1
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Ji T, Su S, Wu S, Hori Y, Shigeta Y, Huang Y, Zheng W, Xu W, Zhang X, Kiyanagi R, Munakata K, Ohhara T, Nakanishi T, Sato O. Development of an Fe II Complex Exhibiting Intermolecular Proton Shifting Coupled Spin Transition. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202404843. [PMID: 38622084 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202404843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated reversible intermolecular proton shifting (IPS) coupled with spin transition (ST) in a novel FeII complex. The host FeII complex and the guest carboxylic acid anion were connected by intermolecular hydrogen bonds (IHBs). We extended the intramolecular proton transfer coupled ST phenomenon to the intermolecular system. The dynamic phenomenon was confirmed by variable-temperature single-crystal X-ray diffraction, neutron crystallography, and infrared spectroscopy. The mechanism of IPS was further validated using density functional theory calculations. The discovery of IPS-coupled ST in crystalline molecular materials provides good insights into fundamental processes and promotes the design of novel multifunctional materials with tunable properties for various applications, such as optoelectronics, information storage, and molecular devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianchi Ji
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering & IRCCS, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Shengqun Su
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering & IRCCS, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Shuqi Wu
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering & IRCCS, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yuta Hori
- Center for Computational Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan
| | - Yasuteru Shigeta
- Center for Computational Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan
| | - Yubo Huang
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering & IRCCS, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Wenwei Zheng
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering & IRCCS, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Wenhuang Xu
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering & IRCCS, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Xiaopeng Zhang
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering & IRCCS, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Ryoji Kiyanagi
- J-PARC Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 2-4 Shirakata, Tokai, Ibaraki, 319-1195, Japan
| | - Koji Munakata
- Neutron Science and Technology Center, Comprehensive Research Organization for Science and Society, 162-1 Shirakata, Tokai, Ibaraki, 319-1106, Japan
| | - Takashi Ohhara
- J-PARC Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 2-4 Shirakata, Tokai, Ibaraki, 319-1195, Japan
| | - Takumi Nakanishi
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, 211 Katahira, Aoba Ward, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Osamu Sato
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering & IRCCS, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
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2
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Tolentino Collado J, Bodis E, Pasitka J, Szucs M, Fekete Z, Kis-Bicskei N, Telek E, Pozsonyi K, Kapetanaki SM, Greetham G, Tonge PJ, Meech SR, Lukacs A. Single Amino Acid Mutation Decouples Photochemistry of the BLUF Domain from the Enzymatic Function of OaPAC and Drives the Enzyme to a Switched-on State. J Mol Biol 2024; 436:168312. [PMID: 37827329 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2023.168312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Photoactivated adenylate cyclases (PACs) are light-activated enzymes that combine a BLUF (blue-light using flavin) domain and an adenylate cyclase domain that are able to increase the levels of the important second messenger cAMP (cyclic adenosine monophosphate) upon blue-light excitation. The light-induced changes in the BLUF domain are transduced to the adenylate cyclase domain via a mechanism that has not yet been established. One critical residue in the photoactivation mechanism of BLUF domains, present in the vicinity of the flavin is the glutamine amino acid close to the N5 of the flavin. The role of this residue has been investigated extensively both experimentally and theoretically. However, its role in the activity of the photoactivated adenylate cyclase, OaPAC has never been addressed. In this work, we applied ultrafast transient visible and infrared spectroscopies to study the photochemistry of the Q48E OaPAC mutant. This mutation altered the primary electron transfer process and switched the enzyme into a permanent 'on' state, able to increase the cAMP levels under dark conditions compared to the cAMP levels of the dark-adapted state of the wild-type OaPAC. Differential scanning calorimetry measurements point to a less compact structure for the Q48E OaPAC mutant. The ensemble of these findings provide insight into the important elements in PACs and how their fine tuning may help in the design of optogenetic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emoke Bodis
- Department of Biophysics, Medical School, University of Pecs, Szigeti str. 12, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Jonatan Pasitka
- Department of Biophysics, Medical School, University of Pecs, Szigeti str. 12, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Mihaly Szucs
- Department of Biophysics, Medical School, University of Pecs, Szigeti str. 12, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Fekete
- Department of Biophysics, Medical School, University of Pecs, Szigeti str. 12, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Nikolett Kis-Bicskei
- Department of Biophysics, Medical School, University of Pecs, Szigeti str. 12, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Elek Telek
- Department of Biophysics, Medical School, University of Pecs, Szigeti str. 12, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Kinga Pozsonyi
- Department of Biophysics, Medical School, University of Pecs, Szigeti str. 12, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Sofia M Kapetanaki
- Department of Biophysics, Medical School, University of Pecs, Szigeti str. 12, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Greg Greetham
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Peter J Tonge
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, New York 11794, United States.
| | - Stephen R Meech
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK.
| | - Andras Lukacs
- Department of Biophysics, Medical School, University of Pecs, Szigeti str. 12, 7624 Pecs, Hungary.
