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Komiya N, Ikeshita M, Tosaki K, Sato A, Itami N, Naota T. Catalytic Enantioselective Rotation of Watermill‐Shaped Dinuclear Pd Complexes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Naruyoshi Komiya
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science Osaka University Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531 Japan
- Chemistry Laboratory The Jikei University School of Medicine Kokuryo, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8570 Japan
| | - Masahiro Ikeshita
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science Osaka University Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Koichi Tosaki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science Osaka University Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Atsushi Sato
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science Osaka University Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Nao Itami
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science Osaka University Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Takeshi Naota
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science Osaka University Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531 Japan
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Abstract
Three distinct four-component supramolecular nanorotors were prepared, using, for the first time, bipyridine instead of phenanthroline stations in the stator. Following our established self-sorting protocol to multicomponent nanodevices, the nanorotors were self-assembled by mixing the stator, rotators with various pyridine head groups, copper(I) ions and 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO). Whereas the exchange of a phenanthroline vs. a bipyridine station did not entail significant changes in the rotational exchange frequency, the para-substituents at the pyridine head group of the rotator had drastic consequences on the speed: 4-OMe (k298 = 35 kHz), 4-H (k298 = 77 kHz) and 4-NO2 (k298 = 843 kHz). The exchange frequency (log k) showed an excellent linear correlation with both the Hammett substituent constants and log K of the copper(I)–ligand interaction, proving that rotator–copper(I) bond cleavage is the key determining factor in the rate-determining step.
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Schmittel M, Howlader P. Toward Molecular Cybernetics - the Art of Communicating Chemical Systems. CHEM REC 2020; 21:523-543. [PMID: 33350570 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202000126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The emerging field of molecular cybernetics has the potential to widely broaden our perception of chemistry. Chemistry will develop beyond its current focus that is mainly concerned with single transformations, pure compounds, and/or defined mixtures. On this way, chemistry will become autonomous, networked and smart through communicating molecules each of which serves a control engineering purpose, like the set of wheels in the machinery of life. The present personal account describes our latest developments in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Schmittel
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein Str. 2, 57068, Siegen, Germany
| | - Prodip Howlader
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein Str. 2, 57068, Siegen, Germany
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Prigorchenko E, Ustrnul L, Borovkov V, Aav R. Heterocomponent ternary supramolecular complexes of porphyrins: A review. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2020. [DOI: 10.1142/s108842461930026x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Porphyrins are prominent host molecules which are widely used due to their structural characteristics and directional interaction sites. This review summarizes non-covalently bound ternary complexes of porphyrins, constructed from at least three non-identical species. Progress in supramolecular chemistry allows the creation of complex molecular machinery tools, such as rotors, motors and switches from relatively simple structures in a single self-assembly step. In the current review, we highlight the collection of sophisticated molecular ensembles including sandwich-type complexes, cages, capsules, tweezers, rotaxanes, and supramolecular architectures mediating oxygen-binding and oxidation reactions. These diverse structures have high potential to be applied in sensing, production of new smart materials as well as in medical science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Prigorchenko
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, Tallinn 12618, Estonia
| | - Lukas Ustrnul
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, Tallinn 12618, Estonia
| | - Victor Borovkov
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, Tallinn 12618, Estonia
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, 182 Minzu Road, Hongshan, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Riina Aav
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, Tallinn 12618, Estonia
