1
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Jung E, Kraimps A, Dittmann S, Griesser T, Costafrolaz J, Mattenberger Y, Jurt S, Viollier PH, Sander P, Sievers S, Gademann K. Phenolic Substitution in Fidaxomicin: A Semisynthetic Approach to Antibiotic Activity Across Species. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202300570. [PMID: 37728121 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Fidaxomicin (Fdx) is a natural product antibiotic with potent activity against Clostridioides difficile and other Gram-positive bacteria such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Only a few Fdx derivatives have been synthesized and examined for their biological activity in the 50 years since its discovery. Fdx has a well-studied mechanism of action, namely inhibition of the bacterial RNA polymerase. Yet, the targeted organisms harbor different target protein sequences, which poses a challenge for the rational development of new semisynthetic Fdx derivatives. We introduced substituents on the two phenolic hydroxy groups of Fdx and evaluated the resulting trends in antibiotic activity against M. tuberculosis, C. difficile, and the Gram-negative model organism Caulobacter crescentus. As suggested by the target protein structures, we identified the preferable derivatisation site for each organism. The derivative ortho-methyl Fdx also exhibited activity against the Gram-negative C. crescentus wild type, a first for fidaxomicin antibiotics. These insights will guide the synthesis of next-generation fidaxomicin antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Jung
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Anastassia Kraimps
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Dittmann
- Department of Microbial Physiology and Molecular Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Center for Functional Genomics of Microbes, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Tizian Griesser
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jordan Costafrolaz
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Yves Mattenberger
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Simon Jurt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Patrick H Viollier
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Peter Sander
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Susanne Sievers
- Department of Microbial Physiology and Molecular Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Center for Functional Genomics of Microbes, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Karl Gademann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland
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2
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Wang L, Zhu M, Zhang Q, Zhai S, Zhu Y, Zhang H, Zhang C. Biosynthetic Diversification of Fidaxomicin Aglycones by Heterologous Expression and Promoter Refactoring. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2023; 86:986-993. [PMID: 37042607 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.3c00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Fidaxomicin (Dificid) is a commercial macrolide antibiotic for treating Clostridium difficile infection. Total synthesis of fidaxomicin and its aglycone had been achieved through different synthetic schemes. In this study, an alternative biological route to afford the unique 18-membered macrolactone aglycone of fidaxomicin was developed. The promoter refactored fidaxomicin biosynthetic gene cluster from Dactylosporangium aurantiacum was expressed in the commonly used host Streptomyces albus J1074, thereby delivering five structurally diverse fidaxomicin aglycones with the corresponding titers ranging from 4.9 to 15.0 mg L-1. In general, these results validated a biological strategy to construct and diversify fidaxomicin aglycones on the basis of promoter refactoring and heterologous expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bioresources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengyi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bioresources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingbo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bioresources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, People's Republic of China
- Sanya Institute of Ocean Eco-Environmental Engineering, Yazhou Scientific Bay, Sanya 572000, People's Republic of China
| | - Shilan Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bioresources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiguang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bioresources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, People's Republic of China
- Sanya Institute of Ocean Eco-Environmental Engineering, Yazhou Scientific Bay, Sanya 572000, People's Republic of China
| | - Haibo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bioresources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, People's Republic of China
- Sanya Institute of Ocean Eco-Environmental Engineering, Yazhou Scientific Bay, Sanya 572000, People's Republic of China
| | - Changsheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bioresources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, People's Republic of China
- Sanya Institute of Ocean Eco-Environmental Engineering, Yazhou Scientific Bay, Sanya 572000, People's Republic of China
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3
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Gribble GW. Naturally Occurring Organohalogen Compounds-A Comprehensive Review. PROGRESS IN THE CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC NATURAL PRODUCTS 2023; 121:1-546. [PMID: 37488466 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-26629-4_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
The present volume is the third in a trilogy that documents naturally occurring organohalogen compounds, bringing the total number-from fewer than 25 in 1968-to approximately 8000 compounds to date. Nearly all of these natural products contain chlorine or bromine, with a few containing iodine and, fewer still, fluorine. Produced by ubiquitous marine (algae, sponges, corals, bryozoa, nudibranchs, fungi, bacteria) and terrestrial organisms (plants, fungi, bacteria, insects, higher animals) and universal abiotic processes (volcanos, forest fires, geothermal events), organohalogens pervade the global ecosystem. Newly identified extraterrestrial sources are also documented. In addition to chemical structures, biological activity, biohalogenation, biodegradation, natural function, and future outlook are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon W Gribble
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA.