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3
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Krueger TD, Chen C, Fang C. Targeting Ultrafast Spectroscopic Insights into Red Fluorescent Proteins. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202300668. [PMID: 37682793 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Red fluorescent proteins (RFPs) represent an increasingly popular class of genetically encodable bioprobes and biomarkers that can advance next-generation breakthroughs across the imaging and life sciences. Since the rational design of RFPs with improved functions or enhanced versatility requires a mechanistic understanding of their working mechanisms, while fluorescence is intrinsically an ultrafast event, a suitable toolset involving steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopic techniques has become powerful in delineating key structural features and dynamic steps which govern irreversible photoconverting or reversible photoswitching RFPs, and large Stokes shift (LSS)RFPs. The pertinent cis-trans isomerization and protonation state change of RFP chromophores in their local environments, involving key residues in protein matrices, lead to rich and complicated spectral features across multiple timescales. In particular, ultrafast excited-state proton transfer in various LSSRFPs showcases the resolving power of wavelength-tunable femtosecond stimulated Raman spectroscopy (FSRS) in mapping a photocycle with crucial knowledge about the red-emitting species. Moreover, recent progress in noncanonical RFPs with a site-specifically modified chromophore provides an appealing route for efficient engineering of redder and brighter RFPs, highly desirable for bioimaging. Such an effective feedback loop involving physical chemists, protein engineers, and biomedical microscopists will enable future successes to expand fundamental knowledge and improve human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor D Krueger
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, 153 Gilbert Hall, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331-4003, USA
| | - Cheng Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, 153 Gilbert Hall, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331-4003, USA
| | - Chong Fang
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, 153 Gilbert Hall, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331-4003, USA
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4
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Time-resolved infrared absorption spectroscopy applied to photoinduced reactions: how and why. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2022; 21:557-584. [DOI: 10.1007/s43630-022-00180-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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5
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Uriarte LM, Vitale R, Niziński S, Hadjidemetriou K, Zala N, Lukacs A, Greetham GM, Sazanovich IV, Weik M, Ruckebusch C, Meech SR, Sliwa M. Structural Information about the trans-to- cis Isomerization Mechanism of the Photoswitchable Fluorescent Protein rsEGFP2 Revealed by Multiscale Infrared Transient Absorption. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:1194-1202. [PMID: 35085441 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c02920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
RsEGFP2 is a reversibly photoswitchable fluorescent protein used in super-resolved optical microscopies, which can be toggled between a fluorescent On state and a nonfluorescent Off state. Previous time-resolved ultraviolet-visible spectroscopic studies have shown that the Off-to-On photoactivation extends over the femto- to millisecond time scale and involves two picosecond lifetime excited states and four ground state intermediates, reflecting a trans-to-cis excited state isomerization, a millisecond deprotonation, and protein structural reorganizations. Femto- to millisecond time-resolved multiple-probe infrared spectroscopy (TRMPS-IR) can reveal structural aspects of intermediate species. Here we apply TRMPS-IR to rsEGFP2 and implement a Savitzky-Golay derivative analysis to correct for baseline drift. The results reveal that a subpicosecond twisted excited state precursor controls the trans-to-cis isomerization and the chromophore reaches its final position in the protein pocket within 100 ps. A new step with a time constant of 42 ns is reported and assigned to structural relaxation of the protein that occurs prior to the deprotonation of the chromophore on the millisecond time scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas M Uriarte
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8516, LASIRE, Laboratoire de Spectroscopie pour les Interactions, la Réactivité et l'Environnement, Lille 59000, France
| | - Raffaele Vitale
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8516, LASIRE, Laboratoire de Spectroscopie pour les Interactions, la Réactivité et l'Environnement, Lille 59000, France
| | - Stanisław Niziński
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8516, LASIRE, Laboratoire de Spectroscopie pour les Interactions, la Réactivité et l'Environnement, Lille 59000, France
- Quantum Electronics Laboratory, Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 2, Poznan 61-614, Poland
| | | | - Ninon Zala
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Structurale, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Andras Lukacs
- Department of Biophysics, Medical School, University of Pecs, Szigeti ut 12, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Gregory M Greetham
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX, U.K
| | - Igor V Sazanovich
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX, U.K
| | - Martin Weik
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Structurale, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Cyril Ruckebusch
