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Matuszewska O, Battisti T, Ferreira RR, Biot N, Demitri N, Mézière C, Allain M, Sallé M, Mañas-Valero S, Coronado E, Fresta E, Costa RD, Bonifazi D. Tweaking the Optoelectronic Properties of S-Doped Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Chemical Oxidation. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203115. [PMID: 36333273 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Peri-thiaxanthenothiaxanthene, an S-doped analog of peri-xanthenoxanthene, is used as a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) scaffold to tune the molecular semiconductor properties by editing the oxidation state of the S-atoms. Chemical oxidation of peri-thiaxanthenothiaxanthene with H2 O2 led to the relevant sulfoxide and sulfone congeners, whereas electrooxidation gave access to sulfonium-type derivatives forming crystalline mixed valence (MV) complexes. These complexes depicted peculiar molecular and solid-state arrangements with face-to-face π-π stacking organization. Photophysical studies showed a widening of the optical bandgap upon progressive oxidation of the S-atoms, with the bis-sulfone derivative displaying the largest value (E00 =2.99 eV). While peri-thiaxanthenothiaxanthene showed reversible oxidation properties, the sulfoxide and sulfone derivatives mainly showed reductive events, corroborating their n-type properties. Electric measurements of single crystals of the MV complexes exhibited a semiconducting behavior with a remarkably high conductivity at room temperature (10-1 -10-2 S cm-1 and 10-2 -10-3 S cm-1 for the O and S derivatives, respectively), one of the highest reported so far. Finally, the electroluminescence properties of the complexes were tested in light-emitting electrochemical cells (LECs), obtaining the first S-doped mid-emitting PAH-based LECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliwia Matuszewska
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Tommaso Battisti
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Ruben R Ferreira
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nicolas Biot
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Nicola Demitri
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, S.S. 14 Km 163.5 in Area Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Cécile Mézière
- MOLTECH-Anjou-UMR CNRS 6200, UNIV Angers, SFR Matrix, 2 Boulevard Lavoisier, 49045, Angers Cedex, France
| | - Magali Allain
- MOLTECH-Anjou-UMR CNRS 6200, UNIV Angers, SFR Matrix, 2 Boulevard Lavoisier, 49045, Angers Cedex, France
| | - Marc Sallé
- MOLTECH-Anjou-UMR CNRS 6200, UNIV Angers, SFR Matrix, 2 Boulevard Lavoisier, 49045, Angers Cedex, France
| | - Samuel Mañas-Valero
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular, Universitat de València, Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980, Paterna, Spain
| | - Eugenio Coronado
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular, Universitat de València, Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980, Paterna, Spain
| | - Elisa Fresta
- Chair of Biogenic Functional Materials, Technical University Munich, Schulgasse 22, 94315, Straubing, Germany
| | - Rubén D Costa
- Chair of Biogenic Functional Materials, Technical University Munich, Schulgasse 22, 94315, Straubing, Germany
| | - Davide Bonifazi
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK.,Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
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Regulska E, Hindenberg P, Espineira-Gutierrez A, Romero-Nieto C. Synthesis, Post-Functionalization and Properties of Diphosphapentaarenes. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202202769. [PMID: 36216778 PMCID: PMC10100039 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Linearly-fused polyarenes are an important class of compounds with high relevance in materials science. While modifying the shape and size represents a common means to fine-tune their properties, the precise placement of heteroatoms is a strategy that is receiving an increasing deal of attention to overcome the intrinsic limitations of all-carbon structures. Thus, linearly-fused diphosphaarenes recently emerged as a novel family of molecules with striking optoelectronic properties and outstanding stability. However, the properties of diphosphaarenes are far from being benchmarked. Herein, we report the synthesis, phosphorus post-functionalization and properties of new diphosphapentaarene derivatives. We describe their synthetic limitations and unveil their potential for optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elzbieta Regulska
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Calle Almansa 14 - Edif. Bioincubadora, 02008, Albacete, Spain
| | - Philip Hindenberg
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Calle Almansa 14 - Edif. Bioincubadora, 02008, Albacete, Spain
| | - Adrian Espineira-Gutierrez
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Calle Almansa 14 - Edif. Bioincubadora, 02008, Albacete, Spain
| | - Carlos Romero-Nieto
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Calle Almansa 14 - Edif. Bioincubadora, 02008, Albacete, Spain
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Hindenberg P, Belyaev A, Rominger F, Koshevoy IO, Romero-Nieto C. Two-Fold Intramolecular Phosphacyclization: From Fluorescent Diphosphapyrene Salts to Pentavalent Derivatives. Org Lett 2022; 24:6391-6396. [PMID: 36040429 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of π-extended pyrene-based luminescent compounds containing two six-membered phosphacycles has been realized through a two-step synthesis. It involves a Cu(II)-mediated double cyclization of tertiary diphosphane derivatives to afford dicationic molecules with quaternized phosphorus centers. Subsequent transformation of diphosphonium species into the corresponding P-oxide derivatives has been successfully achieved through Pd(0)-assisted cleavage of the P-Ph bonds, which opens a promising way for the functionalization of polyaromatic P-systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Hindenberg
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andrey Belyaev
- Department of Chemistry, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistokatu 7, 80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Igor O Koshevoy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistokatu 7, 80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Carlos Romero-Nieto
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Calle Almansa 14 - Edif. Bioincubadora, 02008 Albacete, Spain
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