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4
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5
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De Simeis D, Serra S. Actinomycetes: A Never-Ending Source of Bioactive Compounds-An Overview on Antibiotics Production. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10050483. [PMID: 33922100 PMCID: PMC8143475 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10050483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of penicillin by Sir Alexander Fleming in 1928 provided us with access to a new class of compounds useful at fighting bacterial infections: antibiotics. Ever since, a number of studies were carried out to find new molecules with the same activity. Microorganisms belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, the Actinomycetes, were the most important sources of antibiotics. Bioactive compounds isolated from this order were also an important inspiration reservoir for pharmaceutical chemists who realized the synthesis of new molecules with antibiotic activity. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), antibiotic resistance is currently one of the biggest threats to global health, food security, and development. The world urgently needs to adopt measures to reduce this risk by finding new antibiotics and changing the way they are used. In this review, we describe the primary role of Actinomycetes in the history of antibiotics. Antibiotics produced by these microorganisms, their bioactivities, and how their chemical structures have inspired generations of scientists working in the synthesis of new drugs are described thoroughly.
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6
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Tresse C, François-Heude M, Servajean V, Ravinder R, Lesieur C, Geiben L, Jeanne-Julien L, Steinmetz V, Retailleau P, Roulland E, Beau JM, Norsikian S. Total Synthesis of Tiacumicin B: Study of the Challenging β-Selective Glycosylations*. Chemistry 2021; 27:5230-5239. [PMID: 33433914 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202005102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We give a full account of the total synthesis of tiacumicin B (Tcn-B), a natural glycosylated macrolide with remarkable antibiotic properties. Our strategy is based on our experience with the synthesis of the tiacumicin B aglycone and on unique 1,2-cis-glycosylation steps. We used sulfoxide anomeric leaving-groups in combination with a remote 3-O-picoloyl group on the donors that allowed highly β-selective rhamnosylation and noviosylation that rely on H-bond-mediated aglycone delivery. The rhamnosylated C1-C3 fragment was anchored to the C4-C19 aglycone fragment by a Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling. Ring-size-selective Shiina macrolactonization provided a semiglycosylated aglycone that was engaged directly in the noviolysation step with a virtually total β-selectivity. Finally, a novel deprotection method was devised for the removal of a 2-naphthylmethyl ether on a phenol, and efficient removal of all the protecting groups provided synthetic tiacumicin B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cédric Tresse
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301, CNRS Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Marc François-Heude
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301, CNRS Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Vincent Servajean
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301, CNRS Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Rubal Ravinder
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301, CNRS Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Clémence Lesieur
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301, CNRS Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Lucie Geiben
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301, CNRS Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Louis Jeanne-Julien
- C-Tac, CitCom, UMR 8038, Faculté de Pharmacie, CNRS-Université de Paris, avenue de l'Observatoire 4, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Steinmetz
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301, CNRS Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Pascal Retailleau
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301, CNRS Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Emmanuel Roulland
- C-Tac, CitCom, UMR 8038, Faculté de Pharmacie, CNRS-Université de Paris, avenue de l'Observatoire 4, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Marie Beau
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301, CNRS Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.,Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO), UMR 8182, Univ. Paris-Sud and CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Stéphanie Norsikian
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301, CNRS Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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7