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8516, LASIRE, Laboratoire de Spectroscopie pour les Interactions, la Réactivité et l'Environnement, Lille 59000, France
| | - Stephen R Meech
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, U.K
| | - Michel Sliwa
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8516, LASIRE, Laboratoire de Spectroscopie pour les Interactions, la Réactivité et l'Environnement, Lille 59000, France
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6
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Langeland J, Persen NW, Gruber E, Kiefer HV, Kabylda AM, Bochenkova AV, Andersen LH. Controlling Light-Induced Proton Transfer from the GFP Chromophore. Chemphyschem 2021; 22:833-841. [PMID: 33591586 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202100068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) is known to undergo excited-state proton transfer (ESPT). Formation of a short H-bond favors ultrafast ESPT in GFP-like proteins, such as the GFP S65T/H148D mutant, but the detailed mechanism and its quantum nature remain to be resolved. Here we study in vacuo, light-induced proton transfer from the GFP chromophore in hydrogen-bonded complexes with two anionic proton acceptors, I- and deprotonated trichloroacetic acid (TCA- ). We address the role of the strong H-bond and the quantum mechanical proton-density distribution in the excited state, which determines the proton-transfer probability. Our study shows that chemical modifications to the molecular network drastically change the proton-transfer probability and it can become strongly wavelength dependent. The proton-transfer branching ratio is found to be 60 % for the TCA complex and 10 % for the iodide complex, being highly dependent on the photon energy in the latter case. Using high-level ab initio calculations, we show that light-induced proton transfer takes place in S1 , revealing intrinsic photoacid properties of the isolated GFP chromophore in strongly bound H-bonded complexes. ESPT is found to be very sensitive to the topography of the highly anharmonic potential in S1 , depending on the quantum-density distribution upon vibrational excitation. We also show that the S1 potential-energy surface, and hence excited-state proton transfer, can be controlled by altering the chromophore microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeppe Langeland
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Natascha W Persen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Elisabeth Gruber
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Hjalte V Kiefer
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Adil M Kabylda
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Lars H Andersen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
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7
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Mamontova AV, Shakhov AM, Grigoryev AP, Lukyanov KA, Bogdanov AM. Increasing the Fluorescence Brightness of Superphotostable EGFP Mutant by Introducing Mutations That Block Chromophore Protonation. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162020060187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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8
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Shibazaki C, Shimizu R, Kagotani Y, Ostermann A, Schrader TE, Adachi M. Direct Observation of the Protonation States in the Mutant Green Fluorescent Protein. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:492-496. [PMID: 31880458 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b03252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Neutron crystallography has been used to elucidate the protonation states for the enhanced green fluorescent protein, which has revolutionized imaging technologies. The structure has a deprotonated hydroxyl group in the fluorescent chromophore. Also, the protonation states of His148 and Thr203, as well as the orientation of a critical water molecule in direct contact with the chromophore, could be determined. The results demonstrate that the deprotonated hydroxyl group in the chromophore and the nitrogen atom ND1 in His148 are charged negatively and positively, respectively, forming an ion pair. The position of the two deuterium atoms in the critical water molecule appears to be displaced slightly toward the acceptor oxygen atoms according to their omit maps. This displacement implies the formation of an intriguing electrostatic potential realized inside of the protein. Our findings provide new insights into future protein design strategies along with developments in quantum chemical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chie Shibazaki
- Institute for Quantum Life Science , National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST) , 2-4 Shirakata , Tokai , Ibaraki 319-1106 , Japan
| | - Rumi Shimizu
- Institute for Quantum Life Science , National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST) , 2-4 Shirakata , Tokai , Ibaraki 319-1106 , Japan
| | - Yuji Kagotani
- Institute for Quantum Life Science , National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST) , 2-4 Shirakata , Tokai , Ibaraki 319-1106 , Japan
| | - Andreas Ostermann
- Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ) , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 1 , 85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Tobias E Schrader
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS) at Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ) , Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH , Lichtenbergstrasse 1 , 85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Motoyasu Adachi
- Institute for Quantum Life Science , National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST) , 2-4 Shirakata , Tokai , Ibaraki 319-1106 , Japan
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9