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Paul I, Ghosh A, Bolte M, Schmittel M. Remote Control of the Synthesis of a [2]Rotaxane and its Shuttling via Metal-Ion Translocation. ChemistryOpen 2019; 8:1355-1360. [PMID: 31763127 PMCID: PMC6863578 DOI: 10.1002/open.201900293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Remote control in an eight-component network commanded both the synthesis and shuttling of a [2]rotaxane via metal-ion translocation, the latter being easily monitored by distinct colorimetric and fluorimetric signals. Addition of zinc(II) ions to the red colored copper-ion relay station rapidly liberated copper(I) ions and afforded the corresponding zinc complex that was visualized by a bright sky blue fluorescence at 460 nm. In a mixture of all eight components of the network, the liberated copper(I) ions were translocated to a macrocycle that catalyzed formation of a rotaxane by a double-click reaction of acetylenic and diazide compounds. The shuttling frequency in the copper-loaded [2]rotaxane was determined to k 298=30 kHz (ΔH ≠=62.3±0.6 kJ mol-1, ΔS ≠=50.1±5.1 J mol-1 K-1, ΔG ≠ 298=47.4 kJ mol-1). Removal of zinc(II) ions from the mixture reversed the system back generating the metal-free rotaxane. Further alternate addition and removal of Zn2+ reversibly controlled the shuttling mode of the rotaxane in this eight-component network where the ion translocation status was monitored by the naked eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indrajit Paul
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie IUniversität SiegenAdolf-Reichwein-Str. 2D-57068SiegenGermany
| | - Amit Ghosh
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie IUniversität SiegenAdolf-Reichwein-Str. 2D-57068SiegenGermany
| | - Michael Bolte
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische ChemieGoethe-Universität FrankfurtMax-von-Laue-Strasse 7D-60438Frankfurt (Main)Germany
| | - Michael Schmittel
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie IUniversität SiegenAdolf-Reichwein-Str. 2D-57068SiegenGermany
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Goswami A, Saha S, Biswas PK, Schmittel M. (Nano)mechanical Motion Triggered by Metal Coordination: from Functional Devices to Networked Multicomponent Catalytic Machinery. Chem Rev 2019; 120:125-199. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abir Goswami
- Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Strase 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - Suchismita Saha
- Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Strase 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - Pronay Kumar Biswas
- Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Strase 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - Michael Schmittel
- Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Strase 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
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Das RJ, Mahata K. Mutualistic benefit in the self-sorted co-aggregates of peri-naphthoindigo and a 4-amino-1,8-naphthalimide derivative. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:5282-5286. [PMID: 31232407 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm00454h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Photoluminescence enhancement for all the members of a self-sorted co-aggregate was observed for the first time by successfully amalgamating AIEE and social self-sorting. Intermolecular H-bonding and π-π stacking were utilised to prepare several co-aggregates of peri-naphthoindigo (PNI) and a 4-amino-1,8-naphthalimide derivative dye, NH2-NMI. In the heteromeric aggregates, photoluminescence intensities were increased by 28% for the imide and more than 400% for PNI. Due to spectral overlap between the emission of the imide and the absorption of PNI, energy transfer took place from the former to the latter. The heteromeric aggregates are dual emissive and the relative intensities of the emissions can easily be tuned by varying the stoichiometry of the dyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Jyoti Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India.
| | - Kingsuk Mahata
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India.
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Paul I, Samanta D, Gaikwad S, Schmittel M. Selective detection of DABCO using a supramolecular interconversion as fluorescence reporter. Beilstein J Org Chem 2019; 15:1371-1378. [PMID: 31293687 PMCID: PMC6604717 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.15.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The quantitative double self-sorting between the three-component rectangle [Cu4(1)2(2)2]4+ and the four-component sandwich complex [Cu2(1)(2)(4)]2+ is triggered by inclusion and release of DABCO (4). The fully reversible and clean switching between two multicomponent supramolecular architectures can be monitored by fluorescence changes at the zinc porphyrin sites. The structural changes are accompanied by a huge spatial contraction/expansion of the zinc porphyrin–zinc porphyrin distances that change from 31.2/38.8 Å to 6.6 Å and back. The supramolecular interconversion was used for the highly selective detection of DABCO in a mixture of other similar compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indrajit Paul
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - Debabrata Samanta
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - Sudhakar Gaikwad
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - Michael Schmittel
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
