1
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Zhang HJ, Ociepa M, Nassir M, Zheng B, Lewicki SA, Salmaso V, Baburi H, Nagel J, Mirza S, Bueschbell B, Al-Hroub H, Perzanowska O, Lin Z, Schmidt MA, Eastgate MD, Jacobson KA, Müller CE, Kowalska J, Jemielity J, Baran PS. Stereocontrolled access to thioisosteres of nucleoside di- and triphosphates. Nat Chem 2024; 16:249-258. [PMID: 37857844 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-023-01347-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Nucleoside diphosphates and triphosphates impact nearly every aspect of biochemistry; however, the use of such compounds as tools or medicinal leads for nucleotide-dependent enzymes and receptors is hampered by their rapid in vivo metabolism. Although a successful strategy to address the instability of the monophosphate moiety in oligonucleotide therapeutics has been accomplished by their isosteric replacement with phosphorothioates, no practical methods exist to rapidly and controllably access stereopure di- and triphosphate thioisosteres of both natural and unnatural nucleosides. Here we show how a modular, reagent-based platform can enable the stereocontrolled and scalable synthesis of a library of such molecules. This operationally simple approach provides access to pure stereoisomers of nucleoside α-thiodiphosphates and α-thiotriphosphates, as well as symmetrical or unsymmetrical dinucleoside thiodiphosphates and thiotriphosphates (including RNA cap reagents). We demonstrate that ligand-receptor interactions can be dramatically influenced by P-stereochemistry, showing that such thioisosteric replacements can have profound effects on the potency and stability of lead candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Jun Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Michał Ociepa
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Molhm Nassir
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Bin Zheng
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Sarah A Lewicki
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Veronica Salmaso
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Helay Baburi
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jessica Nagel
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Salahuddin Mirza
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Beatriz Bueschbell
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Haneen Al-Hroub
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Olga Perzanowska
- Division of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ziqin Lin
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Michael A Schmidt
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Martin D Eastgate
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Kenneth A Jacobson
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Christa E Müller
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Joanna Kowalska
- Division of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Jacek Jemielity
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Phil S Baran
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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2
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Vang ZP, Sonstrom RE, Scolati HN, Clark JR, Pate BH. Assignment of the absolute configuration of molecules that are chiral by virtue of deuterium substitution using chiral tag molecular rotational resonance spectroscopy. Chirality 2023; 35:856-883. [PMID: 37277968 PMCID: PMC11102577 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Chiral tag molecular rotational resonance (MRR) spectroscopy is used to assign the absolute configuration of molecules that are chiral by virtue of deuterium substitution. Interest in the improved performance of deuterated active pharmaceutical ingredients has led to the development of precision deuteration reactions. These reactions often generate enantioisotopomer reaction products that pose challenges for chiral analysis. Chiral tag rotational spectroscopy uses noncovalent derivatization of the enantioisotopomer to create the diastereomers of the 1:1 molecular complexes of the analyte and a small, chiral molecule. Assignment of the absolute configuration requires high-confidence determinations of the structures of these weakly bound complexes. A general search method, CREST, is used to identify candidate geometries. Subsequent geometry optimization using dispersion corrected density functional theory gives equilibrium geometries with sufficient accuracy to identify the isomers of the chiral tag complexes produced in the pulsed jet expansion used to introduce the sample into the MRR spectrometer. Rotational constant scaling based on the fact that the diastereomers have the same equilibrium geometry gives accurate predictions allowing identification of the homochiral and heterochiral tag complexes and, therefore, assignment of absolute configuration. The method is successfully applied to three oxygenated substrates from enantioselective Cu-catalyzed alkene transfer hydrodeuteration reaction chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoua Pa Vang
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Reilly E. Sonstrom
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- BrightSpec Inc, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Haley N. Scolati
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Joseph R. Clark
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Brooks H. Pate
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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3
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Senda R, Watanabe Y, Miwa S, Sato A, Kitagawa O. Synthesis of Isotopic Atropisomers Based on 12C/ 13C Discrimination. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 37300502 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Quinazolin-4-one derivatives possessing an isotopic atropisomerism (isotopic N-C axial chirality) based on ortho-12CH3/13CH3 discrimination were prepared. The diastereomeric quinazolin-4-ones bearing an asymmetric carbon as well as an isotopic atropisomerism were clearly discriminated by 1H and 13C NMR spectra and revealed to possess high rotational stability and stereochemical purity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryunosuke Senda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 3-7-5 Toyosu, Kohto-ku, Tokyo 135-8548, Japan