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Grigorenko BL, Polyakov IV, Krylov AI, Nemukhin AV. Computational Modeling Reveals the Mechanism of Fluorescent State Recovery in the Reversibly Photoswitchable Protein Dreiklang. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:8901-8909. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b06988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bella L. Grigorenko
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119334, Russia
| | - Igor V. Polyakov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119334, Russia
| | - Anna I. Krylov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-0482, United States
| | - Alexander V. Nemukhin
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119334, Russia
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10
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Konold PE, van Stokkum IHM, Muzzopappa F, Wilson A, Groot ML, Kirilovsky D, Kennis JTM. Photoactivation Mechanism, Timing of Protein Secondary Structure Dynamics and Carotenoid Translocation in the Orange Carotenoid Protein. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:520-530. [PMID: 30511841 PMCID: PMC6331140 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b11373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The orange carotenoid protein (OCP) is a two-domain photoactive protein that noncovalently binds an echinenone (ECN) carotenoid and mediates photoprotection in cyanobacteria. In the dark, OCP assumes an orange, inactive state known as OCPO; blue light illumination results in the red active state, known as OCPR. The OCPR state is characterized by large-scale structural changes that involve dissociation and separation of C-terminal and N-terminal domains accompanied by carotenoid translocation into the N-terminal domain. The mechanistic and dynamic-structural relations between photon absorption and formation of the OCPR state have remained largely unknown. Here, we employ a combination of time-resolved UV-visible and (polarized) mid-infrared spectroscopy to assess the electronic and structural dynamics of the carotenoid and the protein secondary structure, from femtoseconds to 0.5 ms. We identify a hereto unidentified carotenoid excited state in OCP, the so-called S* state, which we propose to play a key role in breaking conserved hydrogen-bond interactions between carotenoid and aromatic amino acids in the binding pocket. We arrive at a comprehensive reaction model where the hydrogen-bond rupture with conserved aromatic side chains at the carotenoid β1-ring in picoseconds occurs at a low yield of <1%, whereby the β1-ring retains a trans configuration with respect to the conjugated π-electron chain. This event initiates structural changes at the N-terminal domain in 1 μs, which allow the carotenoid to translocate into the N-terminal domain in 10 μs. We identified infrared signatures of helical elements that dock on the C-terminal domain β-sheet in the dark and unfold in the light to allow domain separation. These helical elements do not move within the experimental range of 0.5 ms, indicating that domain separation occurs on longer time scales, lagging carotenoid translocation by at least 2 decades of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick E. Konold
- Department of Physics
and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije
Universiteit, De Boelelaan
1081, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ivo H. M. van Stokkum
- Department of Physics
and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije
Universiteit, De Boelelaan
1081, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fernando Muzzopappa
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the
Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Universite Paris-Sud,
Universite Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Institut Joliot, Commissariat a l’Energie
Atomique (CEA), 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Adjélé Wilson
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the
Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Universite Paris-Sud,
Universite Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Institut Joliot, Commissariat a l’Energie
Atomique (CEA), 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Marie-Louise Groot
- Department of Physics
and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije
Universiteit, De Boelelaan
1081, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Diana Kirilovsky
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the
Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Universite Paris-Sud,
Universite Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Institut Joliot, Commissariat a l’Energie
Atomique (CEA), 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - John T. M. Kennis
- Department of Physics
and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije
Universiteit, De Boelelaan
1081, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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11
