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Bian Y, Leng X, Wei Z, Wang Z, Tu Z, Wang Y, Li Y. End-Chain Fluorescent Highly Branched Poly(l-lactide)s: Synthesis, Architecture-Dependence, and Fluorescent Visible Paclitaxel-Loaded Microspheres. Biomacromolecules 2019; 20:3952-3968. [PMID: 31490668 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b01020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A facile method in combination of "grafting from" and "end-functionalization" was developed for the synthesis of fluorescent highly branched poly(l-lactide)s (PLLA-COU) via ring opening polymerization (ROP) and esterification end-capping. These resulting PLLA-COU with four kinds of architectures, including linear, star, linear-comb, and star-comb structures, were subjected to characterization and application as fluorescent visible paclitaxel-loaded microspheres. The mutual effects of architecture and end-groups on thermal and fluorescence properties, enzymatic degradation, and drug release behaviors were focused. Contrast to linear and star PLLA-COU, two comb-shaped analogues demonstrated higher fluorescence quantum yield, faster drug release, and lower enzymatic degradation rate. All the fluorescent microspheres could maintain fluorescence traceability. The fluorescent PLLA-COU displayed negligible toxicity and good biocompatibility. This work highlights that the fluorescent highly branched poly(l-lactide)s are properties-tailored and used as fluorescent visible drug delivery systems (DDS) for potential theranostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Bian
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Engineering, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024 , China
| | - Xuefei Leng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Engineering, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024 , China
| | - Zhiyong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Engineering, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024 , China
| | - Zefeng Wang
- Department of Chemistry , Lishui University , Lishui 323000 , China
| | - Zhu Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Engineering, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024 , China
| | - Yanshai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Engineering, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024 , China
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Engineering, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024 , China
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Das P, Kumar A, Chowdhury A, Mukherjee PS. Aggregation-Induced Emission and White Luminescence from a Combination of π-Conjugated Donor-Acceptor Organic Luminogens. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:13757-13771. [PMID: 31458076 PMCID: PMC6645036 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b01706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Two new star-shaped phenyl- and triazine-core based donor-acceptor (D-A) type conjugated molecules bearing triphenylamine end-capped arms were synthesized and characterized as imminent organic optoelectronic materials. Photophysical properties of the compounds were explored systematically via spectroscopic and theoretical methods. Because of the presence of donor-acceptor interactions, these luminogens display multifunctional properties, for instance, high extinction coefficient, large stokes shift, and pronounced solvatochromic effect. The compounds also exhibited phenomenon known as aggregation-induced emission on formation of nano-aggregates in the tetrahydrofuran-water mixture. The aggregate formation was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and dynamic light scattering analyses. Moreover, by controlling the electron withdrawing ability of the acceptor, complementary emissive fluorophores (blue and yellow) were achieved. These two complementary colors together span the entire range of visible spectrum (400-800 nm) and therefore when mixed in a requisite proportion generate white light in solution phase. These findings have potential for the progress of new organic white light radiating materials for applications in lighting and display devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paramita Das
- Department of Inorganic
and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute
of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
- Department
of Chemistry, Asutosh College, 92, S. P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata 700026, India
| | - Atul Kumar
- Department of Inorganic
and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute
of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Aniket Chowdhury
- Department of Inorganic
and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute
of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Partha Sarathi Mukherjee
- Department of Inorganic
and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute
of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
- E-mail:
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Bím D, Svobodová E, Eigner V, Rulíšek L, Hodačová J. Copper(II) and Zinc(II) Complexes of Conformationally Constrained Polyazamacrocycles as Efficient Catalysts for RNA Model Substrate Cleavage in Aqueous Solution at Physiological pH. Chemistry 2016; 22:10426-37. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201601175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Bím
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology; University of Chemistry and Technology; Technická 5 166 28 Prague 6 Czech Republic), Fax: (+420) 220-444-288
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry; v.v.i. and Gilead Sciences Research Center, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Flemingovo náměstí 2 166 10 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Eva Svobodová
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology; University of Chemistry and Technology; Technická 5 166 28 Prague 6 Czech Republic), Fax: (+420) 220-444-288
| | - Václav Eigner
- Department of Solid State Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology; University of Chemistry and Technology; Technická 5 166 28 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Lubomír Rulíšek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry; v.v.i. and Gilead Sciences Research Center, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Flemingovo náměstí 2 166 10 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Jana Hodačová
