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Seeman JI. The Many Chemists Who Could Have Proposed the Woodward-Hoffmann Rules But Didn't: The Organic Chemists Who Knew of the Smoking Guns. CHEM REC 2022; 22:e202200137. [PMID: 35876713 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202200137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
It is a reasonable question to ask, why, as of 1965 when the five Woodward-Hoffmann communications appeared, did no other organic chemist discover the orbital symmetry rules for pericyclic reactions? The previous two papers in this 27-paper series on the history of the Woodward-Hoffmann rules discussed the physical chemists, chemical physicists, and theoretical chemists who could have solved the pericyclic no-mechanism problem; and the organic chemists in whose laboratory many of the key hints to this problem were found but still did not solve the problem. The stories of 16 other chemists who knew of (at least portions of) the pericyclic no-mechanism problem are presented in this paper. Social, political, and scientific explanations are presented as partial rationalizations as to why none of these individuals - except Woodward with Hoffmann - solved the pericyclic no-mechanism problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey I Seeman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Richmond, Richmond, VA 23173, USA
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2
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Seeman JI. My First and My Latest Publication
†. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.4344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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3
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Lisnyak VG, Sherwood TC, Snyder SA. The Development of Reaction Cascades to Synthesize Dimeric Coccinellid Alkaloids. Acc Chem Res 2021; 54:1610-1622. [PMID: 33646762 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Over the course of the past decade, our group has been intensely interested in achieving the laboratory synthesis of varied members of the coccinellid alkaloid family of natural products. These compounds, produced by varied species of ladybugs throughout the world as defensive agents, include several polycyclic members that can formally be considered as either monomeric or dimeric with architectures that contain between 3 and 7 ring systems along with an array of stereocenters. As a result of their fascinating structures, many groups have achieved syntheses of varied monomeric members using a variety of synthetic strategies and tactics. However, no efforts to synthesize any of the dimeric structures had been reported at the time we began our studies, and only a modest amount of study had been performed as relates to their biosynthesis, with little knowledge of how the larger structures might actually arise in Nature. In this Account, we provide an overview of our general synthetic considerations to achieve a global synthesis of the collection, efforts that have led to date to the formal and total synthesis of 12 different members, 4 at the dimer level. Critical was (1) the identification of a key, common intermediate to enable access to a large number of monomeric substructures in short order, (2) careful thinking as to how the larger structures might arise biosynthetically to fuel building block design, and (3) the development of several reaction cascades that rapidly assembled the majority of their molecular complexity in single-pot operations. Key discoveries in the program include the finding that when efforts to achieve intermolecular dimerizations fail with advanced intermediates, attempts to couple more functionalized fragments earlier and then fold them into the desired structure can be an effective strategy. We also highlight suggestive evidence that a non-natural isomer we originally prepared from one of those cascades may, in fact, be a natural product. And, in particular, we will focus on how two key cascades were developed, as a result of synthetic challenges at varied points in our explorations, which proved capable of forging multiple bonds, rings, and stereocenters in the target structures. One of these includes a designed event that combined 9 different chemical reactions in a single pot and may prove useful for the synthesis of other targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladislav G. Lisnyak
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, 5735 S. Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Trevor C. Sherwood
- Research and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Scott A. Snyder
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, 5735 S. Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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4
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Senge MO, Sergeeva NN, Hale KJ. Classic highlights in porphyrin and porphyrinoid total synthesis and biosynthesis. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:4730-4789. [PMID: 33623938 DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00719a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Porphyrins feature prominently in nature, be it as enzymatic cofactors, electron and exciton shuffles, as photoactive dyes, or as signaling substances. Their involvement in the generation, storage and use of oxygen is pivotal to life, while their photochemical properties are central to the biochemical functioning of plants. When complexed to metals, porphyrins can engage in a multitude of contemporary applications ranging from solar energy generation to serving as catalysts for important chemical reactions. They are also able to function as useful theranostic agents, and as novel materials for a wide range of applications. As such, they are widely considered to be highly valuable molecules, and it almost goes without saying that synthetic organic chemistry has dramatically underpinned all the key advances made, by providing reliable access to them. In fact, strategies for the synthesis of functionalized porphyrins have now reached a state of refinement where pretty well any desired porphyrin can successfully be synthesized with the approaches that are available, including a cornucopia of related macrocycle-modified porphyrinoids. In this review, we are going to illustrate the development of this exciting field by discussing a number of classic syntheses of porphyrins. Our coverage will encompass the natural protoporphyrins and chlorophylls, while also covering general strategies for the synthesis of unsymmetrical porphyrins and chlorins. Various industrial syntheses of porphyrins will also be discussed, as will other routes of great practical importance, and avenues to key porphyrinoids with modified macrocycles. A range of selected examples of contemporary functionalization reactions will be highlighted. The various key syntheses will be described and analyzed from a traditional mechanistic organic chemistry perspective to help student readers, and those who are new to this area. The aim will be to allow readers to mechanistically appreciate and understand how many of these fascinating ring-systems are built and further functionalized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias O Senge
- School of Chemistry, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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5
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Bissonnette NB, Ryu KA, Reyes‐Robles T, Wilhelm S, Tomlinson JH, Crotty KA, Hett EC, Roberts LR, Hazuda DJ, Jared Willis M, Oslund RC, Fadeyi OO. Design of a Multiuse Photoreactor To Enable Visible-Light Photocatalytic Chemical Transformations and Labeling in Live Cells. Chembiochem 2020; 21:3555-3562. [PMID: 32749732 PMCID: PMC7756335 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Despite the growing use of visible-light photochemistry in both chemistry and biology, no general low-heat photoreactor for use across these different disciplines exists. Herein, we describe the design and use of a standardized photoreactor for visible-light-driven activation and photocatalytic chemical transformations. Using this single benchtop photoreactor, we performed photoredox reactions across multiple visible light wavelengths, a high-throughput photocatalytic cross-coupling reaction, and in vitro labeling of proteins and live cells. Given the success of this reactor in all tested applications, we envision that this multi-use photoreactor will be widely used in biology, chemical biology, and medicinal chemistry settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah B. Bissonnette
- Exploratory Science CenterMerck & Co.Inc.320 Bent StreetCambridgeMA 02141USA
| | - Keun Ah Ryu
- Exploratory Science CenterMerck & Co.Inc.320 Bent StreetCambridgeMA 02141USA
| | - Tamara Reyes‐Robles
- Exploratory Science CenterMerck & Co.Inc.320 Bent StreetCambridgeMA 02141USA
| | - Sharon Wilhelm
- Exploratory Science CenterMerck & Co.Inc.320 Bent StreetCambridgeMA 02141USA
| | - Jake H. Tomlinson
- Exploratory Science CenterMerck & Co.Inc.320 Bent StreetCambridgeMA 02141USA
| | - Kelly A. Crotty
- Exploratory Science CenterMerck & Co.Inc.320 Bent StreetCambridgeMA 02141USA
| | - Erik C. Hett
- Exploratory Science CenterMerck & Co.Inc.320 Bent StreetCambridgeMA 02141USA
| | - Lee R. Roberts
- Exploratory Science CenterMerck & Co.Inc.320 Bent StreetCambridgeMA 02141USA
| | - Daria J. Hazuda
- Exploratory Science CenterMerck & Co.Inc.320 Bent StreetCambridgeMA 02141USA
- Infectious Diseases and Vaccine ResearchMerck & Co.Inc. Merck Research LaboratoriesWest PointPA 19486USA
| | | | - Rob C. Oslund
- Exploratory Science CenterMerck & Co.Inc.320 Bent StreetCambridgeMA 02141USA
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6
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Szczepańska M, Lodowski P, Jaworska M. Electronic excited states and luminescence properties of palladium(II)corrin complex. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2019.112226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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7
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Lopp JM, Schmidt VA. Intermolecular Phosphite-Mediated Radical Desulfurative Alkene Alkylation Using Thiols. Org Lett 2019; 21:8031-8036. [PMID: 31552741 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b03018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report herein the development of a S atom transfer process using triethyl phosphite as the S atom acceptor that allows thiols to serve as precursors of C-centered radicals. A range of functionalized and electronically unbiased alkenes including those containing common heteroatom-based functional groups readily participate in this reductive coupling. This process is driven by the exchange of relatively weak S-H and C-S bonds of aliphatic thiols for C-H, C-C, and S-P bonds of the products formed.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Lopp
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California San Diego , 9500 Gilman Drive , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
| | - Valerie A Schmidt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California San Diego , 9500 Gilman Drive , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
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8
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Morrill LA, Susick RB, Chari JV, Garg NK. Total Synthesis as a Vehicle for Collaboration. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:12423-12443. [PMID: 31356068 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b05588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