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Tachibana SR, Tang L, Zhu L, Liu W, Wang Y, Fang C. Watching an Engineered Calcium Biosensor Glow: Altered Reaction Pathways before Emission. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:11986-11995. [PMID: 30449101 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b10587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Biosensors have become an indispensable tool set in life sciences. Among them, fluorescent protein-based biosensors have great biocompatibility and tunable emission properties but their development is largely on trial and error. To facilitate a rational design, we implement tunable femtosecond stimulated Raman spectroscopy, aided by transient absorption and quantum calculations, to elucidate the working mechanisms of a single-site Pro377Arg mutant of an emission ratiometric Ca2+ biosensor based on a green fluorescent protein-calmodulin complex. Comparisons with the parent protein and the Ca2+-free/bound states unveil more structural inhomogeneity yet an overall faster excited-state proton-transfer (ESPT) reaction inside the Ca2+-bound biosensor. The correlated photoreactant and photoproduct vibrational modes in the excited state reveal more chromophore twisting and trapping in the Ca2+-bound state during ESPT and the largely conserved chromophore dynamics in the Ca2+-free state from parent protein. The uncovered structural dynamics insights throughout an ESPT reaction inside a calcium biosensor provide important design principles in maintaining a hydrophilic, less compact, and more homogeneous environment with directional H-bonding (from the chromophore to surrounding protein residues) via bioengineering methods to improve the ESPT efficiency and quantum yield while maintaining photostability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean R Tachibana
- Department of Chemistry , Oregon State University , Corvallis , Oregon 97331 , United States
| | - Longteng Tang
- Department of Chemistry , Oregon State University , Corvallis , Oregon 97331 , United States
| | - Liangdong Zhu
- Department of Chemistry , Oregon State University , Corvallis , Oregon 97331 , United States
| | - Weimin Liu
- Department of Chemistry , Oregon State University , Corvallis , Oregon 97331 , United States
| | - Yanli Wang
- Department of Chemistry , Oregon State University , Corvallis , Oregon 97331 , United States
| | - Chong Fang
- Department of Chemistry , Oregon State University , Corvallis , Oregon 97331 , United States
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12
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Kaur J, Yadav NS, Singh MK, Khan MJ, Sen S, Dixit A, Choudhury D. Role of Ser65, His148 and Thr203 in the Organic Solvent-dependent Spectral Shift in Green Fluorescent Protein. Photochem Photobiol 2018; 95:543-555. [PMID: 30240005 DOI: 10.1111/php.13018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The photophysics of green fluorescent protein (GFP) is remarkable because of its exceptional property of excited state proton transfer (ESPT) and the presence of a functional proton wire. Another interesting property of wild-type GFP is that its absorption and fluorescence excitation spectra are sensitive to the presence of polar organic solvents even at very low concentrations. Here, we use a combination of methodologies including site-specific mutagenesis, absorption spectroscopy, steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence measurements and all-atom molecular dynamics simulations in explicit solvent, to uncover the mechanism behind the unique spectral sensitivity of GFP toward organic solvents. Based on the evidences provided herein, we suggest that organic solvent-induced changes in the proton wire prevent ground state movement of a proton through the wire and thus bring about the spectral changes observed. The present study can not only help to understand the mechanism of proton transfer by further dissecting the intricate steps in GFP photophysics but also encourages to develop GFP-based organic solvent biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasvir Kaur
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Neetu Singh Yadav
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Mohd Jahir Khan
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Sobhan Sen
- School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Aparna Dixit
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
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13
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Excited State Structural Evolution of a GFP Single-Site Mutant Tracked by Tunable Femtosecond-Stimulated Raman Spectroscopy. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23092226. [PMID: 30200474 PMCID: PMC6225354 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23092226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Tracking vibrational motions during a photochemical or photophysical process has gained momentum, due to its sensitivity to the progression of reaction and change of environment. In this work, we implemented an advanced ultrafast vibrational technique, femtosecond-stimulated Raman spectroscopy (FSRS), to monitor the excited state structural evolution of an engineered green fluorescent protein (GFP) single-site mutant S205V. This mutation alters the original excited state proton transfer (ESPT) chain. By strategically tuning the Raman pump to different wavelengths (i.e., 801, 539, and 504 nm) to achieve pre-resonance with transient excited state electronic bands, the characteristic Raman modes of the excited protonated (A*) chromophore species and intermediate deprotonated (I*) species can be selectively monitored. The inhomogeneous distribution/population of A* species go through ESPT with a similar ~300 ps time constant, confirming that bridging a water molecule to protein residue T203 in the ESPT chain is the rate-limiting step. Some A* species undergo vibrational cooling through high-frequency motions on the ~190 ps time scale. At early times, a portion of the largely protonated A* species could also undergo vibrational cooling or return to the ground state with a ~80 ps time constant. On the photoproduct side, a ~1330 cm−1 delocalized motion is observed, with dispersive line shapes in both the Stokes and anti-Stokes FSRS with a pre-resonance Raman pump, which indicates strong vibronic coupling, as the mode could facilitate the I* species to reach a relatively stable state (e.g., the main fluorescent state) after conversion from A*. Our findings disentangle the contributions of various vibrational motions active during the ESPT reaction, and offer new structural dynamics insights into the fluorescence mechanisms of engineered GFPs and other analogous autofluorescent proteins.