| | - Yuka Watanabe
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 3-7-5 Toyosu, Kohto-ku, Tokyo 135-8548, Japan
| | - Shota Miwa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 3-7-5 Toyosu, Kohto-ku, Tokyo 135-8548, Japan
| | - Azusa Sato
- School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1, Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Osamu Kitagawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 3-7-5 Toyosu, Kohto-ku, Tokyo 135-8548, Japan
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4
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Miwa S, Senda R, Saito K, Sato A, Nakamura Y, Kitagawa O. Asymmetric Synthesis of Isotopic Atropisomers based on ortho-CH 3/CD 3 Discrimination and Their Structural Properties. J Org Chem 2022; 87:13501-13507. [PMID: 36214390 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
N-C axially chiral 3-(2-trideuteriomethyl-4,6-dimethylphenyl)-2-ethylquinazolin-4-ones and 3-(2-trideuteriomethyl-4,6-dimethylphenyl)-2-(1-phenylpropan-2-yl)quinazolin-4-ones were prepared in high enantio- and diastereomeric purities (98% ee). These quinazolinone derivatives are isotopic atropisomers based on ortho-CH3/CD3 discrimination and were revealed to possess a slight optical rotation and high rotational stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Miwa
- Department of Applied Chemistry (Japanese Association of Bio-intelligence for Well-being), Shibaura Institute of Technology, 3-7-5 Toyosu, Kohto-ku, Tokyo 135-8548, Japan
| | - Ryunosuke Senda
- Department of Applied Chemistry (Japanese Association of Bio-intelligence for Well-being), Shibaura Institute of Technology, 3-7-5 Toyosu, Kohto-ku, Tokyo 135-8548, Japan
| | - Kazuya Saito
- Department of Applied Chemistry (Japanese Association of Bio-intelligence for Well-being), Shibaura Institute of Technology, 3-7-5 Toyosu, Kohto-ku, Tokyo 135-8548, Japan
| | - Azusa Sato
- Division of Basic Sciences, Center for Medical and Nursing Education, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Yuko Nakamura
- Division of Basic Sciences, Center for Medical and Nursing Education, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Osamu Kitagawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry (Japanese Association of Bio-intelligence for Well-being), Shibaura Institute of Technology, 3-7-5 Toyosu, Kohto-ku, Tokyo 135-8548, Japan
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5
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Abstract
The various facets of the chemistry of cyclopropane derivatives, the smallest carbocycle, are amazingly diverse and continue to fascinate theoreticians, synthetic or structural chemists having interest in fundamental physical, medicinal chemistry, and natural product synthesis. The challenges generated by this intriguing cyclic arrangement of only three tetravalent carbons represent a wide area of the chemical spectrum. From fundamental aspects of bonding through the synthesis of highly strained molecules, the understanding of the mode of action in biological systems to the selective cleavage into acyclic substrates makes the chemistry of these small rings fascinating. Therefore, efficient routes to prepare differently polysubstituted cyclopropanes have always been of a primordial importance. In the past decade, we and others have expanded the scope of the carbometalation reaction of cyclopropenes as a broad and general method to the formation of stereodefined cyclopropane derivatives. Although cyclopropenes, with their even higher strain energy, easily undergo addition reactions of organometallic reagents, their carbometalation reactions generate new regio-, diastereo-, and enantioselectivity issues that needed to be addressed. These various stereochemical aspects accompanied our research from its origins to today, and we are proposing in this Account, a didactic overview of the different ways by which cyclopropenes can lead to the formation of polysubstituted cyclopropanes or open-products possessing several stereogenic centers as a single regio- and diastereomer.We initially launched our research campaign on the chemistry of these strained three-membered rings by the regio- and diastereoselective copper-catalyzed carbomagnesiation of enantiomerically enriched cyclopropenyl carbinols. The directing alcohol governed both the regio- and diastereoselectivity of the addition and also served as a good leaving group as it undergoes a selective 1,2-elimination reaction to provide enantioenriched alkylidenecyclopropanes in excellent yields and enantiomeric excesses. Then, we turned our attention to the regio- and stereoselective synthesis of stereodefined tri- and tetrasubstituted cyclopropanes through the diastereoselective addition to sp2- monosubstituted cyclopropenyl ester derivatives. With the aim to further expand this concept to the formation of penta- and hexa-substituted cyclopropanes as single isomer, we had first to design the preparation of the required 1,2-disubstituted cyclopropenes that would control the regioselective addition of the organometallic derivatives. The synthesis of penta- and hexa-substituted cyclopropanes was then reported for the first time as a single regio- and diastereomer. It should be noted that the in situ formed cyclopropyl-metal intermediate is configurationally stable and can be subsequently functionalized with pure retention of the configuration by addition of electrophiles. Then, the enantioselective-catalyzed carbometalation reaction of achiral cyclopropenes allowed the synthesis of several new classes of cyclopropane derivatives in high enantiomeric ratios. Finally, by combining the regio- and diastereoselective carbometalation reaction of a cyclopropene with a subsequent reaction of the resulting cyclopropylmetal species, a selective carbon-carbon bond cleavage was observed to lead to the preparation of acyclic substrates possessing several stereocenters including a quaternary carbon stereogenic center. Our original vision of using strain within an embedded double bond in a three-membered ring has provided new routes to the stereoselective synthesis of polysubstituted cyclopropanes and has been extremely successful, as it represents a current new tool for the synthesis of persubstituted cyclopropanes as a single diastereomer.