"Collaboration" is not the first word most would associate with the field of total synthesis. In fact, the spirit of total synthesis is all-too-often reputed as being more competitive, rather than collaborative, sometimes even within individual laboratories. However, recent studies in total synthesis have inspired a number of collaborative efforts that strategically blend synthetic methodology, biocatalysis, biosynthesis, computational chemistry, and drug discovery with complex molecule synthesis. This Perspective highlights select recent advances in these areas, including collaborative syntheses of chlorolissoclimide, nigelladine A, artemisinin, ingenol, hippolachnin A, communesin A, and citrinalin B. The legendary Woodward-Eschenmoser collaboration that led to the total synthesis of vitamin B12 is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas A Morrill
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
| | - Robert B Susick
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
| | - Jason V Chari
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
| | - Neil K Garg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
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10
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Scheffold R, Bertele E, Gschwend H, Häusermann W, Wehrli P, Huber W, Eschenmoser A. Corrin Syntheses. Part II. Helv Chim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.201200095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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11
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Blaser HU, Winnacker EL, Fischli A, Hardegger B, Bormann D, Hashimoto N, Schossig J, Keese R, Eschenmoser A. Corrin Syntheses. Part V. Helv Chim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.201300064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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12
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Yamada Y, Wehrli P, Miljkovic D, Wild HJ, Bühler N, Götschi E, Golding B, Löliger P, Gleason J, Pace B, Ellis L, Hunkeler W, Schneider P, Fuhrer W, Nordmann R, Srinivasachar K, Keese R, Müller K, Neier R, Eschenmoser A. Corrin Syntheses. Part VI. Helv Chim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.201500012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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14
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Hussaini SR, Chamala RR, Wang Z. The Eschenmoser sulfide contraction method and its application in the synthesis of natural products. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2015.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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15
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Lindsey JS. De novo synthesis of gem-dialkyl chlorophyll analogues for probing and emulating our green world. Chem Rev 2015; 115:6534-620. [PMID: 26068531 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan S Lindsey
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
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16
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Sherwood T, Trotta AH, Snyder SA. A strategy for complex dimer formation when biomimicry fails: total synthesis of ten coccinellid alkaloids. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:9743-53. [PMID: 24959981 PMCID: PMC4105056 DOI: 10.1021/ja5045852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Although dimeric natural products can often be synthesized in the laboratory by directly merging advanced monomers, these approaches sometimes fail, leading instead to non-natural architectures via incorrect unions. Such a situation arose during our studies of the coccinellid alkaloids, when attempts to directly dimerize Nature's presumed monomeric precursors in a putative biomimetic sequence afforded only a non-natural analogue through improper regiocontrol. Herein, we outline a unique strategy for dimer formation that obviates these difficulties, one which rapidly constructs the coccinellid dimers psylloborine A and isopsylloborine A through a terminating sequence of two reaction cascades that generate five bonds, five rings, and four stereocenters. In addition, a common synthetic intermediate is identified which allows for the rapid, asymmetric formal or complete total syntheses of eight monomeric members of the class.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor
C. Sherwood
- Department
of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Adam H. Trotta
- Department
of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Scott A. Snyder
- Department
of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, New York, New York 10027, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
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17
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Abstract
The paralytic agent (+)-saxitoxin (STX), most commonly associated with oceanic red tides and shellfish poisoning, is a potent inhibitor of electrical conduction in cells. Its nefarious effects result from inhibition of voltage-gated sodium channels (Na(V)s), the obligatory proteins responsible for the initiation and propagation of action potentials. In the annals of ion channel research, the identification and characterization of Na(V)s trace to the availability of STX and an allied guanidinium derivative, tetrodotoxin. The mystique of STX is expressed in both its function and form, as this uniquely compact dication boasts more heteroatoms than carbon centers. This Review highlights both the chemistry and chemical biology of this fascinating natural product, and offers a perspective as to how molecular design and synthesis may be used to explore Na(V) structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun P Thottumkara