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14
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Tang L, Wang Y, Zhu L, Kallio K, Remington SJ, Fang C. Photoinduced proton transfer inside an engineered green fluorescent protein: a stepwise-concerted-hybrid reaction. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:12517-12526. [PMID: 29708241 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp01907j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Photoactivated proton transfer (PT) wire is responsible for the glow of green fluorescent protein (GFP), which is crucial for bioimaging and biomedicine. In this work, a new GFP-S65T/S205V double mutant is developed from wild-type GFP in which the PT wire is significantly modified. We implement femtosecond transient absorption (fs-TA) and femtosecond stimulated Raman spectroscopy (FSRS) to delineate the PT process in action. The excited state proton transfer proceeds on the ∼110 ps timescale, which infers that the distance of one key link (water to T203) in the PT wire of GFP-S205V is shortened by the extra S65T mutation. The rise of an imidazolinone ring deformation mode at ∼871 cm-1 in FSRS further suggests that this PT reaction is in a concerted manner. A ∼4 ps component prior to large-scale proton dissociation through the PT wire is also retrieved, indicative of some small-scale proton motions and heavy-atom rearrangement in the vicinity of the chromophore. Our work provides deep insights into the novel hybrid PT mechanism in engineered GFP and demonstrates the power of tunable FSRS methodology in tracking ultrafast photoreactions with the desirable structural specificity in physiological environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longteng Tang
- Oregon State University, Department of Chemistry, 263 Linus Pauling Science Centre (lab), 153 Gilbert Hall (office), Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
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15
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Evidence for a vibrational phase-dependent isotope effect on the photochemistry of vision. Nat Chem 2018; 10:449-455. [DOI: 10.1038/s41557-018-0014-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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16
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Wineman-Fisher V, Simkovich R, Huppert D, Trujillo K, Remington SJ, Miller Y. Mutagenic induction of an ultra-fast water-chain proton wire. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 18:23089-95. [PMID: 27492977 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp05071a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Replacement of the hydroxyl group of a hydrophilic sidechain by an H atom in the proton wire of GFP induces formation of a water-chain proton wire. Surprisingly, this "non-native" water chain functions as a proton wire with response times within 10 ps of the wild type protein. This remarkable rate retention is understood as a natural consequence of the well-known Grotthuss mechanism of proton transfer in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vered Wineman-Fisher
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, Be'er Sheva 84105, Israel. and Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beér-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Ron Simkovich
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Dan Huppert
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Kristina Trujillo
- Department of Physics and Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, USA
| | - S James Remington
- Department of Physics and Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, USA
| | - Yifat Miller
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, Be'er Sheva 84105, Israel. and Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beér-Sheva 84105, Israel
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17
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Abstract
Inside proteins, protons move on proton wires (PWs). Starting from the highest resolution X-ray structure available, we conduct a 306 ns molecular dynamics simulation of the (A-state) wild-type (wt) green fluorescent protein (GFP) to study how its PWs change with time. We find that the PW from the chromophore via Ser205 to Glu222, observed in all X-ray structures, undergoes rapid water molecule insertion between Ser205 and Glu222. Sometimes, an alternate Ser205-bypassing PW exists. Side chain rotations of Thr203 and Ser205 play an important role in shaping the PW network in the chromophore region. Thr203, with its bulkier side chain, exhibits slower transitions between its three rotameric states. Ser205 experiences more frequent rotations, slowing down when the Thr203 methyl group is close by. The combined states of both residues affect the PW probabilities. A random walk search for PWs from the chromophore reveals several exit points to the bulk, one being a direct water wire (WW) from the chromophore to the bulk. A longer WW connects the "bottom" of the GFP barrel with a "water pool" (WP1) situated below Glu222. These two WWs were not observed in X-ray structures of wt-GFP, but their analogues have been reported in related fluorescent proteins. Surprisingly, the high-resolution X-ray structure utilized herein shows that Glu222 is protonated at low temperatures. At higher temperatures, we suggest ion pairing between anionic Glu222 and a proton hosted in WP1. Upon photoexcitation, these two recombine, while a second proton dissociates from the chromophore and either exits the protein using the short WW or migrates along the GFP-barrel axis on the long WW. This mechanism reconciles the conflicting experimental and theoretical data on proton motion within GFP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Shinobu
- The Fritz Haber Research Center, Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Noam Agmon
- The Fritz Haber Research Center, Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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18
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Armengol P, Gelabert R, Moreno M, Lluch JM. Chromophore interactions leading to different absorption spectra in mNeptune1 and mCardinal red fluorescent proteins. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:16964-76. [PMID: 27294977 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp01297c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
Extensive MD simulations combined with QM/MM calculations have been performed on mNeptune1 and mCardinal red fluorescent proteins to establish the reasons behind the red shift of the excitation wavelength of mCardinal with respect to mNeptune1. In both cases, it is seen that Arg197 stabilizes the chromophore but cannot be described as stabilizing preferentially the excited state because of the anchor point of the interaction. The interactions of the linking bonds to the α-helix of both proteins to the chromophore have been analyzed. It has been found that, besides the presence of a strategically placed residue Gln41 in mCardinal, solvation water molecules play an active role in the energetics of the stabilization of the excited state, which is preferentially stabilized in the case of mCardinal in contrast to mNeptune1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pau Armengol
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Ricard Gelabert
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Miquel Moreno
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - José M Lluch
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain. and Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
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19
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Laptenok SP, Conyard J, Page PCB, Chan Y, You M, Jaffrey SR, Meech SR. Photoacid Behaviour in a Fluorinated Green Fluorescent Protein Chromophore: Ultrafast Formation of Anion and Zwitterion States. †. Chem Sci 2016; 7:5747-5752. [PMID: 28066538 PMCID: PMC5207226 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc02031c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The photophysics of the chromophore of the green fluorescent protein in Aequorea victoria (avGFP) are dominated by an excited state proton transfer reaction. In contrast the photophysics of the same chromophore in solution are dominated by radiationless decay, and photoacid behaviour is not observed. Here we show that modification of the pKa of the chromophore by fluorination leads to an excited state proton transfer on an extremely fast (50 fs) time scale. Such a fast rate suggests a barrierless proton transfer and the existence of a pre-formed acceptor site in the aqueous solution, which is supported by solvent and deuterium isotope effects. In addition, at lower pH, photochemical formation of the elusive zwitterion of the GFP chromophore is observed by means of an equally fast excited state proton transfer from the cation. The significance of these results for understanding and modifying the properties of fluorescent proteins are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. P. Laptenok
- School of Chemistry
, University of East Anglia
,
Norwich NR4 7TJ
, UK
.