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Saha S, Biswas PK, Schmittel M. Reversible Interconversion of a Static Metallosupramolecular Cage Assembly into a High-Speed Rotor: Stepless Adjustment of Rotational Exchange by Nucleophile Addition. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:3466-3472. [PMID: 30789716 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b03567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The self-assembled cage ROT-1 was prepared from the pyridine-terminated rotator 1, the phenanthroline-appended stator 2, DABCO, and copper(I) ions in a ratio of 1:1:1:4. This four-component assembly is held together by two pyridine→[Cu(phenAr2)]+ as well as two DABCO→zinc porphyrin interactions (phenAr2 = 2,9-diarylphenanthroline) and does not show any motion on the NMR time scale ( k < 0.1 s-1, 298 K). However, it is converted to the fast nanorotor ROT-1 xCD3CN by addition of CD3CN [ x = (v/v)% of acetonitrile in dichloromethane] due to acceleration of both pyridine→copper(I) dissociation steps. Now the rotator is able to visit all four copper(I)-loaded phenanthroline stations of the stator. Depending on the amount of CD3CN, the exchange frequency of the nanorotor varies from 0.7 s-1 (CD3CN:CD2Cl2 = 1:29) to 8000 s-1 (CD3CN:CD2Cl2 = 1:5) at 25 °C. When iodide (I-) is added to the static assembly ROT-1, the rotational speed increases even more drastically ( k = 20 000 s-1), again due to accelerating the rate-determining pyridine→copper(I) dissociation step. In both cases, a sigmoidal relationship is established between exchange frequency and the concentration of added nucleophile (CD3CN or iodide) that suggests the presence of a cooperative effect. Reversible switching between the static assembly and fast rotor was performed several times without any decomposition of the system. In contrast, addition of the common nucleophile PPh3 to ROT-1 does not increase the rotational speed, a finding that is explained on thermodynamic grounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchismita Saha
- Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and Engineering , Organische Chemie I , Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2 , D-57068 Siegen , Germany
| | - Pronay Kumar Biswas
- Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and Engineering , Organische Chemie I , Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2 , D-57068 Siegen , Germany
| | - Michael Schmittel
- Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and Engineering , Organische Chemie I , Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2 , D-57068 Siegen , Germany
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Ayme JF, Beves JE, Campbell CJ, Leigh DA. Probing the Dynamics of the Imine-Based Pentafoil Knot and Pentameric Circular Helicate Assembly. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:3605-3612. [PMID: 30707020 PMCID: PMC6429429 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b12800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
![]()
We investigate the self-assembly
dynamics of an imine-based pentafoil
knot and related pentameric circular helicates, each derived from
a common bis(formylpyridine)bipyridyl building block, iron(II) chloride,
and either monoamines or a diamine. The mixing of circular helicates
derived from different amines led to the complete exchange of the N-alkyl residues on the periphery of the metallo-supramolecular
scaffolds over 4 days in DMSO at 60 °C. Under similar conditions,
deuterium-labeled and nonlabeled building blocks showed full dialdehyde
building block exchange over 13 days for open circular helicates but
was much slower for the analogous closed-loop pentafoil knot (>60
days). Although both knots and open circular helicates self-assemble
under thermodynamic control given sufficiently long reaction times,
this is significantly longer than the time taken to afford the maximum
product yield (2 days). Highly effective error correction occurs during
the synthesis of imine-based pentafoil molecular knots and pentameric
circular helicates despite, in practice, the systems not operating
under full thermodynamic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-François Ayme
- School of Chemistry , University of Manchester , Oxford Road , Manchester M13 9PL , United Kingdom.,School of Chemistry , University of Edinburgh , The King's Buildings, West Mains Road , Edinburgh EH9 3JJ , United Kingdom
| | - Jonathon E Beves
- School of Chemistry , University of Edinburgh , The King's Buildings, West Mains Road , Edinburgh EH9 3JJ , United Kingdom
| | - Christopher J Campbell
- School of Chemistry , University of Edinburgh , The King's Buildings, West Mains Road , Edinburgh EH9 3JJ , United Kingdom
| | - David A Leigh
- School of Chemistry , University of Manchester , Oxford Road , Manchester M13 9PL , United Kingdom.,School of Chemistry , University of Edinburgh , The King's Buildings, West Mains Road , Edinburgh EH9 3JJ , United Kingdom
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Heteroleptic copper phenanthroline complexes in motion: From stand-alone devices to multi-component machinery. Coord Chem Rev 2018; 376:478-505. [PMID: 32287354 PMCID: PMC7126816 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2018.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Two and a half decades of copper phenanthroline-based switches, devices and machines have illustrated the rich dynamic nature of these metal complexes. With an emphasis on the metal-ligand dissociation as the rate-determining step the present review summarizes not only spectacular examples of machinery, but also highlights rate data collected during a variety of investigations. Copper-ligand exchange reactions are mostly triggered by redox processes, addition of metal ions or addition of ligands. While the rate data spread over >8 orders of magnitude, individual effects of solvent, steric bulk, flexibility, σ-basicity and the trajectory (intra- vs. intermolecular dissociation) have large impact. Unfortunately, in many cases the exact mechanism in the rate-determining step (nucleophile-induced vs. monomolecular metal-ligand dissociation) has not been determined, suggesting to invest further efforts in the physical (in)organic chemistry of such coordination-driven systems.