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5080 (USA)
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19
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Liang J, Soucy VD, Tusi V, Liu Y, Zhang B, Lai Y, Magnuson S, Zhu B, Wang F, Gu J, Zhang Q, Wu Y, Deng W, Yang W. Steric and Electronic Factors Influence Regio-isomeric Thiazole Formations Between Substituted Benzothioamides and Ethyl Bromopyruvate. J Heterocycl Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.1644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liang
- Discovery Chemistry; Genentech; 1 DNA Way South San Francisco CA 94080
| | | | - Vickie Tusi
- Discovery Chemistry; Genentech; 1 DNA Way South San Francisco CA 94080
| | - Yanzhou Liu
- Discovery Chemistry; Genentech; 1 DNA Way South San Francisco CA 94080
| | - Birong Zhang
- Discovery Chemistry; Genentech; 1 DNA Way South San Francisco CA 94080
| | - Yingjie Lai
- Discovery Chemistry; Genentech; 1 DNA Way South San Francisco CA 94080
| | - Steve Magnuson
- Discovery Chemistry; Genentech; 1 DNA Way South San Francisco CA 94080
| | - Bingyan Zhu
- Discovery Chemistry; Genentech; 1 DNA Way South San Francisco CA 94080
| | - Fangdao Wang
- ChemPartner; 998 Halei Road, Zhang Jiang Hi-tech Park, Pudong New Area Shanghai 201203 People's Republic of China
| | - Jinghao Gu
- ChemPartner; 998 Halei Road, Zhang Jiang Hi-tech Park, Pudong New Area Shanghai 201203 People's Republic of China
| | - Qingfen Zhang
- ChemPartner; 998 Halei Road, Zhang Jiang Hi-tech Park, Pudong New Area Shanghai 201203 People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Wu
- ChemPartner; 998 Halei Road, Zhang Jiang Hi-tech Park, Pudong New Area Shanghai 201203 People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Deng
- ChemPartner; 998 Halei Road, Zhang Jiang Hi-tech Park, Pudong New Area Shanghai 201203 People's Republic of China
| | - Wenqian Yang
- ChemPartner; 998 Halei Road, Zhang Jiang Hi-tech Park, Pudong New Area Shanghai 201203 People's Republic of China
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Ruetz M, Fedosov SN, Kräutler B. Wiederherstellung des B12-Makrocyclus durch radikalischen Ringschluss eines blauen Secocorrins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201202878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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21
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Ruetz M, Fedosov SN, Kräutler B. Reconstitution of the B12Macrocycle by Radical Ring Closure of a Blue Secocorrin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:6780-4. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201202878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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22
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Eschenmoser A. Ätiologie potentiell primordialer Biomolekül-Strukturen: Vom Vitamin B12 zu den Nukleinsäuren und der Frage nach der Chemie der Entstehung des Lebens - ein Rückblick. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201103672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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23
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Eschenmoser A. Etiology of potentially primordial biomolecular structures: from vitamin B12 to the nucleic acids and an inquiry into the chemistry of life's origin: a retrospective. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:12412-72. [PMID: 22162284 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201103672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
"We'll never be able to know" is a truism that leads to resignation with respect to any experimental effort to search for the chemistry of life's origin. But such resignation runs radically counter to the challenge imposed upon chemistry as a natural science. Notwithstanding the prognosis according to which the shortest path to understanding the metamorphosis of the chemical into the biological is by way of experimental modeling of "artificial chemical life", the scientific search for the route nature adopted in creating the life we know will arguably never truly end. It is, after all, part of the search for our own origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Eschenmoser
- Organisch-chemisches Laboratorium der ETH Zürich, Hönggerberg, Wolfgang-Pauli-Str. 10, CHI H309, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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24
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Bach T, Hehn JP. Photochemical reactions as key steps in natural product synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:1000-45. [PMID: 21246702 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201002845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 589] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Photochemical reactions contribute in a significant way to the existing repertoire of carbon-carbon bond-forming reactions by allowing access to exceptional molecular structures that cannot be obtained by conventional means. In this Review, the most important photochemical transformations that have been employed in natural product synthesis are presented. Selected total syntheses are discussed as examples, with particular attention given to the photochemical key step and its stereoselectivity. The structural relationship between the photochemically generated molecule and the natural product is shown, and, where necessary, the consecutive reactions in the synthesis are illustrated and classified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Bach
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie I, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747 Garching, Germany.
