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Uwabe Y, Muto K, Yamaguchi J. Concise Synthesis of (±)-Fortuneicyclidins and (±)-Cephalotine B Enabled by Pd-Catalyzed Dearomative Spirocyclization. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302769. [PMID: 37703132 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Total syntheses of C11-oxygenated Cephalotaxus alkaloids, fortuneicyclidins A and B, and cephalotine B, were achieved. The key for the synthesis is a Pd-catalyzed dearomative spirocyclization of bromofurans with N-tosylhydrazones, followed by acid-mediated tandem transformation to construct the tetracyclic skeleton with the C11-oxygen functional group. Chemo-selective and catalytic functional group conversions of the tetracyclic intermediate completed the synthesis of fortuneicyclidins and cephalotine B in 8 and 9 steps, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yota Uwabe
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Waseda University, 513 Wasedatsurumakicho, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-0041, Japan
| | - Kei Muto
- Waseda Institute for Advanced Study, Waseda University, 513 Wasedatsurumakicho, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-0041, Japan
| | - Junichiro Yamaguchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Waseda University, 513 Wasedatsurumakicho, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-0041, Japan
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2
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Zhang J, Dai H, Ding H, Fan Y, Chen H, Jing M. Concise Synthesis of (±)-Cephalotaxine. HETEROCYCLES 2023. [DOI: 10.3987/com-22-14774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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3
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Tanpure SD, Kardile RD, Liu RS. Relay Zn( ii)- and Au( i)-catalyzed aziridination/cyclization/ring expansion sequence to form 3-benzazepine derivatives. Org Chem Front 2023. [DOI: 10.1039/d3qo00134b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of 3H-benzo[d]azepine-2-carboxylates from 2-alkynylphenyl aldimines and α-diazo esters using Zn(ii) and Au(i) catalysts is described.
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Yang C, Shi L, Wang F, Su Y, Xia JB, Li F. Rhodium-Catalyzed Asymmetric (3 + 2 + 2) Annulation via N–H/C–H Dual Activation and Internal Alkyne Insertion toward N-Fused 5/7 Bicycles. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c04373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Lijun Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Fang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yijin Su
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Ji-Bao Xia
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Fuwei Li
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
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5
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Cheng JT, Zheng X, Huang PQ. Construction of multifunctional heterocycles bearing aza-quaternary carbons by titanocene-catalyzed umpolung reactions. Tetrahedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.11.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Pérard-Viret J, Quteishat L, Alsalim R, Royer J, Dumas F. Cephalotaxus Alkaloids. THE ALKALOIDS. CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY 2017; 78:205-352. [PMID: 28838429 PMCID: PMC7110560 DOI: 10.1016/bs.alkal.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cephalotaxus alkaloids represent a family of plant secondary metabolites known for 60 years. Significant activity against leukemia in mice was demonstrated for extracts of Cephalotaxus. Cephalotaxine (CET) (1), the major alkaloid of this series was isolated from Cephalotaxus drupacea species by Paudler in 1963. The subsequent discovery of promising antitumor activity among new Cephalotaxus derivatives reported by Chinese, Japanese, and American teams triggered extensive structure elucidation and biological studies in this family. The structural feature of this cephalotaxane family relies mainly on its tetracyclic alkaloid backbone, which comprises an azaspiranic 1-azaspiro[4.4]nonane unit (rings C and D) and a benzazepine ring system (rings A and B), which is linked by its C3 alcohol function to a chiral oxygenated side chain by a carboxylic function alpha to a tetrasubstituted carbon center. The botanical distribution of these alkaloids is limited to the Cephalotaxus genus (Cephalotaxaceae). The scope of biological activities of the Cephalotaxus alkaloids is mainly centered on the antileukemic activity of homoharringtonine (HHT) (2), which in particular demonstrated marked benefits in the treatment of orphan myeloid leukemia and was approved as soon as 2009 by European Medicine Agency and by US Food and Drug Administration in 2012. Its exact mechanism of action was partly elucidated and it was early recognized that HHT (2) inhibited protein synthesis at the level of the ribosome machinery. Interestingly, after a latency period of two decades, the topic of Cephalotaxus alkaloids reemerged as a prolific source of new natural structures. To date, more than 70 compounds have been identified and characterized. Synthetic studies also regained attention during the past two decades, and numerous methodologies were developed to access the first semisynthetic HHT (2) of high purity suitable for clinical studies, and then high grade enantiomerically pure CET (1), HHT (2), and analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joëlle Pérard-Viret