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12
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Dynamic Functional Molecular Systems: From Supramolecular Structures to Multi‐Component Machinery and to Molecular Cybernetics. Isr J Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201800124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Multi-Component Spirane Assemblies. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201800218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Ghosh A, Paul I, Adlung M, Wickleder C, Schmittel M. Oscillating Emission of [2]Rotaxane Driven by Chemical Fuel. Org Lett 2018; 20:1046-1049. [PMID: 29384684 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b03996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A molecular shuttle consisting of a dibenzo-24-crown-8 macrocycle and an axle with two degenerate peripheral triazolium stations, a central dibenzyl ammonium station, and two anthracenes stoppers was exposed to 2-cyano-2-phenylpropanoic acid as a chemical fuel. Protonation/deprotonation of the amine reversibly switches the rotaxane from a static and little emissive to a dynamic fluorescent shuttling device, the latter exhibiting rapid motion (15 kHz at 25 °C). Four fuel cycles were run.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Ghosh
- Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and Engineering , Organische Chemie I, Adolf-Reichwein-Strasse 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - Indrajit Paul
- Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and Engineering , Organische Chemie I, Adolf-Reichwein-Strasse 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - Matthias Adlung
- Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and Engineering , Anorganische Chemie II, Adolf-Reichwein-Strasse 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - Claudia Wickleder
- Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and Engineering , Anorganische Chemie II, Adolf-Reichwein-Strasse 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - Michael Schmittel
- Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and Engineering , Organische Chemie I, Adolf-Reichwein-Strasse 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
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Goswami A, Pramanik S, Schmittel M. Catalytically active nanorotor reversibly self-assembled by chemical signaling within an eight-component network. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:3955-3958. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc01496e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
As an example of advanced molecular cybernetics eight components work together through chemical signaling reversibly setting up multifunctional nanomachinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abir Goswami
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering
- Organische Chemie I
- Universität Siegen
- D-57068 Siegen
- Germany
| | - Susnata Pramanik
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering
- Organische Chemie I
- Universität Siegen
- D-57068 Siegen
- Germany
| | - Michael Schmittel
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering
- Organische Chemie I
- Universität Siegen
- D-57068 Siegen
- Germany
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From Self-Sorting of Dynamic Metal–Ligand Motifs to (Supra)Molecular Machinery in Action. ADVANCES IN INORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.adioch.2017.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Paul I, Goswami A, Mittal N, Schmittel M. Catalytic Three-Component Machinery: Control of Catalytic Activity by Machine Speed. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 57:354-358. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201709644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Indrajit Paul
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I; University of Siegen; Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2 57068 Siegen Germany
| | - Abir Goswami
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I; University of Siegen; Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2 57068 Siegen Germany
| | - Nikita Mittal
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I; University of Siegen; Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2 57068 Siegen Germany
| | - Michael Schmittel
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I; University of Siegen; Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2 57068 Siegen Germany
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Paul I, Goswami A, Mittal N, Schmittel M. Katalytische Drei-Komponenten-Maschinen: Steuerung der katalytischen Aktivität mittels Maschinengeschwindigkeit. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201709644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Indrajit Paul
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I; Universität Siegen; Adolf-Reichwein-Straße 2 57068 Siegen Deutschland
| | - Abir Goswami
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I; Universität Siegen; Adolf-Reichwein-Straße 2 57068 Siegen Deutschland
| | - Nikita Mittal
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I; Universität Siegen; Adolf-Reichwein-Straße 2 57068 Siegen Deutschland
| | - Michael Schmittel
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I; Universität Siegen; Adolf-Reichwein-Straße 2 57068 Siegen Deutschland