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology; University of Chemistry and Technology; Technická 5 166 28 Prague 6 Czech Republic), Fax: (+420) 220-444-288
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Matsumoto K, Nishi K, Ando K, Jikei M. Synthesis and properties of aromatic polyamide dendrimers with polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane cores. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py00599j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The intensity of specific fluorescence emission of POSS-core dendrimers showed a remarkable dependence on the generation, which is similar to the relationship between the intrinsic viscosity and the generation number.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kunio Nishi
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Akita University
- Akita-shi
- Japan
| | - Kimiko Ando
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Akita University
- Akita-shi
- Japan
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Badaeva E, Harpham MR, Guda R, Süzer Ö, Ma CQ, Bäuerle P, Goodson T, Tretiak S. Excited-State Structure of Oligothiophene Dendrimers: Computational and Experimental Study. J Phys Chem B 2010; 114:15808-17. [DOI: 10.1021/jp109624d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Badaeva
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States, Department of Chemistry, Applied Physics Program, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor Michigan 48109, United States, Institute of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced Materials, University of Ulm, 89081, Ulm, Germany, and Theoretical Division, Center for Nonlinear Studies (CNLS), and Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Michael R. Harpham
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States, Department of Chemistry, Applied Physics Program, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor Michigan 48109, United States, Institute of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced Materials, University of Ulm, 89081, Ulm, Germany, and Theoretical Division, Center for Nonlinear Studies (CNLS), and Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Ramakrishna Guda
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States, Department of Chemistry, Applied Physics Program, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor Michigan 48109, United States, Institute of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced Materials, University of Ulm, 89081, Ulm, Germany, and Theoretical Division, Center for Nonlinear Studies (CNLS), and Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Özgün Süzer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States, Department of Chemistry, Applied Physics Program, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor Michigan 48109, United States, Institute of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced Materials, University of Ulm, 89081, Ulm, Germany, and Theoretical Division, Center for Nonlinear Studies (CNLS), and Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Chang-Qi Ma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States, Department of Chemistry, Applied Physics Program, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor Michigan 48109, United States, Institute of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced Materials, University of Ulm, 89081, Ulm, Germany, and Theoretical Division, Center for Nonlinear Studies (CNLS), and Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Peter Bäuerle
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States, Department of Chemistry, Applied Physics Program, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor Michigan 48109, United States, Institute of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced Materials, University of Ulm, 89081, Ulm, Germany, and Theoretical Division, Center for Nonlinear Studies (CNLS), and Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Theodore Goodson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States, Department of Chemistry, Applied Physics Program, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor Michigan 48109, United States, Institute of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced Materials, University of Ulm, 89081, Ulm, Germany, and Theoretical Division, Center for Nonlinear Studies (CNLS), and Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Sergei Tretiak
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States, Department of Chemistry, Applied Physics Program, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor Michigan 48109, United States, Institute of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced Materials, University of Ulm, 89081, Ulm, Germany, and Theoretical Division, Center for Nonlinear Studies (CNLS), and Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
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Azagarsamy MA, Krishnamoorthy K, Sivanandan K, Thayumanavan S. Site-specific installation and study of electroactive units in every layer of dendrons. J Org Chem 2009; 74:9475-85. [PMID: 19905006 PMCID: PMC2795052 DOI: 10.1021/jo902109u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Whereas encapsulation of functional groups at the core of dendrimers is well-understood, very little is known about their intermediate layers or even the periphery. Here we report on a systematic investigation of every layer of dendrimers by incorporating a single ferrocene unit in well-defined locations in dendrons. Site-specific incorporation of the ferrocene unit was achieved by utilizing the dendrimer sequencing methodology. We show here that the redox potential values of ferrocene at intermediate layers were remarkably different from those at the core and the periphery. Although redox potential values were location-dependent, no significant change in the rate of heterogeneous electron transfer (k(0)) was observed with respect to locations. This was attributed to the possibility that free rotation of dendrimer nullifies the distance between the electrode and ferrocene unit. Finally, we also show that no Faradaic current was observed for the amphiphilic assemblies of these dendrons, whereas the same dendron did exhibit significant Faradaic current in nonassembling solvent environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malar A Azagarsamy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