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Bach T, Hehn JP. Photochemische Reaktionen als Schlüsselschritte in der Naturstoffsynthese. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201002845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Pfaltz A. Enantioselective Catalysis with Metal Complexes Containing Heterocyclic Ligands. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/bscb.19900990910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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27
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A. Jacobi P, L. Brielmann H, Chiu M, Ghosh I, I. Hauck S, Lanz S, Leung S, Li Y, Liu H, Löwer F, G. O’Neal W, Pippin D, Pollina E, A. Pratt B, Robert F, P. Roberts W, Tassa C, Wang H. 4-Alkynoic Acids in the Synthesis of Biologically Important Tetrapyrroles. HETEROCYCLES 2010. [DOI: 10.3987/rev-10-sr(e)6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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28
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Bower JF, Szeto P, Gallagher T. Cyclic Sulfamidates as Precursors to Alkylidene Pyrrolidines and Piperidines. Org Lett 2007; 9:4909-12. [DOI: 10.1021/ol7022104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John F. Bower
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K., and Synthetic Chemistry, GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Peter Szeto
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K., and Synthetic Chemistry, GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Timothy Gallagher
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K., and Synthetic Chemistry, GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage SG1 2NY, U.K
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29
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Eschenmoser A. B12: reminiscences and afterthoughts. CIBA FOUNDATION SYMPOSIUM 2007; 180:309-29; discussion 329-32. [PMID: 7842861 DOI: 10.1002/9780470514535.ch17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes some of the chemistry of synthetic corrinoids and corphinoids carried out at the ETH (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology) after the completion of the non-enzymic synthesis of vitamin B12 and attempts to delineate the interplay between mechanistic hypotheses, model studies and the experimental research in B12 biosynthesis which had spurred this work. The afterthoughts deal with why and how the work on corrinoids eventually led to an experimental involvement in the problem of a chemical aetiology of the structure of natural nucleic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Eschenmoser
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH-Zentrum, Zürich, Switzerland
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Heinz B, Malkmus S, Laimgruber S, Dietrich S, Schulz C, Rück-Braun K, Braun M, Zinth W, Gilch P. Comparing a Photoinduced Pericyclic Ring Opening and Closure: Differences in the Excited State Pathways. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:8577-84. [PMID: 17567132 DOI: 10.1021/ja071396i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The photochromicity of fulgimides rests on the existence of open (E) and closed ring (C) isomers. As predicted by the Woodward-Hoffmann rules both isomers can photochemically be interconverted. This interconversion has been studied by femtosecond fluorescence and transient absorption spectroscopy. For either direction (E --> C cyclization and C --> E cycloreversion) a biphasic fluorescence decay on the 0.1-1 ps time scale is observed. The longer time constants of the decays equal the formation times of the photoproducts. The time constants retrieved (0.06 and 0.4 ps for E --> C, 0.09 and 2.4 ps for C --> E) and the associated spectral signatures differ substantially. This indicates that no common excited-state pathway for the two directions exists, as one would infer from a simple Woodward-Hoffmann consideration. These findings support recent quantum dynamic calculations on the excited-state topology of fulgimides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Heinz
- Department für Physik - Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Oettingenstrasse 67, D-80538 München, Germany
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Affiliation(s)
- R. W. Saalfrank
- a Institut für Organische Chemie der Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Henkestrasse 42, D-91054 , Erlangen , Germany
| | - A. Dresel
- a Institut für Organische Chemie der Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Henkestrasse 42, D-91054 , Erlangen , Germany
| | - B. Hörner
- a Institut für Organische Chemie der Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Henkestrasse 42, D-91054 , Erlangen , Germany
| | - O. Struck
- a Institut für Organische Chemie der Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Henkestrasse 42, D-91054 , Erlangen , Germany
| | - H. Maid
- a Institut für Organische Chemie der Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Henkestrasse 42, D-91054 , Erlangen , Germany