- Université Paris Descartes, CNRS, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Laith Quteishat
- Université Paris Sud, CNRS, Université Paris Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Rana Alsalim
- Université Paris Sud, CNRS, Université Paris Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Jacques Royer
- Université Paris Descartes, CNRS, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Françoise Dumas
- Université Paris Sud, CNRS, Université Paris Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
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7
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Ni L, Schinnerl J, Bao MF, Zhang BJ, Wu J, Cai XH. Two key biogenetic intermediates of Cephalotaxus alkaloids from Cephalotaxus oliveri and C. lanceolata. Tetrahedron Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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8
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Nitroso-ene cyclization enabled access to 1-azaspiro[4.4]nonane and its application in a modular synthesis toward (±)-cephalotaxine. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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9
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Zafar MN, Mohsin MA, Danish M, Nazar MF, Murtaza S. Palladium catalyzed Heck-Mizoroki and Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reactions (Review). RUSS J COORD CHEM+ 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070328414110104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Xiao KJ, Luo JM, Xia XE, Wang Y, Huang PQ. General One-Pot Reductivegem-Bis-Alkylation of Tertiary Lactams/Amides: Rapid Construction of 1-Azaspirocycles and Formal Total Synthesis of (±)-Cephalotaxine. Chemistry 2013; 19:13075-86. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201302096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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12
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Wang L, Menche D. Concise Synthesis of Acetal-Protectedsyn1,3-Diols by a Tandem Hemiacetal Formation/Tsuji-Trost Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:9425-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201203911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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14
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Wang L, Menche D. Kurze Synthese von Acetal-geschützten 1,3-syn-Diolen durch einen Tandemprozess aus Halbacetalbildung und Tsuji-Trost-Reaktion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201203911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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15
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Zhang QW, Xiang K, Tu YQ, Zhang SY, Zhang XM, Zhao YM, Zhang TC. Formal synthesis of (-)-cephalotaxine based on a tandem hydroamination/semipinacol rearrangement reaction. Chem Asian J 2012; 7:894-8. [PMID: 22383373 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201101029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
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Abdelkafi H, Nay B. Natural products from Cephalotaxus sp.: chemical diversity and synthetic aspects. Nat Prod Rep 2012; 29:845-69. [DOI: 10.1039/c2np20037f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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17
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Martin RE, Polomska ME, Byrne LT, Stewart SG. An intramolecular Tsuji-Trost reaction based approach to the synthesis of 6-methylene indolizidines. Tetrahedron Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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18
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19
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Zhao YM, Gu P, Zhang HJ, Zhang QW, Fan CA, Tu YQ, Zhang FM. Formal Syntheses of (±)-Stemonamine and (±)-Cephalotaxine. J Org Chem 2009; 74:3211-3. [DOI: 10.1021/jo900113s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ming Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Peiming Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Qing-Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Chun-An Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Qiang Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Fu-Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
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20
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Edwankar CR, Edwankar RV, Rallapalli S, Cook JM. General Approach to the Total Synthesis of Macroline-Related Sarpagine and Ajmaline Alkaloids 1. Nat Prod Commun 2008. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x0800301114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Described in this review is a general and efficient strategy for the synthesis of macroline-related sarpagine and ajmaline alkaloids. The tetracyclic ketone in the parent system, as well as the alkoxy substituted series served as templates for the synthesis of these complex molecules. The palladium-mediated enolate cross coupling process, regiospecific hydroboration, and Tollens reaction are some of the key transformations that have been employed for further functionalization of these templates. Synthetic routes that have been improved, in order to obtain gram quantities of these alkaloids form a part of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chitra R. Edwankar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA
