ontario K1A 0R6 Canada
| | - Yan Li
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201800 P. R. China
- School of Physical Science and Technology ShanghaiTech University Shanghai 201210 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Shanling Wang
- Analytical & Testing Center Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610065 P. R. China
| | - Chunchun Zhang
- Analytical & Testing Center Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610065 P. R. China
| | - Gang Jiang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610065 P. R. China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610065 P. R. China
| | - Jianrong Zeng
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201800 P. R. China
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility Shanghai Advanced Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201204 P. R. China
| | - Kui Yu
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610065 P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center in Biomaterials Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610065 P. R. China
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7
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Zhu J, Cao Z, Zhu Y, Rowell N, Li Y, Wang S, Zhang C, Jiang G, Zhang M, Zeng J, Yu K. Transformation Pathway from CdSe Magic-Size Clusters with Absorption Doublets at 373/393 nm to Clusters at 434/460 nm. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:20358-20365. [PMID: 33960093 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202104986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Divergent interpretations have appeared in the literature regarding the structural nature and evolutionary behavior for photoluminescent CdSe nanospecies with sharp doublets in optical absorption. We report a comprehensive description of the transformation pathway from one CdSe nanospecies displaying an absorption doublet at 373/393 nm to another species with a doublet at 433/460 nm. These two nanospecies are zero-dimensional (0D) magic-size clusters (MSCs) with 3D quantum confinement, and are labeled dMSC-393 and dMSC-460, respectively. Synchrotron-based small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) returns a radius of gyration of 0.92 nm for dMSC-393 and 1.14 nm for dMSC-460, and indicates that both types are disc shaped with the exponent of the SAXS form factor equal to 2.1. The MSCs develop from their unique counterpart precursor compounds (PCs), which are labeled PC-393 and PC-460, respectively. For the dMSC-393 to dMSC-460 transformation, the proposed PC-enabled pathway is comprised of three key steps, dMSC-393 to PC-393 (Step 1), PC-393 to PC-460 (Step 2 involving monomer addition), and PC-460 to dMSC-460 (Step 3). The present study provides a framework for understanding the PC-based evolution of MSCs and how PCs enable transformations between MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinming Zhu
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Zhaopeng Cao
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, P. R. China.,School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yongcheng Zhu
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Nelson Rowell
- Metrology Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Yan Li
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, P. R. China.,School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Shanling Wang
- Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Chunchun Zhang
- Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Gang Jiang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Jianrong Zeng
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, P. R. China.,Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201204, P. R. China
| | - Kui Yu
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, P. R. China.,Engineering Research Center in Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, P. R. China
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8
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Zhang H, Luan C, Gao D, Zhang M, Rowell N, Willis M, Chen M, Zeng J, Fan H, Huang W, Chen X, Yu K. Room‐Temperature Formation Pathway for CdTeSe Alloy Magic‐Size Clusters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:16943-16952. [PMID: 32558096 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202005643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hai Zhang
- Engineering Research Center in Biomaterials Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610065 P. R. China
| | - Chaoran Luan
- Engineering Research Center in Biomaterials Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610065 P. R. China
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology West China School of Medicine Chengdu Sichuan 610065 P. R. China
- West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610065 P. R. China
| | - Dong Gao
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610065 P. R. China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610065 P. R. China
| | - Nelson Rowell
- Metrology Research Centre National Research Council Canada Ottawa Ontario K1A 0R6 Canada
| | - Maureen Willis
- School of Physical Science and Technology Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610065 P. R. China
| | - Meng Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610065 P. R. China
| | - Jianrong Zeng
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility Shanghai Advanced Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201204 P. R. China
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201800 P. R. China
| | - Hongsong Fan
- Engineering Research Center in Biomaterials Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610065 P. R. China
| | - Wen Huang
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology West China School of Medicine Chengdu Sichuan 610065 P. R. China
- West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610065 P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqin Chen
- Engineering Research Center in Biomaterials Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610065 P. R. China
| | - Kui Yu
- Engineering Research Center in Biomaterials Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610065 P. R. China
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610065 P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610065 P. R. China
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10
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Li L, Zhang J, Zhang M, Rowell N, Zhang C, Wang S, Lu J, Fan H, Huang W, Chen X, Yu K. Fragmentation of Magic‐Size Cluster Precursor Compounds into Ultrasmall CdS Quantum Dots with Enhanced Particle Yield at Low Temperatures. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202001608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lijia Li
- Engineering Research Center in Biomaterials Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610065 P. R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610065 P. R. China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610065 P. R. China
| | - Nelson Rowell
- Metrology Research Centre National Research Council Canada Ottawa Ontario K1A 0R6 Canada
| | - Chunchun Zhang
- Analytical and Testing Center Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610065 P. R. China
| | - Shanling Wang
- Analytical and Testing Center Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610065 P. R. China
| | - Jiao Lu
- Engineering Research Center in Biomaterials Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610065 P. R. China
| | - Hongsong Fan
- Engineering Research Center in Biomaterials Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610065 P. R. China
| | - Wen Huang
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology West China School of Medicine Chengdu Sichuan 610065 P. R. China
- West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610065 P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqin Chen
- Engineering Research Center in Biomaterials Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610065 P. R. China
| | - Kui Yu
- Engineering Research Center in Biomaterials Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610065 P. R. China
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610065 P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610065 P. R. China
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11
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Li L, Zhang J, Zhang M, Rowell N, Zhang C, Wang S, Lu J, Fan H, Huang W, Chen X, Yu K. Fragmentation of Magic‐Size Cluster Precursor Compounds into Ultrasmall CdS Quantum Dots with Enhanced Particle Yield at Low Temperatures. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:12013-12021. [PMID: 32390296 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202001608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lijia Li
- Engineering Research Center in Biomaterials Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610065 P. R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610065 P. R. China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610065 P. R. China
| | - Nelson Rowell
- Metrology Research Centre National Research Council Canada Ottawa Ontario K1A 0R6 Canada
| | - Chunchun Zhang
- Analytical and Testing Center Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610065 P. R. China
| | - Shanling Wang
- Analytical and Testing Center Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610065 P. R. China
| | - Jiao Lu
- Engineering Research Center in Biomaterials Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610065 P. R. China
| | - Hongsong Fan
- Engineering Research Center in Biomaterials Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610065 P. R. China
| | - Wen Huang
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology West China School of Medicine Chengdu Sichuan 610065 P. R. China
- West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610065 P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqin Chen
- Engineering Research Center in Biomaterials Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610065 P. R. China
| | - Kui Yu
- Engineering Research Center in Biomaterials Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610065 P. R. China
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610065 P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610065 P. R. China
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