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Mills MD, Sonstrom RE, Vang ZP, Neill JL, Scolati HN, West CT, Pate BH, Clark JR. Enantioselective Synthesis of Enantioisotopomers with Quantitative Chiral Analysis by Chiral Tag Rotational Spectroscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202207275. [PMID: 35700045 PMCID: PMC9403034 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202207275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Fundamental to the synthesis of enantioenriched chiral molecules is the ability to assign absolute configuration at each stereogenic center, and to determine the enantiomeric excess for each compound. While determination of enantiomeric excess and absolute configuration is often considered routine in many facets of asymmetric synthesis, the same determinations for enantioisotopomers remains a formidable challenge. Here, we report the first highly enantioselective metal‐catalyzed synthesis of enantioisotopomers that are chiral by virtue of deuterium substitution along with the first general spectroscopic technique for assignment of the absolute configuration and quantitative determination of the enantiomeric excess of isotopically chiral molecules. Chiral tag rotational spectroscopy uses noncovalent chiral derivatization, which eliminates the possibility of racemization during derivatization, to perform the chiral analysis without the need of reference samples of the enantioisotopomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell D Mills
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA
| | - Reilly E Sonstrom
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Zoua Pa Vang
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA
| | - Justin L Neill
- BrightSpec Inc., 770 Harris Street Suite 104b, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Haley N Scolati
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Channing T West
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Brooks H Pate
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Joseph R Clark
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA
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7
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Pate BH, Mills MD, Sonstrom RE, Vang ZP, Neill JL, Scolati HN, West CT, Clark JR. Enantioselective Synthesis of Enantioisotopomers with Quantitative Chiral Analysis by Chiral Tag Rotational Spectroscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202207275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brooks H. Pate
- University of Virginia Department of Chemistry McCormick RoadP.O. Box 400319 22904-4319 Charlottesville UNITED STATES
| | | | | | | | - Justin L. Neill
- BrightSpec NA 770 Harris St.Suite 104b 22903 Charlottesville UNITED STATES
| | | | | | - Joseph R. Clark
- Marquette University Chemistry Department of ChemistryMarquette University 53233 Milwaukee UNITED STATES
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8
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Aroulanda C, Lesot P. Molecular enantiodiscrimination by NMR spectroscopy in chiral oriented systems: Concept, tools, and applications. Chirality 2021; 34:182-244. [PMID: 34936130 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The study of enantiodiscriminations in relation to various facets of enantiomorphism (chirality/prochirality) and/or molecular symmetry is an exciting area of modern organic chemistry and an ongoing challenge for nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopists who have developed many useful analytical approaches to solve stereochemical problems. Among them, the anisotropic NMR using chiral aligning solvents has provided a set of new and original tools by making accessible all intramolecular, order-dependent NMR interactions (anisotropic interactions), such as residual chemical shift anisotropy (RCSA), residual dipolar coupling (RDC), and residual quadrupolar coupling (RQC) for spin I > 1/2, while preserving high spectral resolution. The force of NMR in enantiopure, oriented solvents lies on its ability to orient differently in average on the NMR timescale enantiomers of chiral molecules and enantiotopic elements of prochiral ones, leading distinct NMR spectra or signals to be detected. In this compendium mainly written for all chemists playing with (pro)chirality, we overview various key aspects of NMR in weakly aligning chiral solvents as the lyotropic liquid crystals (LLCs), in particular those developed in France to study (pro)chiral compounds in relation with chemists needs: study of enantiopurity of mixture, stereochemistry, natural isotopic fractionation, as well as molecular conformation and configuration. Key representative examples covering the diversity of enantiomorphism concept, and the main and most recent applications illustrating the analytical potential of this NMR in polypeptide-based chiral liquid crystals (CLCs) are examined. The latest analytical strategy developed to determine in-solution conformational distribution of flexibles solutes using NMR in polypeptide-based aligned solvents is also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christie Aroulanda
- RMN en Milieu Orienté, ICMMO, UMR CNRS 8182, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay cedex, France
| | - Philippe Lesot
- RMN en Milieu Orienté, ICMMO, UMR CNRS 8182, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay cedex, France
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9
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Cohen Y, Marek I. Directed Regioselective Carbometallation of 1,2-Dialkyl-Substituted Cyclopropenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:26368-26372. [PMID: 34617656 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202111382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A regio- and diastereoselective copper-catalyzed carbomagnesiation of 1,2-dialkylated cyclopropenes is reported. The regioselectivity is controlled by a subtle tethered Lewis basic moiety. The chelating moieties allow the differentiation between two electronically tantamount organometallic intermediates. Further functionalization grants access to polysubstituted stereodefined cyclopropanes bearing up to five alkyl groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yair Cohen
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa, 3200009, Israel
| | - Ilan Marek
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa, 3200009, Israel
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10
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Cohen Y, Marek I. Directed Regioselective Carbometallation of 1,2‐Dialkyl‐Substituted Cyclopropenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202111382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yair Cohen
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City Haifa 3200009 Israel
| | - Ilan Marek
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City Haifa 3200009 Israel
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11