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Dorst A, Berg R, Gertzen CGW, Schäfle D, Zerbe K, Gwerder M, Schnell SD, Sander P, Gohlke H, Gademann K. Semisynthetic Analogs of the Antibiotic Fidaxomicin-Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation. ACS Med Chem Lett 2020; 11:2414-2420. [PMID: 33329763 PMCID: PMC7734799 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.0c00381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The glycoslated macrocyclic antibiotic fidaxomicin (1, tiacumicin B, lipiarmycin A3) displays good to excellent activity against Gram-positive bacteria and was approved for the treatment of Clostridium difficile infections (CDI). Among the main limitations for this compound, its low water solubility impacts further clinical uses. We report on the synthesis of new fidaxomicin derivatives based on structural design and utilizing an operationally simple one-step protecting group-free preparative approach from the natural product. An increase in solubility of up to 25-fold with largely retained activity was observed. Furthermore, hybrid antibiotics were prepared that show improved antibiotic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Dorst
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Regina Berg
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Christoph G. W. Gertzen
- Institute
for Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf
and John von Neumann Institute for Computing (NIC), Institute of Biological
Information Processing (IBI-7: Structural Biochemistry) & Jülich
Supercomputing Centre (JSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Daniel Schäfle
- Institute
of Medical Microbiology, University of Zurich, Gloriastrasse 28/30, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Katja Zerbe
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Myriam Gwerder
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Simon D. Schnell
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Peter Sander
- Institute
of Medical Microbiology, University of Zurich, Gloriastrasse 28/30, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland
- National
Center for Mycobacteria, University of Zurich, Gloriastrasse 28/30, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Holger Gohlke
- Institute
for Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf
and John von Neumann Institute for Computing (NIC), Institute of Biological
Information Processing (IBI-7: Structural Biochemistry) & Jülich
Supercomputing Centre (JSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Karl Gademann
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
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8
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A convergent approach toward fidaxomicin: Syntheses of the fully glycosylated northern and southern fragments. Tetrahedron 2020; 79. [PMID: 33191957 DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2020.131673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Efficient approaches that enable the synthesis of analogs of natural product antibiotics are needed to keep up with the emergence of multiply-resistant strains of pathogenic organisms. One promising candidate in this area is fidaxomicin, which boasts impressive in vitro anti-tubercular activity but has poor systemic bioavailability. We designed a flexible synthetic route to this target to enable the exploration of new chemical space and the future development of analogs with superior pharmacokinetics. We developed a robust approach to each of the key macrocyclic and sugar fragments, their union via stereoselective glycosylation, and a convergent late-stage macrolide formation with fully glycosylated fragments. Although we were able to demonstrate that the final Suzuki cross-coupling and ring-closing metathesis steps enabled macrocycle formation in the presence of the northern resorcylic rhamnoside and southern novioside sugars, these final steps were hampered by poor yields and the formation of the unwanted Z-macrocycle as the major stereoisomer.
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9
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Sole R, Scrivanti A, Bertoldini M, Beghetto V, Alam MM. The alkoxycarbonylation of protected propargyl alcohols. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2020.111179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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10
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Dorst A, Shchelik IS, Schäfle D, Sander P, Gademann K. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Iodinated Fidaxomicin Antibiotics. Helv Chim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.202000130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Dorst
- Department of Chemistry University of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190 CH-8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Inga S. Shchelik
- Department of Chemistry University of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190 CH-8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Daniel Schäfle
- Institute of Medical Microbiology University of Zurich Gloriastrasse 28/30 CH-8006 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Peter Sander
- Institute of Medical Microbiology University of Zurich Gloriastrasse 28/30 CH-8006 Zurich Switzerland
- National Center for Mycobacteria University of Zurich Gloriastrasse 28/30 CH-8006 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Karl Gademann
- Department of Chemistry University of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190 CH-8057 Zurich Switzerland
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11
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Hess
- Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen Institut für Organische Chemie Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Martin E. Maier
- Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen Institut für Organische Chemie Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
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12
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Dorst A, Gademann K. Chemistry and Biology of the Clinically Used Macrolactone Antibiotic Fidaxomicin. Helv Chim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.202000038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Dorst
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190 CH-8057 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Karl Gademann
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190 CH-8057 Zürich Switzerland
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13
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Norsikian S, Tresse C, François-Eude M, Jeanne-Julien L, Masson G, Servajean V, Genta-Jouve G, Beau JM, Roulland E. Total Synthesis of Tiacumicin B: Implementing Hydrogen Bond Directed Acceptor Delivery for Highly Selective β-Glycosylations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:6612-6616. [PMID: 32003915 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202000231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A total synthesis of tiacumicin B, a natural macrolide whose remarkable antibiotic properties are used to treat severe intestinal infections, is reported. The strategy is in part based on the prior synthesis of the tiacumicin B aglycone, and on the decisive use of sulfoxides as anomeric leaving groups in hydrogen-bond-mediated aglycone delivery (HAD). This new HAD variant permitted highly β-selective rhamnosylation and noviosylation. To increase convergence, the rhamnosylated C1-C3 fragment thus obtained was anchored to the C4-C19 aglycone fragment by adapting the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling used for the aglycone synthesis. Ring-size-selective macrolactonization provided a compound engaged directly in the noviolysation step with virtually total β selectivity. The final efficient removal of all the protecting groups provided synthetic tiacumicin B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Norsikian
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Cedric Tresse
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Marc François-Eude
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Louis Jeanne-Julien
- C-TAC, CitCom, UMR 8038, CNRS-Université de Paris, Faculté de Pharmacie, 4, avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Masson
- C-TAC, CitCom, UMR 8038, CNRS-Université de Paris, Faculté de Pharmacie, 4, avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Servajean
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Grégory Genta-Jouve
- C-TAC, CitCom, UMR 8038, CNRS-Université de Paris, Faculté de Pharmacie, 4, avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Marie Beau
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.,Laboratoire de Synthèse de Biomolécules, ICMMO, UMR 8182, Univ. Paris-Sud and CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Emmanuel Roulland
- C-TAC, CitCom, UMR 8038, CNRS-Université de Paris, Faculté de Pharmacie, 4, avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006, Paris, France
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14
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Norsikian S, Tresse C, François‐Eude M, Jeanne‐Julien L, Masson G, Servajean V, Genta‐Jouve G, Beau J, Roulland E. Total Synthesis of Tiacumicin B: Implementing Hydrogen Bond Directed Acceptor Delivery for Highly Selective β‐Glycosylations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202000231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Norsikian
- Université Paris-SaclayInstitut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301 Avenue de la Terrasse 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Cedric Tresse
- Université Paris-SaclayInstitut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301 Avenue de la Terrasse 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Marc François‐Eude
- Université Paris-SaclayInstitut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301 Avenue de la Terrasse 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Louis Jeanne‐Julien
- C-TAC, CitCom, UMR 8038CNRS-Université de ParisFaculté de Pharmacie 4, avenue de l'Observatoire 75006 Paris France
| | - Guillaume Masson
- C-TAC, CitCom, UMR 8038CNRS-Université de ParisFaculté de Pharmacie 4, avenue de l'Observatoire 75006 Paris France
| | - Vincent Servajean
- Université Paris-SaclayInstitut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301 Avenue de la Terrasse 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Grégory Genta‐Jouve
- C-TAC, CitCom, UMR 8038CNRS-Université de ParisFaculté de Pharmacie 4, avenue de l'Observatoire 75006 Paris France
| | - Jean‐Marie Beau
- Université Paris-SaclayInstitut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301 Avenue de la Terrasse 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette France
- Laboratoire de Synthèse de BiomoléculesICMMO, UMR 8182Univ. Paris-Sud and CNRSUniversité Paris-Saclay 91405 Orsay France
| | - Emmanuel Roulland
- C-TAC, CitCom, UMR 8038CNRS-Université de ParisFaculté de Pharmacie 4, avenue de l'Observatoire 75006 Paris France
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15
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Hattori H, Hoff LV, Gademann K. Total Synthesis and Structural Revision of Mangrolide D. Org Lett 2019; 21:3456-3459. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b01256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiromu Hattori