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Kräutler B, Stepánek R. The Vitamin-B12-derived Co(III)-Complex ‘Pyrocobester’ as Photosensitizer and as Substrate in Reactions Involving ‘Singlet Oxygen’. Helv Chim Acta 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19830660517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Roth M, Dubs P, Götschi E, Eschenmoser A. Sulfidkontraktionviaalkylative Kupplung: Eine methode zur darstellung von β-dicarbonylderivaten. Über synthetische methoden, 1. Mitteilung. Helv Chim Acta 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19710540229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 261] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Pfaltz A, Hardegger B, Müller PM, Farooq S, Kräutler B, Eschenmoser A. Synthese und reduktive Cyclisierung eines Δ18-Dehydro-A/D-secocorrinkomplexes. Helv Chim Acta 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19750580520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Pfaltz A, Bühler N, Neier R, Hirai K, Eschenmoser A. Photochemische und nicht-photochemische A/D-Secocorrin→Corrin-Cyclisierungen bei 19-Carboxy- und 19-Formyl-1-methyliden-1,19-secocorrinaten. Decarboxylierbarkeit und Deformylierbarkeit von Nickel (II)-19-carboxy- bzw. 19-formyl-corrinaten. Vorläufige Mitt. Helv Chim Acta 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19770600817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Ksander G, Bold G, Lattmann R, Lehmann C, Früh T, Xiang YB, Inomata K, Buser HP, Schreiber J, Zass E, Eschenmoser A. Chemie der α-Aminonitrile 1. Mitteilung Einleitung und Wege zu Uroporphyrinogen-octanitrilen. Helv Chim Acta 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19870700424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Saalfrank RW, Maid H, Hampel F, Peters K. 1D- and 2D-Coordination Polymers from Self-Complementary Building Blocks: Co-Crystallization of (P)- and (M)-Single-Stranded Diastereoisomers. Eur J Inorg Chem 1999. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1099-0682(199911)1999:11<1859::aid-ejic1859>3.0.co;2-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Jacobi PA, Liu H. Studies on Corrin Synthesis. A Solution to the Introduction of Meso Substituents. J Org Chem 1999; 64:1778-1779. [PMID: 11674262 DOI: 10.1021/jo9824899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter A. Jacobi
- Department of Chemistry, Wesleyan University, Middletown, Connecticut 06459-0180, and Burke Chemical Laboratory, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755
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Montforts FP, Glasenapp-Breiling M. Chapter 1 The synthesis of chlorins, bacteriochlorins, isobacteriochlorins and higher reduced porphyrins. PROGRESS IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-6380(98)80003-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Minehan TG, Kishi Y. Extension of the Eschenmoser sulfide contraction/iminoester cyclization method to the synthesis of tolyporphin chromophore. Tetrahedron Lett 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(97)01601-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Scott AI, Stolowich NJ, Wang J, Gawatz O, Fridrich E, Müller G. Biosynthesis of vitamin B12: factor IV, a new intermediate in the anaerobic pathway. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1996; 93:14316-9. [PMID: 8962047 PMCID: PMC26128 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.93.25.14316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/1996] [Accepted: 09/26/1996] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The structure of a novel tetradehydrocorrin, factor IV, isolated from Propionibacterium shermanii has been established by multidimensional NMR spectroscopy. Incorporation of radiolabeled factor IV into cobyrinic acid established the biointermediacy of this cobalt complex, whose structure has implications for the mechanisms of the anaerobic pathway to B12.
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Affiliation(s)
- A I Scott
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station 77843-3255, USA.
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Misun M, Pfaltz A. Enantioselective Reduction of Electrophilic C?C Bonds with sodium tetrahydroborate and ?semicorrin? cobalt catalysts. Helv Chim Acta 1996. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19960790404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Chiral semicorrin and bis-oxazoline ligands in asymmetric catalysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/s1874-5156(06)80006-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Studies on pyrrolidones. Synthesis and reactivity of β-enaminomono-esters and β-enaminomononitriles derived from pyroglutamic acid. J Heterocycl Chem 1994. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.5570310424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Sallfrank RW, Struck O, Peters K, Von Schnering HG. Siderophore, III. Neutrale Koordinationspolymere aus Pyrrolinyl-enolen und Kupfer(II)1-acetat durch spontane Selbstorganisation – Kristallstruktur von 2D-[CuL22]n. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1002/cber.19931260338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Semicorrin Metal Complexes as Enantioselective Catalysts. Part 1. Synthesis of chiral semicorrin ligands and general concepts. Helv Chim Acta 1988. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19880710620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Bahaji EH, Bastide P, Bastide J, Rubat C, Tronche P. Synthèse et activité analgésique de nouvelles uréines dérivées du pyrrolidinylidène-2 acétate d'éthyle. Eur J Med Chem 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/0223-5234(88)90194-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Eschenmoser A. Vitamin B12: Experimente zur Frage nach dem Ursprung seiner molekularen Struktur. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1988. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.19881000106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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