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Saito K, Miwa S, Iida A, Fujimoto Y, Caytan E, Roussel C, Kitagawa O. Detection of Isotopic Atropisomerism Based on ortho-H/D Discrimination. Org Lett 2021; 23:7492-7496. [PMID: 34515490 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Racemic and optically active 3-(2-deuteriophenyl)-2-(1-phenylpropan-2-yl)quinazoline-4-thiones were prepared. The nuclear magnetic resonance spectra clearly show that they exist as a 1:1 mixture of diastereomers due to the isotopic atropisomerism based on ortho-H/D discrimination (N-C axial chirality) and a chiral carbon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Saito
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 3-7-5 Toyosu, Kohto-ku, Tokyo 135-8548, Japan
| | - Shota Miwa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 3-7-5 Toyosu, Kohto-ku, Tokyo 135-8548, Japan
| | - Asumi Iida
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 3-7-5 Toyosu, Kohto-ku, Tokyo 135-8548, Japan
| | - Yuuki Fujimoto
- School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Elsa Caytan
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR - UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Christian Roussel
- Aix Marseille Université, Centrale Marseille, CNRS, iSm2 UMR 7313, 13397 Cedex 20 Marseille, France
| | - Osamu Kitagawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry (Japanese Association of Bio-intelligence for Well-being), Shibaura Institute of Technology, 3-7-5 Toyosu, Kohto-ku, Tokyo 135-8548, Japan
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12
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Steverlynck J, Sitdikov R, Rueping M. The Deuterated "Magic Methyl" Group: A Guide to Site-Selective Trideuteromethyl Incorporation and Labeling by Using CD 3 Reagents. Chemistry 2021; 27:11751-11772. [PMID: 34076925 PMCID: PMC8457246 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In the field of medicinal chemistry, the precise installation of a trideuteromethyl group is gaining ever-increasing attention. Site-selective incorporation of the deuterated "magic methyl" group can provide profound pharmacological benefits and can be considered an important tool for drug optimization and development. This review provides a structured overview, according to trideuteromethylation reagent, of currently established methods for site-selective trideuteromethylation of carbon atoms. In addition to CD3 , the selective introduction of CD2 H and CDH2 groups is also considered. For all methods, the corresponding mechanism and scope are discussed whenever reported. As such, this review can be a starting point for synthetic chemists to further advance trideuteromethylation methodologies. At the same time, this review aims to be a guide for medicinal chemists, offering them the available C-CD3 formation strategies for the preparation of new or modified drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joost Steverlynck
- Kaust Catalysis Center (KCC)King Abdullah University Science and Technology (KAUST)Thuwal23955-6900Saudi Arabia
| | - Ruzal Sitdikov
- Kaust Catalysis Center (KCC)King Abdullah University Science and Technology (KAUST)Thuwal23955-6900Saudi Arabia
| | - Magnus Rueping
- Kaust Catalysis Center (KCC)King Abdullah University Science and Technology (KAUST)Thuwal23955-6900Saudi Arabia
- Institute for Experimental Molecular ImagingRWTH Aachen UniversityForckenbeckstrasse 5552074Aachen
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13
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Saito F, Gerbig D, Becker J, Schreiner PR. Breaking the Symmetry of a Meso Compound by Isotopic Substitution: Synthesis and Stereochemical Assignment of Monodeuterated cis-Perhydroazulene. Org Lett 2021; 23:113-117. [PMID: 33306399 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c03795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis and absolute configuration of monodeuterated cis-perhydroazulene (d1-1), which is a rare example of an isotopically chiral hydrocarbon whose synthesis and stereochemical analysis are known to be particularly difficult. The synthesis features nickel-boride-catalyzed deuteration that allowed formation of the diastereomerically pure cis-fused bicyclic system in d1-1. The vibrational circular dichroism results are in excellent agreement with the computed spectrum at ωB97XD/aug-cc-pVTZ, allowing unambiguous assignment of the absolute configuration of d1-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumito Saito
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Dennis Gerbig
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Jonathan Becker
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Peter R Schreiner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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14
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Naret T, Lesot P, Puente AR, Polavarapu PL, Buisson DA, Crassous J, Pieters G, Feuillastre S. Chemical Synthesis of [ 2H]-Ethyl Tosylate and Exploration of Its Crypto-optically Active Character Combining Complementary Spectroscopic Tools. Org Lett 2020; 22:8846-8849. [PMID: 33141582 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c03219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Small chiral molecules are excellent candidates to push the boundaries of enantiodiscrimination analytical techniques. Here is reported the synthesis of two new deuterated chiral probes, (R)- and (S)-[2H]-ethyl tosylate, obtained with high enantiomeric excesses. Due to their crypto-optically active properties, the discrimination of each enantiomer is challenging. Whereas their enantiopurity is determined by 2H NMR in chiral anisotropic media, their identification was performed by combining quantum chemical calculations and vibrational circular dichroism analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothée Naret
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SCBM, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Philippe Lesot
- Université Paris-Saclay, ICMMO, UMR CNRS 8182, RMN en Milieu Orienté, F-91405 Orsay cedex, France
| | - Andrew R Puente
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Prasad L Polavarapu
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - David-Alexandre Buisson
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SCBM, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Jeanne Crassous
- Univ. Rennes, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR CNRS 6226, Campus de Beaulieu, F-35042 Rennes cedex, France
| | - Grégory Pieters
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SCBM, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Sophie Feuillastre
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SCBM, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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15
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Merten C. Recent Advances in the Application of Vibrational Circular Dichroism Spectroscopy for the Characterization of Asymmetric Catalysts. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Merten
- Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie Organische Chemie II Ruhr Universität Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 44801 Bochum Germany