| | - Rahul V. Edwankar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA
| | - Sundari Rallapalli
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA
| | - James M. Cook
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA
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21
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Hameed A, Blake AJ, Hayes CJ. A Second Generation Formal Synthesis of (−)-Cephalotaxine. J Org Chem 2008; 73:8045-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jo801540q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Hameed
- The School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Alexander J. Blake
- The School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Christopher J. Hayes
- The School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, U.K
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22
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Taniguchi T, Ishibashi H. Short Synthesis of (−)-Cephalotaxine Using a Radical Cascade. Org Lett 2008; 10:4129-31. [DOI: 10.1021/ol801747m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Taniguchi
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ishibashi
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
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23
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Esmieu WR, Worden SM, Catterick D, Wilson C, Hayes CJ. A Formal Synthesis of (-)-Cephalotaxine. Org Lett 2008; 10:3045-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ol8010166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- William R. Esmieu
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K., and GlaxoSmithKline, Old Powder Mills, Tonbridge, Kent TN11 9AN, U.K
| | - Stephen M. Worden
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K., and GlaxoSmithKline, Old Powder Mills, Tonbridge, Kent TN11 9AN, U.K
| | - David Catterick
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K., and GlaxoSmithKline, Old Powder Mills, Tonbridge, Kent TN11 9AN, U.K
| | - Claire Wilson
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K., and GlaxoSmithKline, Old Powder Mills, Tonbridge, Kent TN11 9AN, U.K
| | - Christopher J. Hayes
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K., and GlaxoSmithKline, Old Powder Mills, Tonbridge, Kent TN11 9AN, U.K
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24
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Tietze L, Redert T, Bell H, Hellkamp S, Levy L. Efficient Synthesis of the Structural Core of Tetracyclines by a Palladium-Catalyzed Domino Tsuji–Trost–Heck–Mizoroki Reaction. Chemistry 2008; 14:2527-35. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200701676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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25
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Eckelbarger JD, Wilmot JT, Epperson MT, Thakur CS, Shum D, Antczak C, Tarassishin L, Djaballah H, Gin DY. Synthesis of antiproliferative Cephalotaxus esters and their evaluation against several human hematopoietic and solid tumor cell lines: uncovering differential susceptibilities to multidrug resistance. Chemistry 2008; 14:4293-306. [PMID: 18366032 PMCID: PMC2631657 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200701998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Deoxyharringtonine (2), homoharringtonine (3), homodeoxyharringtonine (4), and anhydroharringtonine (5) are reported to be among the most potent members of the antileukemia alkaloids isolated from the Cephalotaxus genus. Convergent syntheses of these four natural products are described, each involving novel synthetic methods and strategies. These syntheses enabled evaluation of several advanced natural and non-natural compounds against an array of human hematopoietic and solid tumor cells. Potent cytotoxicity was observed in several cell lines previously not challenged with these alkaloids. Variations in the structure of the ester chain within this family of alkaloids confer differing activity profiles against vincristine-resistant HL-60/RV+, signalling new avenues for molecular design of these natural products to combat multi-drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph D. Eckelbarger
- J. D. Eckelbarger, M. T. Epperson, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 (USA)
| | - Jeremy T. Wilmot
- J. T. Wilmot, C. S. Thakur, D. Shum, C. Antczak, L. Tarassishin, Dr. H. Djaballah, Prof. D. Y. Gin, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065 (USA)
| | - Matthew T. Epperson
- J. D. Eckelbarger, M. T. Epperson, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 (USA)
| | - Chandar S. Thakur
- J. T. Wilmot, C. S. Thakur, D. Shum, C. Antczak, L. Tarassishin, Dr. H. Djaballah, Prof. D. Y. Gin, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065 (USA)
| | - David Shum
- J. T. Wilmot, C. S. Thakur, D. Shum, C. Antczak, L. Tarassishin, Dr. H. Djaballah, Prof. D. Y. Gin, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065 (USA)
| | - Christophe Antczak
- J. T. Wilmot, C. S. Thakur, D. Shum, C. Antczak, L. Tarassishin, Dr. H. Djaballah, Prof. D. Y. Gin, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065 (USA)
| | - Leonid Tarassishin