| | - J. Conyard
- School of Chemistry
, University of East Anglia
,
Norwich NR4 7TJ
, UK
.
| | - P. C. Bulman Page
- School of Chemistry
, University of East Anglia
,
Norwich NR4 7TJ
, UK
.
| | - Y. Chan
- School of Chemistry
, University of East Anglia
,
Norwich NR4 7TJ
, UK
.
| | - M. You
- Department of Pharmacology Weill Medical College
, Cornell University
,
1300 York Avenue, Box 70
, New York
, NY 10065
, USA
| | - S. R. Jaffrey
- Department of Pharmacology Weill Medical College
, Cornell University
,
1300 York Avenue, Box 70
, New York
, NY 10065
, USA
| | - S. R. Meech
- School of Chemistry
, University of East Anglia
,
Norwich NR4 7TJ
, UK
.
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20
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Wide-dynamic-range kinetic investigations of deep proton tunnelling in proteins. Nat Chem 2016; 8:874-80. [PMID: 27554414 DOI: 10.1038/nchem.2527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Directional proton transport along 'wires' that feed biochemical reactions in proteins is poorly understood. Amino-acid residues with high pKa are seldom considered as active transport elements in such wires because of their large classical barrier for proton dissociation. Here, we use the light-triggered proton wire of the green fluorescent protein to study its ground-electronic-state proton-transport kinetics, revealing a large temperature-dependent kinetic isotope effect. We show that 'deep' proton tunnelling between hydrogen-bonded oxygen atoms with a typical donor-acceptor distance of 2.7-2.8 Å fully accounts for the rates at all temperatures, including the unexpectedly large value (2.5 × 10(9) s(-1)) found at room temperature. The rate-limiting step in green fluorescent protein is assigned to tunnelling of the ionization-resistant serine hydroxyl proton. This suggests how high-pKa residues within a proton wire can act as a 'tunnel diode' to kinetically trap protons and control the direction of proton flow.
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21
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Greetham GM, Donaldson PM, Nation C, Sazanovich IV, Clark IP, Shaw DJ, Parker AW, Towrie M. A 100 kHz Time-Resolved Multiple-Probe Femtosecond to Second Infrared Absorption Spectrometer. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2016; 70:645-653. [PMID: 26887988 DOI: 10.1177/0003702816631302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We present a dual-amplifier laser system for time-resolved multiple-probe infrared (IR) spectroscopy based on the ytterbium potassium gadolinium tungstate (Yb:KGW) laser medium. Comparisons are made between the ytterbium-based technology and titanium sapphire laser systems for time-resolved IR spectroscopy measurements. The 100 kHz probing system provides new capability in time-resolved multiple-probe experiments, as more information is obtained from samples in a single experiment through multiple-probing. This method uses the high repetition-rate probe pulses to repeatedly measure spectra at 10 µs intervals following excitation allowing extended timescales to be measured routinely along with ultrafast data. Results are presented showing the measurement of molecular dynamics over >10 orders of magnitude in timescale, out to 20 ms, with an experimental time response of <200 fs. The power of multiple-probing is explored through principal component analysis of repeating probe measurements as a novel method for removing noise and measurement artifacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory M Greetham
- Central Laser Facility, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, UK
| | - Paul M Donaldson
- Central Laser Facility, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, UK
| | - Charlie Nation
- Central Laser Facility, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, UK
| | - Igor V Sazanovich
- Central Laser Facility, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, UK
| | - Ian P Clark
- Central Laser Facility, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, UK
| | - Daniel J Shaw
- Central Laser Facility, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, UK Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, SUPA, Glasgow, UK
| | - Anthony W Parker
- Central Laser Facility, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, UK
| | - Michael Towrie
- Central Laser Facility, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, UK
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22