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16
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Saito F, Schreiner PR. Determination of the Absolute Configurations of Chiral Alkanes – An Analysis of the Available Tools. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fumito Saito
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Justus Liebig University Heinrich‐Buff‐Ring 17 35392 Giessen Germany
| | - Peter R. Schreiner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Justus Liebig University Heinrich‐Buff‐Ring 17 35392 Giessen Germany
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17
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Cohen Y, Cohen A, Marek I. Creating Stereocenters within Acyclic Systems by C–C Bond Cleavage of Cyclopropanes. Chem Rev 2020; 121:140-161. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yair Cohen
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion − Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 3200009, Israel
| | - Anthony Cohen
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion − Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 3200009, Israel
| | - Ilan Marek
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion − Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 3200009, Israel
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18
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Saito F, Gerbig D, Becker J, Schreiner PR. Absolute Configuration of trans-Perhydroazulene. Org Lett 2020; 22:3895-3899. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fumito Saito
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Dennis Gerbig
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Jonathan Becker
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Peter R. Schreiner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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19
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Lesot P, Aroulanda C, Berdagué P, Meddour A, Merlet D, Farjon J, Giraud N, Lafon O. Multinuclear NMR in polypeptide liquid crystals: Three fertile decades of methodological developments and analytical challenges. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 116:85-154. [PMID: 32130960 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
NMR spectroscopy of oriented samples makes accessible residual anisotropic intramolecular NMR interactions, such as chemical shift anisotropy (RCSA), dipolar coupling (RDC), and quadrupolar coupling (RQC), while preserving high spectral resolution. In addition, in a chiral aligned environment, enantiomers of chiral molecules or enantiopic elements of prochiral compounds adopt different average orientations on the NMR timescale, and hence produce distinct NMR spectra or signals. NMR spectroscopy in chiral aligned media is a powerful analytical tool, and notably provides unique information on (pro)chirality analysis, natural isotopic fractionation, stereochemistry, as well as molecular conformation and configuration. Significant progress has been made in this area over the three last decades, particularly using polypeptide-based chiral liquid crystals (CLCs) made of organic solutions of helically chiral polymers (as PBLG) in organic solvents. This review presents an overview of NMR in polymeric LCs. In particular, we describe the theoretical tools and the major NMR methods that have been developed and applied to study (pro)chiral molecules dissolved in such oriented solvents. We also discuss the representative applications illustrating the analytical potential of this original NMR tool. This overview article is dedicated to thirty years of original contributions to the development of NMR spectroscopy in polypeptide-based chiral liquid crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Lesot
- Université Paris Sud/Université Paris-Saclay, UMR CNRS 8182, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, ICMMO, Equipe RMN en Milieu Orienté, Bât. 410, 15 rue du Doyen Georges Poitou, F-91405 Orsay cedex, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), France.
| | - Christie Aroulanda
- Université Paris Sud/Université Paris-Saclay, UMR CNRS 8182, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, ICMMO, Equipe RMN en Milieu Orienté, Bât. 410, 15 rue du Doyen Georges Poitou, F-91405 Orsay cedex, France
| | - Philippe Berdagué
- Université Paris Sud/Université Paris-Saclay, UMR CNRS 8182, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, ICMMO, Equipe RMN en Milieu Orienté, Bât. 410, 15 rue du Doyen Georges Poitou, F-91405 Orsay cedex, France
| | - Abdelkrim Meddour
- Université Paris Sud/Université Paris-Saclay, UMR CNRS 8182, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, ICMMO, Equipe RMN en Milieu Orienté, Bât. 410, 15 rue du Doyen Georges Poitou, F-91405 Orsay cedex, France
| | - Denis Merlet
- Université Paris Sud/Université Paris-Saclay, UMR CNRS 8182, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, ICMMO, Equipe RMN en Milieu Orienté, Bât. 410, 15 rue du Doyen Georges Poitou, F-91405 Orsay cedex, France
| | - Jonathan Farjon
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), France; Faculté des Sciences et Techniques de Nantes, UMR CNRS 6230, Chimie et Interdisciplinarité, Synthèse, Analyse, Modélisation, CEISAM, Equipe EBSI, BP 92208, 2 rue de la Houssinière, F-44322 Nantes cedex 3, France
| | - Nicolas Giraud
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR CNRS 8601, Laboratory of Pharmacological and Toxicological Chemistry and Biochemistry, LPTCB, 45 rue des Saints Pères, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Olivier Lafon
- Universite de Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, ENSCL, Univ. Artois, UMR CNRS 8181, Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, UCCS, F-59000 Lille, France; Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), France
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20
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Miura T, Nakamuro T, Nagata Y, Moriyama D, Stewart SG, Murakami M. Asymmetric Synthesis and Stereochemical Assignment of 12C/ 13C Isotopomers. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:13341-13345. [PMID: 31408332 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b07181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A synthesis of chiral hydrocarbons having C1 axis and C3 symmetry, which owe their chirality due to asymmetrical distribution of 12C/13C isotopes, is reported. Their absolute configurations assigned using the vibrational circular dichroism technique conform with those deduced from the absolute configurations of the parent α-formyl cyclopropanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Miura
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry , Kyoto University , Katsura, Kyoto 615-8510 , Japan
| | - Takayuki Nakamuro
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry , Kyoto University , Katsura, Kyoto 615-8510 , Japan
| | - Yuuya Nagata
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry , Kyoto University , Katsura, Kyoto 615-8510 , Japan