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7
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Karatasos K, Krystallis M. Dynamics of counterions in dendrimer polyelectrolyte solutions. J Chem Phys 2009; 130:114903. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3088849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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8
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Pastor-Pérez L, Barriau E, Berger-Nicoletti E, Kilbinger AFM, Pérez-Prieto J, Frey H, Stiriba SE. Incorporation of a Photosensitizer Core within Hyperbranched Polyether Polyols: Effect of the Branched Shell on the Core Properties. Macromolecules 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ma071661k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes Pastor-Pérez
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICmol), Universidad de Valencia, Polígono de la Coma s/n, 46980 Paterna (Valencia), Spain; and Institut für Organische Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Emilie Barriau
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICmol), Universidad de Valencia, Polígono de la Coma s/n, 46980 Paterna (Valencia), Spain; and Institut für Organische Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Elena Berger-Nicoletti
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICmol), Universidad de Valencia, Polígono de la Coma s/n, 46980 Paterna (Valencia), Spain; and Institut für Organische Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Andreas F. M. Kilbinger
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICmol), Universidad de Valencia, Polígono de la Coma s/n, 46980 Paterna (Valencia), Spain; and Institut für Organische Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Julia Pérez-Prieto
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICmol), Universidad de Valencia, Polígono de la Coma s/n, 46980 Paterna (Valencia), Spain; and Institut für Organische Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Holger Frey
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICmol), Universidad de Valencia, Polígono de la Coma s/n, 46980 Paterna (Valencia), Spain; and Institut für Organische Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Salah-Eddine Stiriba
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICmol), Universidad de Valencia, Polígono de la Coma s/n, 46980 Paterna (Valencia), Spain; and Institut für Organische Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55099 Mainz, Germany
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10
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Bernhardt S, Baumgarten M, Müllen K. Dendritic Encapsulation – “Postsynthetic” Functionalizations of a Single Benzophenone Shielded by Shape-Persistent Polyphenylene Dendrons. European J Org Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200500773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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11
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Ahn TS, Thompson AL, Bharathi P, Müller A, Bardeen CJ. Light-Harvesting in Carbonyl-Terminated Phenylacetylene Dendrimers: The Role of Delocalized Excited States and the Scaling of Light-Harvesting Efficiency with Dendrimer Size. J Phys Chem B 2006; 110:19810-9. [PMID: 17020366 DOI: 10.1021/jp056831e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The photophysics of a family of conjugated phenylacetylene (PA) light-harvesting dendrimers are studied using steady-state and time-resolved optical spectroscopy. The dendrimers consist of a substituted PA core surrounded by meta-branched PA arms. The total number of PA moieties ranges from 3 (first generation) to 63 (fifth generation). By using an alcohol/ketone substituent at the dendrimer core, we avoid through-space Forster transfer from the peripheral PA donors to the core acceptor (in this case, the carbonyl group), which simplifies the analysis of these molecules relative to the perylene-terminated molecules studied previously. The delocalized excited states previously identified in smaller dendrons are seen in these larger dendrimers as well, and their influence on the intersite electronic energy transfer (EET) is analyzed in terms of a point-dipole Forster model. We find that these new delocalized states can both enhance EET (by decreasing the spatial separation between donor and acceptor) and degrade it (by lowering the emission cross section and shifting the energy, resulting in poorer spectral overlap between donor and acceptor). The combination of these two effects leads to a calculated intersite transfer time of 6 ps, in reasonable agreement with the 5-17 ps range obtained from experiment. In addition to characterizing the electronic states and intersite energy transfer times, we also examine how the overall light-harvesting efficiency scales with dendrimer size. After taking the size dependence of other nonradiative processes, such as excimer formation, into account, the overall dendrimer quenching rate k(Q) is found to decrease exponentially with dendrimer size over the first four generations. This exponential decrease is predicted by simple theoretical considerations and by kinetic models, but the dependence on generation is steeper than expected based on those models, probably due to increased disorder in the larger dendrimers. We discuss the implications of these results for dendrimeric light-harvesting structures based on PA and other chemical motifs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai Sang Ahn
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
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12
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Sun M, Bo Z. Tuning the optical properties of hyperbranched polymers through the modification of the end groups. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.21810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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13