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Samanta SK, Quigley J, Vinciguerra B, Briken V, Isaacs L. Cucurbit[7]uril Enables Multi-Stimuli-Responsive Release from the Self-Assembled Hydrophobic Phase of a Metal Organic Polyhedron. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:9066-9074. [PMID: 28621947 PMCID: PMC5570531 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b05154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mixed self-assembly of ligands 1, 2, 1,6-hexanediamine (HDA), and Pd(NO3)2 afforded Fujita-type metal organic polyhedron MOP1 (diameter ≈ 8.2 nm), which is covalently functionalized with an average of 18 cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]) units, as evidenced by 1H NMR, diffusion-ordered spectroscopy NMR, and transmission electron microscopy measurements. By virtue of the host-guest properties of CB[7], the inner cavity of MOP can be rendered hydrophobic by using octadecyl HDA (3) as guest during the self-assembly process. The hydrophobic cavity was successfully utilized to trap the hydrophobic dye Nile Red (NR) and the anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX). The stimuli-responsive release of encapsulated NR or DOX occurs (1) upon addition of a competitive binder (e.g., adamantane ammonium (ADA)) for CB[7], (2) by a dual pH-chemical stimulus involving the protonation state change of adamantane carboxylate at pH 5.8, and (3) by a dual pH-photochemical stimulus involving photoisomerization of trans-6 to cis-6 at pH 5.8. NR is released from NR@MOP2 within HeLa cancer cells. This body of work suggests that the covalent attachment of cucurbit[n]uril to metal organic polyhedra constitutes a promising vehicle for the development of both diagnostic and therapeutic nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumen K. Samanta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 (USA)
| | - Jeffrey Quigley
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 (USA)
| | - Brittany Vinciguerra
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 (USA)
| | - Volker Briken
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 (USA)
| | - Lyle Isaacs
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 (USA)
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Zhang Z, Wang H, Wang X, Li Y, Song B, Bolarinwa O, Reese RA, Zhang T, Wang XQ, Cai J, Xu B, Wang M, Liu C, Yang HB, Li X. Supersnowflakes: Stepwise Self-Assembly and Dynamic Exchange of Rhombus Star-Shaped Supramolecules. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:8174-8185. [PMID: 28558196 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b01326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
With the goal of increasing the complexity of metallo-supramolecules, two rhombus star-shaped supramolecular architectures, namely, supersnowflakes, were designed and assembled using multiple 2,2':6',2″-terpyridine (tpy) ligands in a stepwise manner. In the design of multicomponent self-assembly, ditopic and tritopic ligands were bridged through Ru(II) with strong coordination to form metal-organic ligands for the subsequent self-assembly with a hexatopic ligand and Zn(II). The combination of Ru(II)-organic ligands with high stability and Zn(II) ions with weak coordination played a key role in the self-assembly of giant heteroleptic supersnowflakes, which encompassed three types of tpy-based organic ligands and two metal ions. With such a stepwise strategy, the self-sorting of individual building blocks was prevented from forming the undesired assemblies, e.g., small macrocycles and coordination polymers. Furthermore, the intra- and intermolecular dynamic exchange study of two supersnowflakes by NMR and mass spectrometry revealed the remarkable stability of these giant supramolecular complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Central China Normal University , Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China.,Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida , Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Heng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida , Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Texas State University , San Marcos, Texas 78666, United States
| | - Yiming Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida , Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Bo Song
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida , Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Olapeju Bolarinwa
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida , Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - R Alexander Reese
- Single Molecule Study Laboratory, College of Engineering and Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center, University of Georgia , Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Tong Zhang
- Single Molecule Study Laboratory, College of Engineering and Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center, University of Georgia , Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Xu-Qing Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, Department of Chemistry, East China Normal University , Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Jianfeng Cai
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida , Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Bingqian Xu
- Single Molecule Study Laboratory, College of Engineering and Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center, University of Georgia , Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Ming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University , Changchun, Jilin 130012, China
| | - Changlin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Central China Normal University , Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
| | - Hai-Bo Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, Department of Chemistry, East China Normal University , Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida , Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
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21
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Biswas PK, Saha S, Nanaji Y, Rana A, Schmittel M. Influence of Rotator Design on the Speed of Self-Assembled Four-Component Nanorotors: Coordinative Versus Dispersive Interactions. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:6662-6670. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b00740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pronay Kumar Biswas
- Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and
Engineering, University of Siegen, Adolf−Reichwein−Str.
