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Nees S, Beer H, Just P, Teichmeier LM, Christoffer LE, Guljam A, Kushik, Braunschweig H, Hering-Junghans C. On the Reactivity of Mes*P(PMe 3 ) towards Aluminum(I) Compounds - Evidence for the Intermediate Formation of Phosphaalumenes. Chempluschem 2023; 88:e202300078. [PMID: 36824017 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Phosphaalumenes are the heavier isoelectronic analogs of alkynes and have eluded facile synthesis until recently. We have reported that the combination of a phosphinidene transfer agent, Ar TerP(PMe3 ) (Ar Ter=2,6-Ar2 -C6 H3 ), with (Cp*Al)4 (Cp*=C5 (CH3 )5 ) afforded the phosphaalumenes Ar TerPAlCp* as isolable, violet, thermally stable compounds. In here we describe attempts to utilize Mes*P(PMe3 ) (Mes*=2,4,6-tBu3 -C6 H2 ) as a phosphinidene source in combination with different Al(I) precursors, namely Dip NacnacAl (Dip Nacnac=HC[C(Me)NDip]2 , Dip=2,6-iPr2 -C6 H3 ), (Cp*Al)4 and Cp3t Al (Cp3t =1,2,4-tBu3 -C5 H2 ). In all cases the formation of phosphaalumenes was not observed, however, their intermediate formation is indicated by formation of the dimer [Cp*Al(μ-PMes*)]2 (2) and C-H-bond activation products along the putative P=Al bond, giving unusual 1,2-P,Al-tetrahydronaphtalene derivatives 1 and 4, clearly underlining the role the sterically demanding group on phosphorus plays in these transformations. The reactivity studies are supported by theoretical studies, demonstrating a thermodynamic preference for the C-H activation products. Additionally, we show that there are potential pitfalls in the synthesis of Cp*2 AlH, the precursor to make (Cp*Al)4 and give recommendations how to circumvent these.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Nees
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Henrik Beer
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. (LIKAT), Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Philip Just
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Leon M Teichmeier
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Leif E Christoffer
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Ailina Guljam
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Kushik
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. (LIKAT), Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
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2
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Wang L, Jiang X, Wang G, Zeng X, Zhou M. Phosphorus-Boron Multiple Bonding in the π Radical HBP. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203704. [PMID: 36562651 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The HBP radical was generated via the reaction of laser ablated boron atom with PH3 in a solid neon matrix, which is identified via IR spectroscopy with isotopic substitutions and quantum chemical calculations. The results show that HBP has a 2 Π electronic ground state with a short B-P bond. Bonding analysis indicates that besides an electron-sharing σ bond, there are two degenerate π bonding orbitals that are occupied by three electrons, resulting in a bond order of two and half between P and B. This is in sharp contrast to the bonding properties of the isovalent HNB, which was characterized to be a N≡B triply bonded σ radical with the unpaired electron locating on the B atom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and, Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Xin Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and, Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Guanjun Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and, Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqing Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and, Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Mingfei Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and, Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
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Nees S, Wellnitz T, Dankert F, Härterich M, Dotzauer S, Feldt M, Braunschweig H, Hering-Junghans C. On the Reactivity of Phosphaalumenes towards C-C Multiple Bonds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202215838. [PMID: 36516342 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202215838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Heterocycles containing group 13 and 15 elements such as borazines are an integral part of organic, biomedical and materials chemistry. Surprisingly, heterocycles containing P and Al are rare. We have now utilized phosphaalumenes in reactions with alkynes, alkenes and conjugated double bond systems. With sterically demanding alkynes 1,2-phosphaalumetes were afforded, whereas the reaction with HCCH or HCCSiMe3 gave 1,4-phosphaaluminabarrelenes. Using styrene saturated 1,2-phosphaalumates were formed, which reacted further with additional styrene to give different regio-isomers of 1,4-aluminaphosphorinanes. Using ethylene, a 1,4-aluminaphosphorinane is obtained, while with 1,3-butadiene a bicyclic system containing an aluminacyclopentane and a phosphirane unit was synthesized. The experimental work is supported by theoretical studies to shed light on the mechanism governing the formation of these heterocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Nees
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tim Wellnitz
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. (LIKAT), Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Fabian Dankert
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. (LIKAT), Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Marcel Härterich
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Simon Dotzauer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Milica Feldt
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. (LIKAT), Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