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Leclaire J, Dagiral R, Fery-Forgues S, Coppel Y, Donnadieu B, Caminade AM, Majoral JP. Octasubstituted Metal-Free Phthalocyanine as Core of Phosphorus Dendrimers: A Probe for the Properties of the Internal Structure. J Am Chem Soc 2005; 127:15762-70. [PMID: 16277519 DOI: 10.1021/ja054797b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of a new family of phosphorus dendrimers built from an octasubstituted metal-free phthalocyanine core is described up to generation 5. This core is used as a sensor and a probe for analyzing the properties of the internal structure and the influence of each structural part (core, branches, surface) upon the whole structure. UV-visible spectra show both a hyperchromic and bathochromic effect on the Q-bands with increasing generation, indicating that the chromophore is more isolated, and that the dendritic shell mimics a highly polar solvent. There is no evidence for aggregation, except for generation 0, showing again the isolation of the core. However, the dendritic shell is permeable to aqueous acids and bases, as demonstrated by the reversible splitting of the Q-band in an acidic medium (neutral form of the phthalocyanine) and the single Q-band in a basic medium (dianionic form), even for generation 4. The fluorescence quantum yield for the neutral form increases with increasing generation. The dianionic form of generation 0 is poorly fluorescent, whereas generations 3 and 4 (G3 and G4) exhibit better fluorescence. The cores of G3 and G4 are highly sensitive optical sensors for H3O+ and OH-. These experiments are carried out in THF/water mixtures, and the influence of water on the structure has been checked. The hydrodynamic radius of generation 4 is measured by NMR diffusion (pulse gradient spin-echo) experiments. R(H) varies from 35.4 A at 4 mol % of water to 32.5 A at 64 mol % of water in THF, indicating the hydrophobic nature of these dendrimers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Leclaire
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
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14
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Stone DL, Smith DK, Whitwood AC. Copper amino-acid complexes – towards encapsulated metal centres. Polyhedron 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2004.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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16
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Cheuk KKL, Lam JWY, Chen J, Lai LM, Tang BZ. Amino Acid-Containing Polyacetylenes: Synthesis, Hydrogen Bonding, Chirality Transcription, and Chain Helicity of Amphiphilic Poly(phenylacetylene)s Carrying l-Leucine Pendants. Macromolecules 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/ma0344543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin K. L. Cheuk
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, and Open Laboratory of Chirotechnology of the Institute of Molecular Technology for Drug Discovery and Synthesis, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jacky W. Y. Lam
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, and Open Laboratory of Chirotechnology of the Institute of Molecular Technology for Drug Discovery and Synthesis, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Junwu Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, and Open Laboratory of Chirotechnology of the Institute of Molecular Technology for Drug Discovery and Synthesis, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lo Ming Lai
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, and Open Laboratory of Chirotechnology of the Institute of Molecular Technology for Drug Discovery and Synthesis, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, and Open Laboratory of Chirotechnology of the Institute of Molecular Technology for Drug Discovery and Synthesis, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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17
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Synthesis and properties of polyaromatic dendrimers possessing a repetitive amide–ester coupling sequence. Tetrahedron 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(03)00466-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Bosman AW, Vestberg R, Heumann A, Fréchet JMJ, Hawker CJ. A modular approach toward functionalized three-dimensional macromolecules: from synthetic concepts to practical applications. J Am Chem Soc 2003; 125:715-28. [PMID: 12526671 DOI: 10.1021/ja028392s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 294] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A new strategy for the preparation of functional, multiarm star polymers via nitroxide-mediated "living" radical polymerization has been explored. The generality of this approach to the synthesis of three-dimensional macromolecular architectures allows for the construction of nanoscopically defined materials from a wide range of different homo, block, and random copolymers combining both apolar and polar vinylic repeat units. Functional groups can also be included along the backbone or as peripheral/chain end groups, thereby modulating the reactivity and polarity of defined portions of the stars. This modular approach to the synthesis of three-dimensional macromolecules permits the application of these tailored materials as multifunctional hosts for hydrogen bonding, nanoparticle formation, and as scaffolds for catalytic groups. Examples of applications of the functional stars in catalysis include their use in a Heck-type coupling as well as an enantioselective addition reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton W Bosman
- IBM Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California 95120, USA
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19
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Stone DL, Dykes GM, Smith DK. Dendritic lanthanide complexes and the effect of Lewis-acid encapsulation. Dalton Trans 2003. [DOI: 10.1039/b309643b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Vicinelli V, Ceroni P, Maestri M, Balzani V, Gorka M, Vögtle F. Luminescent lanthanide ions hosted in a fluorescent polylysin dendrimer. Antenna-like sensitization of visible and near-infrared emission. J Am Chem Soc 2002; 124:6461-8. [PMID: 12033877 DOI: 10.1021/ja017672p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated the complexation of the luminescent Nd(3+), Eu(3+), Gd(3+), Tb(3+), Er(3+), and Yb(3+) ions by a polylysin dendrimer containing 21 amide groups in the interior and, in the periphery, 24 chromophoric dansyl units which show an intense fluorescence band in the visible region. Most of the experiments were performed in 5:1 acetonitrile/dichloromethane solution at 298 K. On addition of the lanthanide ions to dendrimer solutions, the fluorescence of the dansyl units is quenched; in Nd(3+), Er(3+), and Yb(3+), a sensitized near-infrared emission of the lanthanide ion is observed. At low metal ion concentrations, each dendrimer hosts only one metal ion and when the hosted metal ion is Nd(3+) or Eu(3+), the fluorescence of all the 24 dansyl units of the dendrimer is quenched with unitary efficiency. Quantitative measurements were performed in a variety of experimental conditions, including protonation of the dansyl units and measurements in rigid matrix at 77 K where a sensitized Eu(3+) emission could also be observed. The results obtained have been interpreted on the basis of the energy levels and redox potentials of dendrimer and metal ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Vicinelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica G. Ciamician, Università di Bologna, via Selmi 2, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