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lukas V. Hoff
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Karl Gademann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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16
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Gong J, Li W, Fu P, MacMillan J, De Brabander JK. Isolation, Structure, and Total Synthesis of the Marine Macrolide Mangrolide D. Org Lett 2019; 21:2957-2961. [PMID: 30957503 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b01126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The isolation, characterization, and total synthesis of the macrocyclic polyene mangrolide D is reported. A 16-step total synthesis relies on robust Suzuki and ring-closing metathesis reactions, and an iron-catalyzed hydroazidation of an exomethylene substituted tetrahydropyran as a key step for the synthesis of the appended 4- epi-vancosamine sugar. Although mangrolide D did not display antibiotic activity, this work should prove enabling toward the synthesis of the antitubercular tiacumicins which display a virtually identical macrocyclic backbone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyu Gong
- Department of Biochemistry , University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard , Dallas , Texas 75390-9038 , United States
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Biochemistry , University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard , Dallas , Texas 75390-9038 , United States
| | - Peng Fu
- Department of Biochemistry , University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard , Dallas , Texas 75390-9038 , United States
| | - John MacMillan
- Department of Biochemistry , University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard , Dallas , Texas 75390-9038 , United States
| | - Jef K De Brabander
- Department of Biochemistry , University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard , Dallas , Texas 75390-9038 , United States
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Mantel M, Guder M, Pietruszka J. Simple organocatalysts in multi-step reactions: An efficient one-pot Morita-Baylis-Hillman-type α-hydroxymethylation of vinyl ketones followed by the convenient, temperature-controlled one-pot etherification using alcohols. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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18
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Hattori H, Roesslein J, Caspers P, Zerbe K, Miyatake-Ondozabal H, Ritz D, Rueedi G, Gademann K. Total Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of the Glycosylated Macrocyclic Antibiotic Mangrolide A. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201805770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiromu Hattori
- Department Chemistry; University of Zurich; Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Joel Roesslein
- Department Chemistry; University of Zurich; Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Patrick Caspers
- Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd; Hegenheimermattweg 91 4123 Allschwil Switzerland
| | - Katja Zerbe
- Department Chemistry; University of Zurich; Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | | | - Daniel Ritz
- Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd; Hegenheimermattweg 91 4123 Allschwil Switzerland
| | - Georg Rueedi
- Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd; Hegenheimermattweg 91 4123 Allschwil Switzerland
| | - Karl Gademann
- Department Chemistry; University of Zurich; Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zurich Switzerland
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Hattori H, Roesslein J, Caspers P, Zerbe K, Miyatake-Ondozabal H, Ritz D, Rueedi G, Gademann K. Total Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of the Glycosylated Macrocyclic Antibiotic Mangrolide A. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:11020-11024. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201805770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiromu Hattori
- Department Chemistry; University of Zurich; Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Joel Roesslein
- Department Chemistry; University of Zurich; Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Patrick Caspers
- Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd; Hegenheimermattweg 91 4123 Allschwil Switzerland
| | - Katja Zerbe
- Department Chemistry; University of Zurich; Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | | | - Daniel Ritz
- Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd; Hegenheimermattweg 91 4123 Allschwil Switzerland
| | - Georg Rueedi
- Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd; Hegenheimermattweg 91 4123 Allschwil Switzerland
| | - Karl Gademann
- Department Chemistry; University of Zurich; Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zurich Switzerland