| | - Daisuke Moriyama
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry , Kyoto University , Katsura, Kyoto 615-8510 , Japan
| | - Scott G Stewart
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry , Kyoto University , Katsura, Kyoto 615-8510 , Japan
| | - Masahiro Murakami
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry , Kyoto University , Katsura, Kyoto 615-8510 , Japan
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21
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Merten C, Golub TP, Kreienborg NM. Absolute Configurations of Synthetic Molecular Scaffolds from Vibrational CD Spectroscopy. J Org Chem 2019; 84:8797-8814. [PMID: 31046276 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b00466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) spectroscopy is one of the most powerful techniques for the determination of absolute configurations (AC), as it does not require any specific UV/vis chromophores, no chemical derivatization, and no growth of suitable crystals. In the past decade, it has become increasingly recognized by chemists from various fields of synthetic chemistry such as total synthesis and drug discovery as well as from developers of asymmetric catalysts. This perspective article gives an overview about the most important experimental aspects of a VCD-based AC determination and explains the theoretical analysis. The comparison of experimental and computational spectra that leads to the final conclusion about the AC of the target molecules is described. In addition, the review summarizes unique VCD studies carried out in the period 2008-2018 that focus on the determination of unknown ACs of new compounds, which were obtained in its enantiopure form either through direct asymmetric synthesis or chiral chromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Merten
- Ruhr Universität Bochum , Organische Chemie II , Universitätsstraße 150 , 44780 Bochum , Germany
| | - Tino P Golub
- Ruhr Universität Bochum , Organische Chemie II , Universitätsstraße 150 , 44780 Bochum , Germany
| | - Nora M Kreienborg
- Ruhr Universität Bochum , Organische Chemie II , Universitätsstraße 150 , 44780 Bochum , Germany
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22
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Lesot P, Berdagué P, Meddour A, Kreiter A, Noll M, Reggelin M. 2 H and 13 C NMR-Based Enantiodetection Using Polyacetylene versus Polypeptide Aligning Media: Versatile and Complementary Tools for Chemists. Chempluschem 2019; 84:144-153. [PMID: 31950698 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201800493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the practical/analytical potential of an L-valine-derived polyacetylene (PLA) lyotropic liquid crystal (LLC) is examined to spectrally discriminate enantiomers (racemic mixture) or enantiotopic directions of a large collection (23) of (pro)chiral model compounds (from rigid to flexible and polar to apolar ones), thus covering various important aspects of enantiomorphism. Experimental 2 H-{1 H} (deuterated analytes and at natural abundance level) and 13 C-{1 H} NMR results are discussed in terms of the difference of 2 H-RQCs or 13 C-RCSAs and compared to those obtained in polypeptide-type LLCs (PBLG). The analysis of the NMR results provides an overview of the enantiodifferentiation capabilities of PLA and gives useful/practical hints for the chemist to select the most appropriate chiral oriented system. Astonishing NAD NMR results were obtained in the case of one of the simplest, chiral alkanes, 3-methylhexane. From a theoretical viewpoint, the data collected highlight the key molecular factors involved in orientation/discrimination processes, as a basis for optimizing computational prediction (molecular dynamics simulation), as well as designing novel helically chiral polymers as new enantiodiscriminating aligning media. In addition, a new, robust and efficient protocol to synthesize PLA and its enantiomer (PDA) on a large scale and with small polydispersities is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Lesot
- RMN en Milieu Orienté, ICMMO, UMR CNRS 8182, Université Paris-Sud/Université Paris-Saclay, Bât. 410, 91405, Orsay cedex, France
| | - Philippe Berdagué
- RMN en Milieu Orienté, ICMMO, UMR CNRS 8182, Université Paris-Sud/Université Paris-Saclay, Bât. 410, 91405, Orsay cedex, France
| | - Abdelkrim Meddour
- RMN en Milieu Orienté, ICMMO, UMR CNRS 8182, Université Paris-Sud/Université Paris-Saclay, Bât. 410, 91405, Orsay cedex, France
| | - Alexander Kreiter
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 4, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Markus Noll
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 4, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Michael Reggelin
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 4, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
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23
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Gerbig D, Desch S, Schreiner PR. Making Glycine Methyl Ester Chiral. Chemistry 2018; 24:11904-11907. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201802119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Gerbig
- Institute of Organic ChemistryJustus-Liebig University Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17 35392 Giessen Germany
| | - Sarina Desch
- Institute of Organic ChemistryJustus-Liebig University Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17 35392 Giessen Germany
| | - Peter R. Schreiner
- Institute of Organic ChemistryJustus-Liebig University Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17 35392 Giessen Germany
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24
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Willistein M, Haas J, Fuchs J, Estelmann S, Ferlaino S, Müller M, Lüdeke S, Boll M. Enantioselective Enzymatic Naphthoyl Ring Reduction. Chemistry 2018; 24:12505-12508. [PMID: 29932261 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201802683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Birch reductions of aromatic hydrocarbons by means of single-electron-transfer steps depend on alkali metals, ammonia, and cryogenic reaction conditions. In contrast, 2-naphthoyl-coenzyme A (2-NCoA) and 5,6-dihydro-2-NCoA (5,6-DHNCoA) reductases catalyze two two-electron reductions of the naphthoyl-ring system to tetrahydronaphthoyl-CoA at ambient temperature. Using a number of substrate analogues, we provide evidence for a Meisenheimer complex-analogous intermediate during 2-NCoA reduction, whereas the subsequent reduction of 5,6-dihydro-2-NCoA is suggested to proceed via an unprecedented cationic transition state. Using vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) spectroscopy, we demonstrate that both enzymatic reductions are highly stereoselective in D2 O, providing an enantioselective pathway to products inaccessible by Birch reduction. Moreover, we demonstrate the power of VCD spectroscopy to determine the absolute configuration of isotopically engendered alicyclic stereocenters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Willistein