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Harth EM, Hecht S, Helms B, Malmstrom EE, Fréchet JMJ, Hawker CJ. The effect of macromolecular architecture in nanomaterials: a comparison of site isolation in porphyrin core dendrimers and their isomeric linear analogues. J Am Chem Soc 2002; 124:3926-38. [PMID: 11942830 DOI: 10.1021/ja025536u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The influence of macromolecular architecture on the physical properties of polymeric materials has been studied by comparing poly(benzyl ether) dendrons with their exact linear analogues. The results clearly confirm the anticipation that dendrimers are unique when compared to other architectures. Physical properties, from hydrodynamic volume to crystallinity, were shown to be different, and in a comparative study of core encapsulation in macromolecules of different architecture, energy transduction from the polymer backbone to a porphyrin core was shown to be different for dendrimers as compared to that of isomeric four- or eight-arm star polymers. Fluorescence excitation revealed strong, morphology dependent intramolecular energy transfer in the three macromolecular isomers investigated. Even at high generations, the dendrimers exhibited the most efficient energy transfer, thereby indicating that the dendritic architecture affords superior site isolation to the central porphyrin it surrounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva M Harth
- Contribution from the IBM Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California 95120, USA
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22
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Rio Y, Accorsi G, Nierengarten H, Rehspringer JL, Hönerlage B, Kopitkovas G, Chugreev A, Dorsselaer AV, Armaroli N, Nierengarten JF. Fullerodendrimers with peripheral triethyleneglycol chains: synthesis, mass spectrometric characterization, and photophysical properties. NEW J CHEM 2002. [DOI: 10.1039/b203272b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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23
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Balzani V, Ceroni P, Gestermann S, Gorka M, Kauffmann C, Vögtle F. Fluorescent guests hosted in fluorescent dendrimers. Tetrahedron 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)01094-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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24
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Grayson SM, Fréchet JM. Convergent dendrons and dendrimers: from synthesis to applications. Chem Rev 2001; 101:3819-68. [PMID: 11740922 DOI: 10.1021/cr990116h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1173] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S M Grayson
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1460, USA
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25
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Dykes GM, Brierley LJ, Smith DK, McGrail PT, Seeley GJ. Supramolecular solubilisation of hydrophilic dyes by using individual dendritic branches. Chemistry 2001; 7:4730-9. [PMID: 11757666 DOI: 10.1002/1521-3765(20011105)7:21<4730::aid-chem4730>3.0.co;2-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Individual dendritic branches can solubilise hydrophilic dyes in apolar media. The functional group at the focal point of the dendritic branch plays a key role in the dye uptake process. Supramolecular interactions between carboxylic acid and amine groups have been shown to be effective in enabling efficient solubilisation to occur. The necessary complementarity of this interaction is further illustrated by a series of control experiments. The extent of dendritic branching (i.e. dendritic generation) plays a key role in controlling the extent of dye uptake, with higher-generation dendritic branches exhibiting more efficient uptake at lower concentrations. UV/Visible spectroscopic methods have shown that the dendritic branches, in addition to the tuning of the extent of dye uptake, also tune the optical properties of the solubilised dye and this provides further insight into the interactions occurring between the solubilised dye and the individual dendritic branches. Furthermore, it is shown that suitably functionalised dendritic branches can transport hydrophilic dyes through an apolar phase and deliver them continuously into an aqueous medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Dykes
- Department of Chemistry, University of York Heslington, UK.
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26
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Díez-Barra E, García-Martínez JC, Merino S, del Rey R, Rodríguez-López J, Sánchez-Verdú P, Tejeda J. Synthesis, characterization, and optical response of dipolar and non-dipolar poly(phenylenevinylene) dendrimers. J Org Chem 2001; 66:5664-70. [PMID: 11511237 DOI: 10.1021/jo015764r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
New dipolar and non-dipolar poly(phenylenevinylene) dendrimers bearing electron-donating and electron-withdrawing groups have been efficiently synthesized using Heck and Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons reactions. The photoluminescence of these systems may be tuned in the blue zone by choosing the appropriate peripheral groups. Despite the meta-substitution pattern, large Stokes shifts can be observed when pi-donor and pi-acceptor groups are connected by a m-phenylenevinylene system.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Díez-Barra
- Facultad de Química, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071-Ciudad Real, Spain.