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Zhang H, Tian X, Pu X, Zhang Q, Zhang W, Zhang C. Tiacumicin Congeners with Improved Antibacterial Activity from a Halogenase-Inactivated Mutant. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2018; 81:1219-1224. [PMID: 29676573 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.7b00990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Tiacumicin B (1, also known as fidaxomicin or difimicin) is a marketed drug for the treatment of Clostridium difficile infections. The biosynthetic pathway of 1 has been studied in Dactylosporangium aurantiacum subsp. hamdenensis NRRL 18085 and has enabled the identification of TiaM as a tailoring dihalogenase. Herein we report the isolation, structure elucidation, and bioactivity evaluation of 14 tiacumicin congeners (including 11 new ones) from the tiaM-inactivated mutant. A new tiacumicin congener, 3, with a propyl group at C-7‴ of the aromatic ring was found to exhibit improved antibacterial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 164 West Xingang Road , Guangzhou 510301 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxing Tian
- Institute of Materia Medica , Pharmaceutical College of Henan University , Kaifeng 475004 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohui Pu
- Institute of Materia Medica , Pharmaceutical College of Henan University , Kaifeng 475004 , People's Republic of China
| | - Qingbo Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 164 West Xingang Road , Guangzhou 510301 , People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 164 West Xingang Road , Guangzhou 510301 , People's Republic of China
| | - Changsheng Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 164 West Xingang Road , Guangzhou 510301 , People's Republic of China
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21
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Hattori H, Kaufmann E, Miyatake-Ondozabal H, Berg R, Gademann K. Total Synthesis of Tiacumicin A. Total Synthesis, Relay Synthesis, and Degradation Studies of Fidaxomicin (Tiacumicin B, Lipiarmycin A3). J Org Chem 2018; 83:7180-7205. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b00101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiromu Hattori
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Elias Kaufmann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Regina Berg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Karl Gademann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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22
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Jeanne-Julien L, Masson G, Astier E, Genta-Jouve G, Servajean V, Beau JM, Norsikian S, Roulland E. Study of the Construction of the Tiacumicin B Aglycone. J Org Chem 2018; 83:921-929. [PMID: 29260550 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b02909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Our study of the synthesis of the aglycone of tiacumicin B is discussed here. We imagined two possible strategies featuring a main retrosynthetic disconnection between C13 and C14. The first strategy was based on Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling of 1,1-dichloro-1-alkenes, but the failure of this pathway led us to use a Pd/Cu-dual-catalyzed cross-coupling of alkynes with allenes that had never been implemented before in a total synthesis context. We used density functional theory calculations to guide our strategic choices concerning a [2.3]-Wittig rearrangement step and the final ring-size selective Yamaguchi macrolactonization. This led to two syntheses of the aglycone of tiacumicin B, with one of last generation delivering ultimately an adequately protected and glycosylation-ready aglycone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Jeanne-Julien
- UMR 8638, CNRS/Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Pharmacie , 4, Avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Masson
- UMR 8638, CNRS/Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Pharmacie , 4, Avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Eloi Astier
- UMR 8638, CNRS/Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Pharmacie , 4, Avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Grégory Genta-Jouve
- UMR 8638, CNRS/Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Pharmacie , 4, Avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Vincent Servajean
- ICSN-CNRS Centre de Recherche de Gif, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay , Avenue de la Terrasse, F-91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Jean-Marie Beau
- ICSN-CNRS Centre de Recherche de Gif, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay , Avenue de la Terrasse, F-91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.,Laboratoire de Synthèse de Biomolécules, ICMMO, Univ. Paris-Sud and CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay , F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - Stéphanie Norsikian
- ICSN-CNRS Centre de Recherche de Gif, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay , Avenue de la Terrasse, F-91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Emmanuel Roulland
- UMR 8638, CNRS/Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Pharmacie , 4, Avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France
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23
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Scrivanti A, Beghetto V, Bertoldini M. New insights into the alkoxycarbonylation of propargyl alcohol. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2017.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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24
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Abstract