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Dankert F, Siewert J, Gupta P, Weigend F, Hering‐Junghans C. Metal-Free N-H Bond Activation by Phospha-Wittig Reagents. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202207064. [PMID: 35594171 PMCID: PMC9400956 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202207064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
N-containing molecules are mostly derived from ammonia (NH3 ). Ammonia activation has been demonstrated for single transition metal centers as well as for low-valent main group species. Phosphinidenes, mono-valent phosphorus species, can be stabilized by phosphines, giving so-called phosphanylidenephosphoranes of the type RP(PR'3 ). We demonstrate the facile, metal-free NH3 activation using ArP(PMe3 ), affording for the first time isolable secondary aminophosphines ArP(H)NH2 . DFT studies reveal that two molecules of NH3 act in concert to facilitate an NH3 for PMe3 exchange. Furthermore, H2 NR and HNR2 activation is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Dankert
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. (LIKAT)Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a18059RostockGermany
| | - Jan‐Erik Siewert
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. (LIKAT)Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a18059RostockGermany
| | - Priyanka Gupta
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. (LIKAT)Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a18059RostockGermany
| | - Florian Weigend
- Fachbereich ChemiePhilipps-Universität MarburgHans-Meerwein Straße 435032MarburgGermany
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5
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Dankert F, Siewert JE, Gupta P, Weigend F, Hering-Junghans C. Metal‐free N‐H Bond Activation by Phospha‐Wittig Reagents. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202207064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Dankert
- Leibniz-Institut fur Katalyse eV Catalysis with Bioresources GERMANY
| | - Jan-Erik Siewert
- Leibniz-Institut fur Katalyse eV Catalysis with Bioresources GERMANY
| | - Priyanka Gupta
- Leibniz-Institut fur Katalyse eV Modern Concepts in Molecular Catalysis GERMANY
| | - Florian Weigend
- Philipps-Universitat Marburg Fachbereich Chemie Fachbereich Chemie GERMANY
| | - Christian Hering-Junghans
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis: Leibniz-Institut fur Katalyse eV Catalysis with Bioresources Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a 18059 Rostock GERMANY
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Nees S, Fantuzzi F, Wellnitz T, Fischer M, Siewert J, Goettel JT, Hofmann A, Härterich M, Braunschweig H, Hering‐Junghans C. Cyclische Dipnictadialane. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202111121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Nees
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Felipe Fantuzzi
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Emil-Fischer-Straße 42 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Tim Wellnitz
- Leibniz Institut für Katalyse e.V. (LIKAT) A.-Einstein-Straße 3a 18059 Rostock Deutschland
| | - Malte Fischer
- Leibniz Institut für Katalyse e.V. (LIKAT) A.-Einstein-Straße 3a 18059 Rostock Deutschland
| | - Jan‐Erik Siewert
- Leibniz Institut für Katalyse e.V. (LIKAT) A.-Einstein-Straße 3a 18059 Rostock Deutschland
| | - James T. Goettel
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Alexander Hofmann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Marcel Härterich
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
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7
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Nees S, Fantuzzi F, Wellnitz T, Fischer M, Siewert J, Goettel JT, Hofmann A, Härterich M, Braunschweig H, Hering‐Junghans C. Cyclo-Dipnictadialanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:24318-24325. [PMID: 34478231 PMCID: PMC8596407 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202111121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Using the AlI precursor Cp3t Al in conjunction with triphosphiranes (PAr)3 (Ar=Mes, Dip, Tip) we have succeeded in preparing Lewis base-free cyclic diphosphadialanes with both the Al and P atoms bearing three substituents. Using the sterically more demanding Dip and Tip substituents the first 1,2-diphospha-3,4-dialuminacyclobutanes were obtained, whereas with Mes substituents [Cp3t Al(μ-PMes)]2 is formed. This divergent reactivity was corroborated by DFT studies, which indicated the thermodynamic preference for the 1,2-diphospha-3,4-dialuminacyclobutane form for sterically more demanding groups on phosphorus. Using Cp*Al we could extend this concept to the corresponding cyclic diarsadialanes [Cp*Al(μ-AsAr)]2 (Ar=Dip, Tip) and additionally add the phosphorus variants [Cp*Al(μ-PAr)]2 (P=Mes, Dip, Tip). The reactivity of one variant [Cp3t Al(μ-PPh)]2 towards NHCs was tested and resulted in double NHC-stabilised [Cp3t (IiPr2 )Al(μ-PPh)]2 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Nees
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Felipe Fantuzzi
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische ChemieJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgEmil-Fischer-Strasse 4297074WürzburgGermany
| | - Tim Wellnitz
- Leibniz Institut für Katalyse e.V. (LIKAT)A.-Einstein-Strasse 3a18059RostockGermany
| | - Malte Fischer
- Leibniz Institut für Katalyse e.V. (LIKAT)A.-Einstein-Strasse 3a18059RostockGermany
| | - Jan‐Erik Siewert
- Leibniz Institut für Katalyse e.V. (LIKAT)A.-Einstein-Strasse 3a18059RostockGermany
| | - James T. Goettel
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Alexander Hofmann
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Marcel Härterich
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
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