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27
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Bronk K, Thayumanavan S. Design and synthesis of nonconjugated monodendrons with triarylamine repeating units. Org Lett 2001; 3:2057-60. [PMID: 11418048 DOI: 10.1021/ol0160203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
[structure: see text] Design and synthesis of new monodendrons with triarylamine repeating units, which are potentially useful in charge transport applications, are described. The triarylamines are connected through a nonconjugated linkage to facilitate independent electronic tuning of the monomer units.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Bronk
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, USA
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28
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Levitus M, Schmieder K, Ricks H, Shimizu KD, Bunz UH, Garcia-Garibay MA. Steps to demarcate the effects of chromophore aggregation and planarization in poly(phenyleneethynylene)s. 1. Rotationally interrupted conjugation in the excited states of 1,4-bis(phenylethynyl)benzene. J Am Chem Soc 2001; 123:4259-65. [PMID: 11457192 DOI: 10.1021/ja003959v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 319] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of photophysical measurements and semiempirical calculations were carried out with 1,4-bis(phenylethynyl)benzene in search of evidence on the effects of phenyl group rotation and chromophore aggregation of oligo- and poly(phenyleneethynylene)s. It is suggested that planarization gives rise to relatively modest shifts of ca. 20-30 nm, which preserve the vibronic structure of the monomer and retain a high emission quantum yield. In contrast, it is proposed that aggregation gives rise to larger shifts and loss of vibronic structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Levitus
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, USA
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29
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Abstract
Two series of dendritically modified tryptophan derivatives have been synthesised and their emission spectra measured in a range of different solvents. This paper presents the syntheses of these novel dendritic structures and discusses their emission spectra in terms of both solvent and dendritic effects. In the first series of dendrimers, the NH group of the indole ring is available for hydrogen bonding, whilst in the second series, the indole NH group has been converted to NMe. Direct comparison of the emission wavelengths of analogous NH and NMe derivatives indicates the importance of the Kamlet-Taft solvent beta3 parameter, which reflects the ability of the solvent to accept a hydrogen bond from the NH group, an effect not possible for the NMe series of dendrimers. For the NH dendrimers, the attachment of a dendritic shell to the tryptophan subunit leads to a red shift in emission wavelength. This dendritic effect only operates in non-hydrogen-bonding solvents. For the NMe dendrimers, however, the attachment of a dendritic shell has no effect on the emission spectra of the indole ring. This proves the importance of hydrogen bonding between the branched shell and the indole NH group in causing the dendritic effect. This is the first time a dendritic effect has been unambiguously assigned to individual hydrogen-bonding interactions and indicates that such intramolecular interactions are important in dendrimers, just as they are in proteins. Furthermore, this paper sheds light on the use of tryptophan residues as a probe of the microenvironment within proteins--in particular, it stresses the importance of hydrogen bonds formed by the indole NH group.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Koenig
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, UK
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30
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Percec V, Cho WD, Ungar G, Yeardley DJP. Synthesis and Structural Analysis of Two Constitutional Isomeric Libraries of AB2-Based Monodendrons and Supramolecular Dendrimers. J Am Chem Soc 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/ja0037771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 267] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Virgil Percec
- Contribution from the Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, and Department of Engineering Materials and Center for Molecular Materials, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, U.K
| | - Wook-Dong Cho
- Contribution from the Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, and Department of Engineering Materials and Center for Molecular Materials, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, U.K
| | - Goran Ungar
- Contribution from the Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, and Department of Engineering Materials and Center for Molecular Materials, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, U.K
| | - Duncan J. P. Yeardley
- Contribution from the Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, and Department of Engineering Materials and Center for Molecular Materials, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, U.K
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31
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Hecht S, Fréchet JMJ. Dendritisch eingeschlossene aktive Zentren: Anwendung des Isolationsprinzips der Natur in der Biomimetik und den Materialwissenschaften. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-3757(20010105)113:1<76::aid-ange76>3.0.co;2-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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32
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Hecht S, Fréchet JMJ. Dendritic Encapsulation of Function: Applying Nature's Site Isolation Principle from Biomimetics to Materials Science. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2001; 40:74-91. [PMID: 11169692 DOI: 10.1002/1521-3773(20010105)40:1<74::aid-anie74>3.0.co;2-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 754] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The convergence of our understanding of structure-property relationships for selected biological macromolecules and our increased ability to prepare large synthetic macromolecules with a structural precision that approaches that of proteins have spawned a new area of research where chemistry and materials science join with biology. While evolution has enabled nature to perfect processes involving energy transfer or catalysis by incorporating functions such as self-replication and repair, synthetic macromolecules still depend on our synthetic skills and abilities to mesh structure and function in our designs. Clearly, we can take advantage of our understanding of natural systems to mimic the structural features that lead to optimized function. For example, numerous biological systems make use of the concept of site isolation whereby an active center or catalytic site is encapsulated, frequently within a protein, to afford properties that would not be encountered in the bulk state. The ability of the dendritic shell to encapsulate functional core moieties and to create specific site-isolated nanoenvironments, and thereby affect molecular properties, has been explored. By utilizing the distinct properties of the dendrimer architecture active sites that have either photophysical, photochemical, electrochemical, or catalytic functions have been placed at the core. Applying the general concept of site isolation to problems in materials research is likely to prove extremely fruitful in the long term, with short-term applications in areas such as the construction of improved optoelectronic devices. This review focuses on the evolution of a natural design principle that contributes to bridging the gap between biology and materials science. The recent progress in the synthesis of dendrimer-encapsulated molecules and their study by a variety of techniques is discussed. These investigations have implications that range from the preliminary design of artificial enzymes, catalysts, or light-harvesting systems to the construction of insulated molecular wires, light-emitting diodes, and fiber optics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Hecht
- Department of Chemistry University of California Berkeley, CA 94720-1460 (USA)
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33
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Hecht S, Fréchet JMJ. Dendritic Encapsulation of Function: Applying Nature's Site Isolation Principle from Biomimetics to Materials Science. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-3773(20010105)40:1%3c74::aid-anie74%3e3.0.co%3b2-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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34
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Hecht S, Fréchet JMJ. Dendritic Encapsulation of Function: Applying Nature's Site Isolation Principle from Biomimetics to Materials Science. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-3773(20010105)40:1%3c74::aid-anie74%3e3.0.co;2-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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35
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Abstract
Several molecular structure-property relationships are presented and compared to illustrate our current understanding of macromolecular encapsulation using dendrimers. Specifically, the effect that dendrimer architectures have on encapsulating photoactive and redox-active units fixed at the molecular core is considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- C B Gorman
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Box 8204, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, USA.