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Gerlits O, Wymore T, Das A, Shen CH, Parks JM, Smith JC, Weiss KL, Keen DA, Blakeley MP, Louis JM, Langan P, Weber IT, Kovalevsky A. Long-Range Electrostatics-Induced Two-Proton Transfer Captured by Neutron Crystallography in an Enzyme Catalytic Site. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:4924-7. [PMID: 26958828 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201509989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Neutron crystallography was used to directly locate two protons before and after a pH-induced two-proton transfer between catalytic aspartic acid residues and the hydroxy group of the bound clinical drug darunavir, located in the catalytic site of enzyme HIV-1 protease. The two-proton transfer is triggered by electrostatic effects arising from protonation state changes of surface residues far from the active site. The mechanism and pH effect are supported by quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) calculations. The low-pH proton configuration in the catalytic site is deemed critical for the catalytic action of this enzyme and may apply more generally to other aspartic proteases. Neutrons therefore represent a superb probe to obtain structural details for proton transfer reactions in biological systems at a truly atomic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksana Gerlits
- Biology and Soft Matter Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Troy Wymore
- UT/ORNL Center for Molecular Biophysics, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Amit Das
- Solid State Physics Division, BARC, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - Chen-Hsiang Shen
- Departments of Chemistry and Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30302, USA
| | - Jerry M Parks
- UT/ORNL Center for Molecular Biophysics, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Jeremy C Smith
- UT/ORNL Center for Molecular Biophysics, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Kevin L Weiss
- Biology and Soft Matter Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - David A Keen
- ISIS Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Matthew P Blakeley
- Large-Scale Structures Group, Institut Laue Langevin, 71 avenue des Martyrs - CS 20156, 38042, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - John M Louis
- Laboratory of Chemical Physics, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, 20892-0520, USA
| | - Paul Langan
- Biology and Soft Matter Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Irene T Weber
- Departments of Chemistry and Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30302, USA
| | - Andrey Kovalevsky
- Biology and Soft Matter Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA.
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23
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Gerlits O, Wymore T, Das A, Shen CH, Parks JM, Smith JC, Weiss KL, Keen DA, Blakeley MP, Louis JM, Langan P, Weber IT, Kovalevsky A. Long-Range Electrostatics-Induced Two-Proton Transfer Captured by Neutron Crystallography in an Enzyme Catalytic Site. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201509989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oksana Gerlits
- Biology and Soft Matter Division; Oak Ridge National Laboratory; Oak Ridge TN 37831 USA
| | - Troy Wymore
- UT/ORNL Center for Molecular Biophysics; Biosciences Division; Oak Ridge National Laboratory; Oak Ridge TN 37831 USA
| | - Amit Das
- Solid State Physics Division; BARC; Trombay Mumbai 400085 India
| | - Chen-Hsiang Shen
- Departments of Chemistry and Biology; Georgia State University; Atlanta GA 30302 USA
| | - Jerry M. Parks
- UT/ORNL Center for Molecular Biophysics; Biosciences Division; Oak Ridge National Laboratory; Oak Ridge TN 37831 USA
| | - Jeremy C. Smith
- UT/ORNL Center for Molecular Biophysics; Biosciences Division; Oak Ridge National Laboratory; Oak Ridge TN 37831 USA
| | - Kevin L. Weiss
- Biology and Soft Matter Division; Oak Ridge National Laboratory; Oak Ridge TN 37831 USA
| | - David A. Keen
- ISIS Facility; Rutherford Appleton Laboratory; Harwell Oxford Didcot OX11 0QX UK
| | - Matthew P. Blakeley
- Large-Scale Structures Group; Institut Laue Langevin; 71 avenue des Martyrs - CS 20156 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9 France
| | - John M. Louis
- Laboratory of Chemical Physics; National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; National Institutes of Health, DHHS; Bethesda MD 20892-0520 USA
| | - Paul Langan
- Biology and Soft Matter Division; Oak Ridge National Laboratory; Oak Ridge TN 37831 USA
| | - Irene T. Weber
- Departments of Chemistry and Biology; Georgia State University; Atlanta GA 30302 USA
| | - Andrey Kovalevsky
- Biology and Soft Matter Division; Oak Ridge National Laboratory; Oak Ridge TN 37831 USA
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