Natural products have served as powerful therapeutics against pathogenic bacteria since the golden age of antibiotics of the mid-20th century. However, the increasing frequency of antibiotic-resistant infections clearly demonstrates that new antibiotics are critical for modern medicine. Because combinatorial approaches have not yielded effective drugs, we propose that the development of new antibiotics around proven natural scaffolds is the best short-term solution to the rising crisis of antibiotic resistance. We analyze herein synthetic approaches aiming to reengineer natural products into potent antibiotics. Furthermore, we discuss approaches in modulating quorum sensing and biofilm formation as a nonlethal method, as well as narrow-spectrum pathogen-specific antibiotics, which are of interest given new insights into the implications of disrupting the microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean E. Rossiter
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Madison H. Fletcher
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 North 13th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - William M. Wuest
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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25
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Jeanne-Julien L, Masson G, Astier E, Genta-Jouve G, Servajean V, Beau JM, Norsikian S, Roulland E. Synthesis of a Tiacumicin B Protected Aglycone. Org Lett 2017; 19:4006-4009. [PMID: 28723103 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b01744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Tiacumicin B is an antibiotic endowed with the remarkable ability to interact with a new biological target, giving it an inestimable potential in the context of the ever-growing and worrisome appearance of resistances of bacteria and mycobacteria to antibiotics. The synthesis of an aglycone of tiacumicin B ready for glycosylation is reported. The key steps of this approach are a [2,3]-Wittig rearrangement, a Pd/Cu-catalyzed allene-alkyne cross-coupling, a E-selective cross-metathesis, and a final ring-size selective macrolactonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Jeanne-Julien
- C-TAC, UMR 8638, CNRS/Université Parie Descartes , 4, avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Masson
- C-TAC, UMR 8638, CNRS/Université Parie Descartes , 4, avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Eloi Astier
- C-TAC, UMR 8638, CNRS/Université Parie Descartes , 4, avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Grégory Genta-Jouve
- C-TAC, UMR 8638, CNRS/Université Parie Descartes , 4, avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Vincent Servajean
- ICSN-CNRS Centre de Recherche de Gif, Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay , Avenue de la Terrasse, F-91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Jean-Marie Beau
- ICSN-CNRS Centre de Recherche de Gif, Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay , Avenue de la Terrasse, F-91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.,Laboratoire de Synthèse de Biomolécules, ICMMO, Univ.Paris-Sud and CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay , F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - Stéphanie Norsikian
- ICSN-CNRS Centre de Recherche de Gif, Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay , Avenue de la Terrasse, F-91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Emmanuel Roulland
- C-TAC, UMR 8638, CNRS/Université Parie Descartes , 4, avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France
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26
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Kwon Y, Jung J, Kim JH, Kim WJ, Kim S. Amide Acetal in Palladium-Catalyzed Allylation with Allylic Alcohols under Neutral Conditions. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201600578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongseok Kwon
- College of Pharmacy; Seoul National University; Gwanak-ro Gwanak-gu Seoul 08826 Korea
| | - Jaehyun Jung
- College of Pharmacy; Seoul National University; Gwanak-ro Gwanak-gu Seoul 08826 Korea
| | - Jae Hyun Kim
- College of Pharmacy; Seoul National University; Gwanak-ro Gwanak-gu Seoul 08826 Korea
| | - Woo-Jung Kim
- College of Pharmacy; Seoul National University; Gwanak-ro Gwanak-gu Seoul 08826 Korea
| | - Sanghee Kim
- College of Pharmacy; Seoul National University; Gwanak-ro Gwanak-gu Seoul 08826 Korea
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Final Demonstration of the Co-Identity of Lipiarmycin A3 and Tiacumicin B (Fidaxomicin) through Single Crystal X-ray Analysis. Antibiotics (Basel) 2017; 6:antibiotics6010007. [PMID: 28208717 PMCID: PMC5372987 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics6010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 01/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipiarmycin A3 and tiacumicin B possess the same chemical structure and have been considered identical till recently, when some authors have suggested the possibility of a minor difference between the chemical structures of the two antibiotics. In this work we performed a comparative X-ray analysis of lipiarmycin A3 and tiacumicin B. Although the commercial samples of the aforementioned compounds crystallize into two different crystal systems—evidently due to the different crystallization conditions—their chemical structures are identical. These results confirmed the previous assigned chemical structure of lipiarmycin A3 and its absolute configuration as well as its co-identity with the chemical structure of tiacumicin B, providing the definitive proof that these pharmaceutical compounds are identical in all respects.