- Institute of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Julian Haas
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jonathan Fuchs
- Institute of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Estelmann
- Institute of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sascha Ferlaino
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael Müller
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Steffen Lüdeke
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Boll
- Institute of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
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25
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Ebeling D, Šekutor M, Stiefermann M, Tschakert J, Dahl JEP, Carlson RMK, Schirmeisen A, Schreiner PR. Assigning the absolute configuration of single aliphatic molecules by visual inspection. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2420. [PMID: 29925833 PMCID: PMC6010418 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04843-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Deciphering absolute configuration of a single molecule by direct visual inspection is the next step in compound identification, with far-reaching implications for medicinal chemistry, pharmacology, and natural product synthesis. We demonstrate the feasibility of this approach utilizing low temperature atomic force microscopy (AFM) with a CO-functionalized tip to determine the absolute configuration and orientation of a single, adsorbed [123]tetramantane molecule, the smallest chiral diamondoid. We differentiate between single enantiomers on Cu(111) by direct visual inspection, and furthermore identify molecular dimers and molecular clusters. The experimental results are confirmed by a computational study that allowed quantification of the corresponding intermolecular interactions. The unique toolset of absolute configuration determination combined with AFM tip manipulation opens a route for studying molecular nucleation, including chirality-driven assembly or reaction mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ebeling
- Institute of Applied Physics, Justus-Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Marina Šekutor
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Justus-Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Marvin Stiefermann
- Institute of Applied Physics, Justus-Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Jalmar Tschakert
- Institute of Applied Physics, Justus-Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Jeremy E P Dahl
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Robert M K Carlson
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - André Schirmeisen
- Institute of Applied Physics, Justus-Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Peter R Schreiner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Justus-Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
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26
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Maeda K, Hirose D, Okoshi N, Shimomura K, Wada Y, Ikai T, Kanoh S, Yashima E. Direct Detection of Hardly Detectable Hidden Chirality of Hydrocarbons and Deuterated Isotopomers by a Helical Polyacetylene through Chiral Amplification and Memory. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:3270-3276. [PMID: 29325413 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b10981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We report the first direct chirality sensing of a series of chiral hydrocarbons and isotopically chiral compounds (deuterated isotopomers), which are almost impossible to detect by conventional optical spectroscopic methods, by a stereoregular polyacetylene bearing 2,2'-biphenol-derived pendants. The polyacetylene showed a circular dichroism due to a preferred-handed helix formation in response to the hardly detectable hidden chirality of saturated tertiary or chiroptical quaternary hydrocarbons, and deuterated isotopomers. In sharp contrast to the previously reported sensory systems, the chirality detection by the polyacetylene relies on an excess one-handed helix formation induced by the chiral hydrocarbons and deuterated isotopomers via significant amplification of the chirality followed by its static memory, through which chiral information on the minute and hidden chirality can be stored as an excess of a single-handed helix memory for a long time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Eiji Yashima
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering , Nagoya University , Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603 , Japan
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27
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Taniguchi T. Analysis of Molecular Configuration and Conformation by (Electronic and) Vibrational Circular Dichroism: Theoretical Calculation and Exciton Chirality Method. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2017. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20170113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tohru Taniguchi
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Frontier Research Center for Advanced Material and Life Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 21 Nishi 11, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021
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28
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Dian L, Müller DS, Marek I. Asymmetric Copper-Catalyzed Carbomagnesiation of Cyclopropenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201701094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Longyang Dian
- The Mallat Family Laboratory of Organic Chemistry; Schulich Faculty of Chemistry and the Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry; Technion-Israel Institute of Technology; Haifa 3200009 Israel
| | - Daniel S. Müller
- The Mallat Family Laboratory of Organic Chemistry; Schulich Faculty of Chemistry and the Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry; Technion-Israel Institute of Technology; Haifa 3200009 Israel
| | - Ilan Marek
- The Mallat Family Laboratory of Organic Chemistry; Schulich Faculty of Chemistry and the Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry; Technion-Israel Institute of Technology; Haifa 3200009 Israel
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29
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Dian L, Müller DS, Marek I. Asymmetric Copper-Catalyzed Carbomagnesiation of Cyclopropenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:6783-6787. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201701094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Longyang Dian
- The Mallat Family Laboratory of Organic Chemistry; Schulich Faculty of Chemistry and the Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry; Technion-Israel Institute of Technology; Haifa 3200009 Israel
| | - Daniel S. Müller
- The Mallat Family Laboratory of Organic Chemistry; Schulich Faculty of Chemistry and the Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry; Technion-Israel Institute of Technology; Haifa 3200009 Israel