2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - Suchismita Saha
- Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and
Engineering, University of Siegen, Adolf−Reichwein−Str.
2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - Yerramsetti Nanaji
- Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and
Engineering, University of Siegen, Adolf−Reichwein−Str.
2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - Anup Rana
- Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and
Engineering, University of Siegen, Adolf−Reichwein−Str.
2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - Michael Schmittel
- Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and
Engineering, University of Siegen, Adolf−Reichwein−Str.
2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
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22
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Samanta SK, Brady KG, Isaacs L. Self-assembly of cucurbit[7]uril based triangular [4]molecular necklaces and their fluorescence properties. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:2756-2759. [PMID: 28210729 PMCID: PMC5382929 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc10328f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Self-assembly of rigid-rod dipyridine ligand 1 with M(en)(NO3)2 (M = Pd, Pt) affords triangular (3, 5) and square (4, 6) supramolecular coordination complexes (SCCs). The binding affinity of 1 toward CB[n]-type containers results in the formation of triangular [4]molecular necklaces ([4]MNs, 7-10) by either one-pot or post complexation approaches as evidenced by 1H NMR, diffusion ordered spectroscopy, and ESI-MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumen K Samanta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
| | - Kimberly G Brady
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
| | - Lyle Isaacs
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
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23
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Özer MS, Rana A, Biswas PK, Schmittel M. Four-component zinc-porphyrin/zinc-salphen nanorotor. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:9491-9497. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt01323j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
An off-axis supramolecular rotor was composed of four components: a zinc-porphyrin based stator with four phenanthroline stations and a zinc-salphen based rotator were self-assembled with DABCO and four copper(i) ions to furnish the rotor ROT-2 in quantitative yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve S. Özer
- Center for Micro- and Nanochemistry and Engineering
- Organische Chemie I
- Universität Siegen
- D-57068 Siegen
- Germany
| | - Anup Rana
- Center for Micro- and Nanochemistry and Engineering
- Organische Chemie I
- Universität Siegen
- D-57068 Siegen
- Germany
| | - Pronay K. Biswas
- Center for Micro- and Nanochemistry and Engineering
- Organische Chemie I
- Universität Siegen
- D-57068 Siegen
- Germany
| | - Michael Schmittel
- Center for Micro- and Nanochemistry and Engineering
- Organische Chemie I
- Universität Siegen
- D-57068 Siegen
- Germany
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24
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Samanta D, Paul I, Schmittel M. Supramolecular five-component nano-oscillator. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:9709-9712. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc05235a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A five-component self-sorted metallo-supramolecular nano-oscillator was designed based on the full orthogonality of three different dynamic complexation motifs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debabrata Samanta
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering
- Organische Chemie I
- Universität Siegen
- D-57068 Siegen
- Germany
| | - Indrajit Paul
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering
- Organische Chemie I
- Universität Siegen
- D-57068 Siegen
- Germany
| | - Michael Schmittel
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering
- Organische Chemie I
- Universität Siegen
- D-57068 Siegen
- Germany
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25
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Goswami A, Paul I, Schmittel M. Three-component nanorotors generated from fusion of complexes and post-fusion metal–metal exchange. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:5186-5189. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc01977g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The fusion of two homoleptic complexes quantitatively created a novel three-component nanorotor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abir Goswami
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2
- Siegen
- Germany
| | - Indrajit Paul
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2
- Siegen
- Germany
| | - Michael Schmittel
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2
- Siegen
- Germany
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26
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Gaikwad S, Lal Saha M, Samanta D, Schmittel M. Five-component trigonal nanoprism with six dynamic corners. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:8034-8037. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc04078d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The metallo-supramolecular trigonal prism P is based on five different components and three unlike dynamic coordination motifs: the heteroleptic phenanthroline–terpyridine complex [Zn(1)(4)]2+ (HETTAP), the heteroleptic phenanthroline–pyridine complex [Cu(2)(5A)]+ (HETPYP-I), and the pyridine → zinc(ii)–porphyrin interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhakar Gaikwad