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36
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Zhu A, Bharathi P, Drickamer HG, Moore JS. Effect of pressure on the luminescence of a series of methoxy phenylacetylene dendrimers neat and in dilute solution in solid poly(tert-butyl methacrylate). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.1265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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37
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Vögtle F, Gestermann S, Kauffmann C, Ceroni P, Vicinelli V, Balzani V. Coordination of Co2+ Ions in the Interior of Poly(propylene amine) Dendrimers Containing Fluorescent Dansyl Units in the Periphery. J Am Chem Soc 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/ja993745h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fritz Vögtle
- Contribution from the Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie der Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk Strasse 1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany, and Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, Università di Bologna, via Selmi 2, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Sven Gestermann
- Contribution from the Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie der Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk Strasse 1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany, and Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, Università di Bologna, via Selmi 2, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Christopher Kauffmann
- Contribution from the Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie der Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk Strasse 1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany, and Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, Università di Bologna, via Selmi 2, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Paola Ceroni
- Contribution from the Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie der Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk Strasse 1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany, and Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, Università di Bologna, via Selmi 2, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Veronica Vicinelli
- Contribution from the Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie der Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk Strasse 1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany, and Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, Università di Bologna, via Selmi 2, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Balzani
- Contribution from the Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie der Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk Strasse 1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany, and Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, Università di Bologna, via Selmi 2, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
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38
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Trollsås M, Atthof B, Würsch A, Hedrick JL, Pople JA, Gast AP. Constitutional Isomers of Dendrimer-like Star Polymers: Design, Synthesis, and Conformational and Structural Properties. Macromolecules 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/ma000321v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mikael Trollsås
- IBM Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California 95120
| | - Björn Atthof
- IBM Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California 95120
| | - Andreas Würsch
- IBM Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California 95120
| | - James L. Hedrick
- IBM Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California 95120
| | - John A. Pople
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, PO Box 4349, Stanford, California 94309
| | - Alice P. Gast
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305
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39
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Mulla HR, Cammers-Goodwin A. Stability of a Minimalist, Aromatic Cluster in Aqueous Mixtures of Fluoro Alcohol. J Am Chem Soc 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/ja993363b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hormuzd R. Mulla
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Membrane Sciences University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055
| | - Arthur Cammers-Goodwin
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Membrane Sciences University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055
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40
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Gorman C, Smith J. Effect of repeat unit flexibility on dendrimer conformation as studied by atomistic molecular dynamics simulations. POLYMER 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-3861(99)00167-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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41
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Supramolecular Dendrimer Chemistry: A Journey Through the Branched Architecture. DENDRIMERS II 2000. [DOI: 10.1007/3-540-46577-4_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
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42
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Vögtle F, Gestermann S, Kauffmann C, Ceroni P, Vicinelli V, De Cola L, Balzani V. Poly(Propylene Amine) Dendrimers with Peripheral Dansyl Units: Protonation, Absorption Spectra, Photophysical Properties, Intradendrimer Quenching, and Sensitization Processes. J Am Chem Soc 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/ja992942d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fritz Vögtle
- Contribution from the Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie der Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk Strasse 1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany, and Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, Università di Bologna, via Selmi 2, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Sven Gestermann
- Contribution from the Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie der Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk Strasse 1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany, and Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, Università di Bologna, via Selmi 2, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Christopher Kauffmann
- Contribution from the Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie der Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk Strasse 1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany, and Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, Università di Bologna, via Selmi 2, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Paola Ceroni
- Contribution from the Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie der Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk Strasse 1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany, and Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, Università di Bologna, via Selmi 2, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Veronica Vicinelli
- Contribution from the Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie der Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk Strasse 1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany, and Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, Università di Bologna, via Selmi 2, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Luisa De Cola
- Contribution from the Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie der Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk Strasse 1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany, and Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, Università di Bologna, via Selmi 2, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Balzani
- Contribution from the Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie der Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk Strasse 1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany, and Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, Università di Bologna, via Selmi 2, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
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43
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Bosman AW, Janssen HM, Meijer EW. About Dendrimers: Structure, Physical Properties, and Applications. Chem Rev 1999; 99:1665-1688. [PMID: 11849007 DOI: 10.1021/cr970069y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1696] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. W. Bosman
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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44
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter F. H. Schwab
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215, and Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-0850