| | - Ilan Marek
- The Mallat Family Laboratory of Organic Chemistry; Schulich Faculty of Chemistry and the Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry; Technion-Israel Institute of Technology; Haifa 3200009 Israel
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30
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Miura T, Nakamuro T, Stewart SG, Nagata Y, Murakami M. Synthesis of EnantiopureC3-Symmetric Triangular Molecules. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201612585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Miura
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry; Kyoto University, Katsura; Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Takayuki Nakamuro
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry; Kyoto University, Katsura; Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Scott G. Stewart
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry; Kyoto University, Katsura; Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry; The University of Western Australia; Australia
| | - Yuuya Nagata
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry; Kyoto University, Katsura; Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Masahiro Murakami
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry; Kyoto University, Katsura; Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
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31
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Miura T, Nakamuro T, Stewart SG, Nagata Y, Murakami M. Synthesis of EnantiopureC3-Symmetric Triangular Molecules. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:3334-3338. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201612585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Miura
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry; Kyoto University, Katsura; Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Takayuki Nakamuro
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry; Kyoto University, Katsura; Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Scott G. Stewart
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry; Kyoto University, Katsura; Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry; The University of Western Australia; Australia
| | - Yuuya Nagata
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry; Kyoto University, Katsura; Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Masahiro Murakami
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry; Kyoto University, Katsura; Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
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32
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Merten C. Vibrational optical activity as probe for intermolecular interactions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:18803-18812. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp02544k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A detailed VCD spectroscopic analysis of well-selected chiral model systems can give valuable and unprecedented insights into intermolecular interactions such as solvation or reactant–substrate binding in catalysis.
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33
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Haimov E, Nairoukh Z, Shterenberg A, Berkovitz T, Jamison TF, Marek I. Stereoselective Formation of Fully Substituted Ketone Enolates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201601883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Haimov
- The Mallat Family Laboratory of Organic Chemistry Schulich Faculty of Chemistry and Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry Technion-Israel Institute of Technology Technion City Haifa 3200009 Israel
| | - Zackaria Nairoukh
- The Mallat Family Laboratory of Organic Chemistry Schulich Faculty of Chemistry and Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry Technion-Israel Institute of Technology Technion City Haifa 3200009 Israel
| | - Alexander Shterenberg
- The Mallat Family Laboratory of Organic Chemistry Schulich Faculty of Chemistry and Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry Technion-Israel Institute of Technology Technion City Haifa 3200009 Israel
| | - Tiran Berkovitz
- The Mallat Family Laboratory of Organic Chemistry Schulich Faculty of Chemistry and Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry Technion-Israel Institute of Technology Technion City Haifa 3200009 Israel
| | - Timothy F. Jamison
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology Department of Chemistry 77 Massachusetts Ave., Bldg 18–590 Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Ilan Marek
- The Mallat Family Laboratory of Organic Chemistry Schulich Faculty of Chemistry and Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry Technion-Israel Institute of Technology Technion City Haifa 3200009 Israel
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Haimov E, Nairoukh Z, Shterenberg A, Berkovitz T, Jamison TF, Marek I. Stereoselective Formation of Fully Substituted Ketone Enolates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:5517-20. [PMID: 27027778 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201601883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The application of stereochemically defined acyclic fully substituted enolates of ketones to the enantioselective synthesis of quaternary carbon stereocenters would be highly valuable. Herein, we describe an approach leading to the formation of several new stereogenic centers through a combined metalation-addition of a carbonyl-carbamoyl transfer to reveal in situ stereodefined α,α-disubstituted enolates of ketone as a single stereoisomer. This approach could produce a series of aldol and Mannich products from enol carbamate with excellent diastereomeric ratios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Haimov
- The Mallat Family Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Schulich Faculty of Chemistry and Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa, 3200009, Israel
| | - Zackaria Nairoukh
- The Mallat Family Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Schulich Faculty of Chemistry and Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa, 3200009, Israel
| | - Alexander Shterenberg
- The Mallat Family Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Schulich Faculty of Chemistry and Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa, 3200009, Israel
| | - Tiran Berkovitz
- The Mallat Family Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Schulich Faculty of Chemistry and Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa, 3200009, Israel
| | - Timothy F Jamison
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Bldg 18-590, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Ilan Marek
- The Mallat Family Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Schulich Faculty of Chemistry and Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa, 3200009, Israel.
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