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Croitoru GA, Pîrvulescu DC, Niculescu AG, Epistatu D, Rădulescu M, Grumezescu AM, Nicolae CL. Nanomaterials in Immunology: Bridging Innovative Approaches in Immune Modulation, Diagnostics, and Therapy. J Funct Biomater 2024; 15:225. [PMID: 39194663 DOI: 10.3390/jfb15080225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The intersection of immunology and nanotechnology has provided significant advancements in biomedical research and clinical applications over the years. Immunology aims to understand the immune system's defense mechanisms against pathogens. Nanotechnology has demonstrated its potential to manipulate immune responses, as nanomaterials' properties can be modified for the desired application. Research has shown that nanomaterials can be applied in diagnostics, therapy, and vaccine development. In diagnostics, nanomaterials can be used for biosensor development, accurately detecting biomarkers even at very low concentrations. Therapeutically, nanomaterials can act as efficient carriers for delivering drugs, antigens, or genetic material directly to targeted cells or tissues. This targeted delivery improves therapeutic efficacy and reduces the adverse effects on healthy cells and tissues. In vaccine development, nanoparticles can improve vaccine durability and extend immune responses by effectively delivering adjuvants and antigens to immune cells. Despite these advancements, challenges regarding the safety, biocompatibility, and scalability of nanomaterials for clinical applications are still present. This review will cover the fundamental interactions between nanomaterials and the immune system, their potential applications in immunology, and their safety and biocompatibility concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- George-Alexandru Croitoru
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Street, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Diana-Cristina Pîrvulescu
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Adelina-Gabriela Niculescu
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest-ICUB, University of Bucharest, 050657 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dragoș Epistatu
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Street, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Marius Rădulescu
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest-ICUB, University of Bucharest, 050657 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Carmen-Larisa Nicolae
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Street, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
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Zhang YP, Chen HJ, Hu Y, Lin L, Wen HY, Pang DW, Zhang S, Wang ZG, Liu SL. Accurate Cancer Screening and Prediction of PD-L1-Guided Immunotherapy Efficacy Using Quantum Dot Nanosphere Self-Assembly and Machine Learning. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:1816-1824. [PMID: 38270101 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c05060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Accurate quantification of exosomal PD-L1 protein in tumors is closely linked to the response to immunotherapy, but robust methods to achieve high-precision quantitative detection of PD-L1 expression on the surface of circulating exosomes are still lacking. In this work, we developed a signal amplification approach based on aptamer recognition and DNA scaffold hybridization-triggered assembly of quantum dot nanospheres, which enables bicolor phenotyping of exosomes to accurately screen for cancers and predict PD-L1-guided immunotherapeutic effects through machine learning. Through DNA-mediated assembly, we utilized two aptamers for simultaneous ultrasensitive detection of exosomal antigens, which have synergistic roles in tumor diagnosis and treatment prediction, and thus, we achieved better sample classification and prediction through machine-learning algorithms. With a drop of blood, we can distinguish between different cancer patients and healthy individuals and predict the outcome of immunotherapy. This approach provides valuable insights into the development of personalized diagnostics and precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Peng Zhang
- Technology Center, Shanghai Tobacco Group Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201315, P. R. China
| | - Hua-Jie Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Yusi Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, and School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Leping Lin
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, and School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Yan Wen
- Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Dai-Wen Pang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, and School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Shiwu Zhang
- Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin 300121, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Gang Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, and School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Lin Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, and School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
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Programmable Assembly of Multivalent DNA‐Protein Superstructures for Tumor Imaging and Targeted Therapy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202211505. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202211505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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4
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Xu Z, Shi T, Mo F, Yu W, Shen Y, Jiang Q, Wang F, Liu X. Programmable Assembly of Multivalent DNA‐Protein Superstructures for Tumor Imaging and Targeted Therapy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202211505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Xu
- Wuhan University College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences 430072 Wuhan City CHINA
| | - Tianhui Shi
- Wuhan University College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences 430072 Wuhan City CHINA
| | - Fengye Mo
- Wuhan University College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences 430072 Wuhan City CHINA
| | - Wenqian Yu
- Wuhan University College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences 430072 Wuhan City CHINA
| | - Yu Shen
- Wuhan University College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences 430072 Wuhan City CHINA
| | - Qunying Jiang
- Wuhan University College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences 430072 Wuhan City CHINA
| | - Fuan Wang
- Wuhan University College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences 430072 Wuhan City CHINA
| | - Xiaoqing Liu
- Wuhan University College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences No. 299 Bayi Road, Wuchang District 430072 Wuhan CHINA
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