1
|
de Azevedo Santos L, Ramalho TC, Hamlin TA, Bickelhaupt FM. Intermolecular Covalent Interactions: Nature and Directionality. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203791. [PMID: 36478415 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Quantum chemical methods were employed to analyze the nature and the origin of the directionality of pnictogen (PnB), chalcogen (ChB), and halogen bonds (XB) in archetypal Fm Z⋅⋅⋅F- complexes (Z=Pn, Ch, X), using relativistic density functional theory (DFT) at ZORA-M06/QZ4P. Quantitative Kohn-Sham MO and energy decomposition analyses (EDA) show that all these intermolecular interactions have in common that covalence, that is, HOMO-LUMO interactions, provide a crucial contribution to the bond energy, besides electrostatic attraction. Strikingly, all these bonds are directional (i.e., F-Z⋅⋅⋅F- is approximately linear) despite, and not because of, the electrostatic interactions which, in fact, favor bending. This constitutes a breakdown of the σ-hole model. It was shown how the σ-hole model fails by neglecting both, the essential physics behind the electrostatic interaction and that behind the directionality of electron-rich intermolecular interactions. Our findings are general and extend to the neutral, weaker ClI⋅⋅⋅NH3 , HClTe⋅⋅⋅NH3 , and H2 ClSb⋅⋅⋅NH3 complexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas de Azevedo Santos
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute for Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Teodorico C Ramalho
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Natural Sciences, Federal University of Lavras CEP, 37200-900, Lavras, MG, Brazil.,Center for Basic and Applied Research, University Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Trevor A Hamlin
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute for Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - F Matthias Bickelhaupt
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute for Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg Auckland Park, Johannesburg, 2006, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dhaka A, Jeon IR, Jeannin O, Aubert E, Espinosa E, Fourmigué M. Topochemical Polymerization of a Diacetylene in a Chalcogen-Bonded (ChB) Assembly. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202116650. [PMID: 35014139 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202116650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The successful topochemical polymerization of bis(selenocyanatomethyl)butadyine 1 is achieved upon association in a 1 : 1 co-crystal with 1,2-bis(2-pyridyl)ethylene (2-bpen) through strong and linear (NC)-Se⋅⋅⋅NPy chalcogen bonding (ChB) interactions, allowing for an appropriate parallel alignment of the diacetylene moieties toward the solid-state reaction. Co-crystal 1⋅(2-bpen) undergoes polymerization upon heating at 100 °C. The reaction progress was monitored by IR, DSC and PXRD. An enhancement of the polymer conductivity by 8 orders of magnitude is observed upon iodine doping. Strikingly, the course of polymerization is accompanied with sublimation of the ChB acceptor molecules 2-bpen, providing the polymer in a pure form with full recovery of the co-former, at variance with the usual hydrogen-bonded co-crystal strategies toward polydiacetylenes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arun Dhaka
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) UMR 6226, 35042, Rennes, France
| | - Ie-Rang Jeon
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) UMR 6226, 35042, Rennes, France
| | - Olivier Jeannin
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) UMR 6226, 35042, Rennes, France
| | - Emmanuel Aubert
- Laboratoire CRM2, UMR CNRS 7036, Institut Jean Barriol, Université de Lorraine, BP 70239, 54506, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
| | - Enrique Espinosa
- Laboratoire CRM2, UMR CNRS 7036, Institut Jean Barriol, Université de Lorraine, BP 70239, 54506, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
| | - Marc Fourmigué
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) UMR 6226, 35042, Rennes, France
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
DHAKA A, JEON IR, JEANNIN O, AUBERT E, ESPINOSA E, Fourmigue M. Topochemical polymerization of a diacetylene in a chalcogen‐bonded (ChB) assembly. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202116650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arun DHAKA
- Rennes 1 University: Universite de Rennes 1 ISCR FRANCE
| | - Ie-Rang JEON
- Rennes 1 University: Universite de Rennes 1 ISCR FRANCE
| | | | | | | | - Marc Fourmigue
- UMR 6226 CNRS-Universite Rennes1 Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes Campus de BeaulieuBatiment 10C 35042 Rennes FRANCE
| |
Collapse
|