- J. T. Wilmot, C. S. Thakur, D. Shum, C. Antczak, L. Tarassishin, Dr. H. Djaballah, Prof. D. Y. Gin, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065 (USA)
| | - Hakim Djaballah
- J. T. Wilmot, C. S. Thakur, D. Shum, C. Antczak, L. Tarassishin, Dr. H. Djaballah, Prof. D. Y. Gin, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065 (USA)
| | - David Y. Gin
- J. T. Wilmot, C. S. Thakur, D. Shum, C. Antczak, L. Tarassishin, Dr. H. Djaballah, Prof. D. Y. Gin, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065 (USA)
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Liao X, Huang S, Zhou H, Parrish D, Cook JM. Cascade Approach toward the Core Structure of Neosarpagine. Org Lett 2007; 9:1469-71. [PMID: 17358071 DOI: 10.1021/ol070148o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] A palladium-catalyzed domino sequence was developed to rapidly construct the core structure of neosarpagine and other quinuclidine-related alkaloids. The cyclization of ketone 11 to ethylidene 4 with Pd(dba)2, DPEphos, LiHMDS, and ZnCl2 in THF represents a new domino process wherein a nonstabilized enolate served as a nucleophile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuebin Liao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 3210 North Cramer Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, USA
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27
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Li WDZ, Wang XW. Novel Formal Synthesis of Cephalotaxine via a Facile Friedel−Crafts Cyclization. Org Lett 2007; 9:1211-4. [PMID: 17348663 DOI: 10.1021/ol070024b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
[structure: see text]. A novel formal synthesis of cephalotaxine (CET), the parent structure of the antileukemia Cephalotaxus alkaloids, was achieved via a facile Friedel-Crafts cyclization of the amino (or amido) spiro-cyclopentenone precursor (A) mediated by a protic acid leading to tetracyclic ketone B. A remarkable stereoelectronic effect of the methylenedioxy substituent (R) and an interesting skeletal isomerization of the CET core ring system (B, X = H2) were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Dong Z Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
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28
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Abstract
Palladium-catalyzed transformations are of great importance in modern synthetic organic chemistry. The vast number of reactions that can be catalyzed by Pd0- as well as Pd2+-complexes in combination with the relative stability of the intermediates offers the intriguing opportunity of carrying out multiple consecutive bond-forming processes. They can be even performed in a domino fashion and in the presence of chiral ligands to allow the efficient preparation of almost enantiopure compounds. In this article, the use of double Heck, Tsuji-Trost-Heck, and Wacker-Heck reactions for the total syntheses of estradiol, spinosyn A analogs, cephalotaxine, and vitamin E is described.
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29
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Farina V. High-Turnover Palladium Catalysts in Cross-Coupling and Heck Chemistry: A Critical Overview. Adv Synth Catal 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.200404178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 575] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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30
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Tietze LF, Matthias Wiegand J, Vock C. Synthesis of enantiopure B-nor-steroids by multiple Pd-catalyzed transformations. J Organomet Chem 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-328x(03)00720-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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31
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Herrmann WA, Öfele K, v. Preysing D, Schneider SK. Phospha-palladacycles and N-heterocyclic carbene palladium complexes: efficient catalysts for CC-coupling reactions. J Organomet Chem 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2003.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 313] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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32
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Beletskaya IP, Cheprakov AV. The heck reaction as a sharpening stone of palladium catalysis. Chem Rev 2000; 100:3009-66. [PMID: 11749313 DOI: 10.1021/cr9903048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2982] [Impact Index Per Article: 124.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I P Beletskaya
- Department of Chemistry, Moscow State University, 119899 Moscow, Russia
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35
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Poli G, Giambastiani G, Heumann A. Palladium in Organic Synthesis: Fundamental Transformations and Domino Processes. Tetrahedron 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(00)00438-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Trancard D, Tout JB, Giard T, Chichaoui I, Cahard D, Plaquevent JC. Pyrrolidines bearing a quaternary α-stereogenic center. Part 2: Access to proline chimeras, stereoselective approach and mechanistic aspects. Tetrahedron Lett 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)00505-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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