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28
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The chemistry of the carbon-transition metal double and triple bond: Annual survey covering the year 2015. Coord Chem Rev 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2016.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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29
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Griffiths JR, Keister JB, Diver ST. From Resting State to the Steady State: Mechanistic Studies of Ene-Yne Metathesis Promoted by the Hoveyda Complex. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:5380-91. [PMID: 27076098 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b01887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The kinetics of intermolecular ene-yne metathesis (EYM) with the Hoveyda precatalyst (Ru1) has been studied. For 1-hexene metathesis with 2-benzoyloxy-3-butyne, the experimental rate law was determined to be first-order in 1-hexene (0.3-4 M), first-order in initial catalyst concentration, and zero-order for the terminal alkyne. At low catalyst concentrations (0.1 mM), the rate of precatalyst initiation was observed by UV-vis and the alkyne disappearance was observed by in situ FT-IR. Comparison of the rate of precatalyst initiation and the rate of EYM shows that a low, steady-state concentration of active catalyst is rapidly produced. Application of steady-state conditions to the carbene intermediates provided a rate treatment that fit the experimental rate law. Starting from a ruthenium alkylidene complex, competition between 2-isopropoxystyrene and 1-hexene gave a mixture of 2-isopropoxyarylidene and pentylidene species, which were trappable by the Buchner reaction. By varying the relative concentration of these alkenes, 2-isopropoxystyrene was found to be 80 times more effective than 1-hexene in production of their respective Ru complexes. Buchner-trapping of the initiation of Ru1 with excess 1-hexene after 50% loss of Ru1 gave 99% of the Buchner-trapping product derived from precatalyst Ru1. For the initiation process, this shows that there is an alkene-dependent loss of precatalyst Ru1, but this does not directly produce the active catalyst. A faster initiating precatalyst for alkene metathesis gave similar rates of EYM. Buchner-trapping of ene-yne metathesis failed to deliver any products derived from Buchner insertion, consistent with rapid decomposition of carbene intermediates under ene-yne conditions. An internal alkyne, 1,4-diacetoxy-2-butyne, was found to obey a different rate law. Finally, the second-order rate constant for ene-yne metathesis was compared to that previously determined by the Grubbs second-generation carbene complex: Ru1 was found to promote ene-yne metathesis 62 times faster at the same initial precatalyst concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin R Griffiths
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, the State University of New York , Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, United States
| | - Jerome B Keister
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, the State University of New York , Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, United States
| | - Steven T Diver
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, the State University of New York , Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, United States
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30
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Bacterial Transcription as a Target for Antibacterial Drug Development. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2016; 80:139-60. [PMID: 26764017 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00055-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcription, the first step of gene expression, is carried out by the enzyme RNA polymerase (RNAP) and is regulated through interaction with a series of protein transcription factors. RNAP and its associated transcription factors are highly conserved across the bacterial domain and represent excellent targets for broad-spectrum antibacterial agent discovery. Despite the numerous antibiotics on the market, there are only two series currently approved that target transcription. The determination of the three-dimensional structures of RNAP and transcription complexes at high resolution over the last 15 years has led to renewed interest in targeting this essential process for antibiotic development by utilizing rational structure-based approaches. In this review, we describe the inhibition of the bacterial transcription process with respect to structural studies of RNAP, highlight recent progress toward the discovery of novel transcription inhibitors, and suggest additional potential antibacterial targets for rational drug design.
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Kaufmann E, Hattori H, Miyatake-Ondozabal H, Gademann K. Total Synthesis of the Glycosylated Macrolide Antibiotic Fidaxomicin. Org Lett 2015; 17:3514-7. [PMID: 26125969 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b01602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The first enantioselective total synthesis of fidaxomicin, also known as tiacumicin B or lipiarmycin A3, is reported. This novel glycosylated macrolide antibiotic is used in the clinic for the treatment of Clostridium difficile infections. Key features of the synthesis involve a rapid and high-yielding access to the noviose, rhamnose, and orsellinic acid precursors; the first example of a β-selective noviosylation; an effective Suzuki coupling of highly functionalized substrates; and a ring-closing metathesis reaction of a noviosylated dienoate precursor. Careful selection of protecting groups allowed for a complete deprotection yielding totally synthetic fidaxomicin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Kaufmann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hiromu Hattori
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Karl Gademann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
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