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45
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Vögtle F, Plevoets M, Nieger M, Azzellini GC, Credi A, De Cola L, De Marchis V, Venturi M, Balzani V. Dendrimers with a Photoactive and Redox-Active [Ru(bpy)3]2+-Type Core: Photophysical Properties, Electrochemical Behavior, and Excited-State Electron-Transfer Reactions. J Am Chem Soc 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/ja990430t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fritz Vögtle
- Contribution from the Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie and the Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk Strasse 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany, and Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, Università di Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marcus Plevoets
- Contribution from the Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie and the Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk Strasse 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany, and Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, Università di Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Martin Nieger
- Contribution from the Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie and the Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk Strasse 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany, and Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, Università di Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Gianluca C. Azzellini
- Contribution from the Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie and the Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk Strasse 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany, and Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, Università di Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alberto Credi
- Contribution from the Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie and the Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk Strasse 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany, and Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, Università di Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Luisa De Cola
- Contribution from the Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie and the Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk Strasse 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany, and Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, Università di Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Valeria De Marchis
- Contribution from the Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie and the Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk Strasse 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany, and Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, Università di Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Margherita Venturi
- Contribution from the Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie and the Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk Strasse 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany, and Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, Università di Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Balzani
- Contribution from the Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie and the Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk Strasse 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany, and Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, Università di Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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46
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Devadoss C, Bharathi P, Moore JS. Photoinduced Electron Transfer in Dendritic Macromolecules. 1. Intermolecular Electron Transfer. Macromolecules 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/ma980225i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chelladurai Devadoss
- Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Materials Science & Engineering, and the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - P. Bharathi
- Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Materials Science & Engineering, and the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Jeffrey S. Moore
- Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Materials Science & Engineering, and the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801
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Percec V, Cho WD, Mosier PE, Ungar G, Yeardley DJP. Structural Analysis of Cylindrical and Spherical Supramolecular Dendrimers Quantifies the Concept of Monodendron Shape Control by Generation Number. J Am Chem Soc 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/ja9819007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V. Percec
- Contribution from The W. M. Keck Laboratories for Organic Synthesis, Department of Macromolecular Science, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-7202, and Department of Engineering Materials and Center for Molecular Materials, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, U.K
| | - W.-D. Cho
- Contribution from The W. M. Keck Laboratories for Organic Synthesis, Department of Macromolecular Science, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-7202, and Department of Engineering Materials and Center for Molecular Materials, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, U.K
| | - P. E. Mosier
- Contribution from The W. M. Keck Laboratories for Organic Synthesis, Department of Macromolecular Science, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-7202, and Department of Engineering Materials and Center for Molecular Materials, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, U.K
| | - G. Ungar
- Contribution from The W. M. Keck Laboratories for Organic Synthesis, Department of Macromolecular Science, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-7202, and Department of Engineering Materials and Center for Molecular Materials, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, U.K
| | - D. J. P. Yeardley
- Contribution from The W. M. Keck Laboratories for Organic Synthesis, Department of Macromolecular Science, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-7202, and Department of Engineering Materials and Center for Molecular Materials, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, U.K
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Chow HF, Mong TKK, Nongrum MF, Wan CW. The synthesis and properties of novel functional dendritic molecules. Tetrahedron 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(98)00409-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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49
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Bell JR, Muthyala RS, Larsen RW, Alam M, Liu RSH. Photoactivities of the Red-Shifted Azulenic Bacteriorhodopsin Analogues. J Phys Chem A 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/jp980045a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James R. Bell
- Departments of Chemistry and Microbiology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822
| | - Rajeev S. Muthyala
- Departments of Chemistry and Microbiology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822
| | - Randy W. Larsen
- Departments of Chemistry and Microbiology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822
| | - Maqsudul Alam
- Departments of Chemistry and Microbiology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822
| | - Robert S. H. Liu
- Departments of Chemistry and Microbiology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822
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50
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De Backer S, Prinzie Y, Verheijen W, Smet M, Desmedt K, Dehaen W, De Schryver FC. Solvent Dependence of the Hydrodynamical Volume of Dendrimers with a Rubicene Core. J Phys Chem A 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/jp9734336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. De Backer
- Department of Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 F, 3001 Leuven (Heverlee), Belgium
| | - Y. Prinzie
- Department of Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 F, 3001 Leuven (Heverlee), Belgium
| | - W. Verheijen
- Department of Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 F, 3001 Leuven (Heverlee), Belgium
| | - M. Smet
- Department of Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 F, 3001 Leuven (Heverlee), Belgium
| | - K. Desmedt
- Department of Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 F, 3001 Leuven (Heverlee), Belgium
| | - W. Dehaen
- Department of Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 F, 3001 Leuven (Heverlee), Belgium
| | - F. C. De Schryver
- Department of Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 F, 3001 Leuven (Heverlee), Belgium
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