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering
- Organische Chemie I
- Universität Siegen
- D-57068 Siegen
- Germany
| | - Manik Lal Saha
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering
- Organische Chemie I
- Universität Siegen
- D-57068 Siegen
- Germany
| | - Debabrata Samanta
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering
- Organische Chemie I
- Universität Siegen
- D-57068 Siegen
- Germany
| | - Michael Schmittel
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering
- Organische Chemie I
- Universität Siegen
- D-57068 Siegen
- Germany
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27
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Abstract
In our quest to develop artificial multistate devices, we synthesized the nanomechanical switch 1 that is characterized by a tetrahedral core equipped with four pending arms. The rotary arm with its azaterpyridine terminal is intramolecularly coordinated to a zinc(II) porphyrin station that is the terminus of another arm in 1. The two other arms carry identical sterically shielded phenanthroline stations. The 2-fold alternate addition of a copper(I) ion and [1,10]-phenanthroline (1 equiv each) results in the formation of five different switching states (State I→ State II→ State III→ State IV→ State V → State I), which force the toggling arm to move back and forth between the zinc(II) porphyrin and phenanthroline stations separated by a distance of 25 Å. All switching states constitute clean single species, except for State III, and thus are fully characterized by spectroscopic methods and elemental analysis. Finally, the initial state of nanoswitch was reset by addition of cyclam for complete removal of the copper(I) ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhakar Gaikwad
- Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen , Adolf-Reichwein-Strasse-2, 57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - Michael Schmittel
- Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen , Adolf-Reichwein-Strasse-2, 57068 Siegen, Germany
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28
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Nakamura M, Kishimoto K, Kobori Y, Abe T, Yoza K, Kobayashi K. Self-Assembled Molecular Gear: A 4:1 Complex of Rh(III)Cl Tetraarylporphyrin and Tetra(p-pyridyl)cavitand. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:12564-77. [PMID: 27623394 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b07284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The components of a 4:1 mixture of Rh(III)Cl tetrakis(4-methylphenyl)porphyrin 1 and a bowl-shaped tetra(4-pyridyl)cavitand 4 self-assemble into a 4:1 complex 14•4 via Rh-pyridyl axial coordination bonds. The single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis and variable-temperature (VT) (1)H NMR study of 14•4 indicated that 14•4 behaves as a quadruple interlocking gear with an inner space, wherein (i) four subunits-1 are gear wheels and four p-pyridyl groups in subunit-4 are axes of gear wheels, (ii) one subunit-1 and two adjacent subunits-1 interlock with one another cooperatively, and (iii) four subunits-1 in 14•4 rotate quickly at 298 K on the NMR time scale. Together, the extremely strong porphyrin-Rh-pyridyl axial coordination bond, the rigidity of the methylene-bridge cavitand as a scaffold of the pyridyl axes, and the cruciform arrangement of the interdigitating p-tolyl groups as the teeth moiety of the gear wheels in the assembling 14-unit make 14•4 function as a quadruple interlocking gear in solution. The gear function of 14•4 was also supported by the rotation behaviors of other 4:1 complexes: 24•4 and 34•4 obtained from Rh(III)Cl tetrakis[4-(4-methylphenyl)phenyl]porphyrin 2 or Rh(III)Cl tetrakis(3,5-dialkoxyphenyl)porphyrin 3 and 4 also served as quadruple interlocking gears, whereas 14•5 obtained from 1 and tetrakis[4-(4-pyridyl)phenyl]cavitand 5 did not behave as a gear. The results of activation parameters (ΔH(⧧), ΔS(⧧), and ΔG(⧧)) obtained from Eyring plots based on line-shape analysis of the VT (1)H NMR spectra of 14•4, 24•4, and 34•4 also support the interlocking rotation (geared coupled rotation) mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munechika Nakamura
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shizuoka University , 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Kazuki Kishimoto
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shizuoka University , 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kobori
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University , 1-1 Rokkodaicho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Tomoka Abe
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University , 1-1 Rokkodaicho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Kenji Yoza
- Bruker axs , 3-9-B Moriya, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama 221-0022, Japan
| | - Kenji Kobayashi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shizuoka University , 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
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