1
|
Hackbarth JN, Friestad GK. A Three-Step Catalytic Asymmetric Sequence from Alkynes to α-Silyloxyaldehydes and Its Application to a C22-C41 Fragment of Bastimolide A. Org Lett 2024; 26:4492-4496. [PMID: 38753853 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
1,5-Polyol structures present challenges in stereocontrol, configurational assignment, and diastereomer separation; these are all compromised by remote stereochemical relationships. A configuration-encoded approach with alcohol configurations previously established within enantiopure building blocks offers a versatile solution to these issues. The iterative construction begins with α-silyloxyaldehydes; here, we introduce an enantioselective and step-economical route from alkynes to α-silyloxyaldehydes via silyl cation-induced ring opening of enol ester epoxides. This development enables an efficient configuration-encoded synthesis of the C22-C41 fragment of the bastimolides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob N Hackbarth
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Gregory K Friestad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cheng WF, Ma S, Lai YT, Cheung YT, Akkarasereenon K, Zhou Y, Tong R. BiBr 3 -Mediated Intramolecular Aza-Prins Cyclization of Aza-Achmatowicz Rearrangement Products: Asymmetric Total Synthesis of Suaveoline and Sarpagine Alkaloids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202311671. [PMID: 37724977 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202311671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
An intramolecular aza-Prins cyclization of aza-Achmatowicz rearrangement products was developed in which bismuth tribromide (BiBr3 ) plays a dual role as an efficient Lewis acid and source of the bromide nucleophile. This approach enables the facile construction of highly functionalized 9-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonanes (9-ABNs), which are valuable synthetic building blocks and a powerful platform for the synthesis of a variety of alkaloid natural products and drug molecules. Suitable substrates for the aza-Prins cyclization include 1,1-disubstituted alkenes, 1,2-disubstituted alkenes, alkynes, and allenes, with good to excellent yields observed. Finally, we showcase the application of this new approach to the enantioselective total synthesis of six indole alkaloids: (-)-suaveoline (1), (-)-norsuaveoline (2), (-)-macrophylline (3), (+)-normacusine B (4), (+)-Na -methyl-16-epipericyclivine (5) and (+)-affinisine (6) in a total of 9-14 steps. This study significantly expands the synthetic utility of the aza-Achmatowicz rearrangement, and the strategy (aza-Achmatowicz/aza-Prins) is expected to be applicable to the total synthesis of other members of the big family of macroline and sarpagine indole alkaloids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wai Fung Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clearwater Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shiqiang Ma
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clearwater Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yin Tung Lai
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clearwater Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuen Tsz Cheung
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clearwater Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kornkamon Akkarasereenon
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clearwater Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yiqin Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clearwater Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Rongbiao Tong
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clearwater Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sofiadis M, Xu D, Rodriguez AJ, Nissl B, Clementson S, Petersen NN, Baran PS. Convergent Total Synthesis of (-)-Cyclopamine. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:21760-21765. [PMID: 37782691 PMCID: PMC10696607 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c09085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
A concise and enantioselective total synthesis of the Veratrum alkaloid cyclopamine is disclosed. This highly convergent synthesis with a 16-step longest linear sequence (LLS) was enabled by a de novo synthesis of the trans-6,5-heterobicycle via a strain-inducing halocyclization process, a key Tsuji-Trost cyclization to construct the fully substituted, spirocyclic THF motif with exquisite diastereocontrol, and a late-stage ring-closing metathesis (RCM) reaction to forge the central tetrasubstituted olefin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manolis Sofiadis
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
| | - Dongmin Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
| | - Anthony J. Rodriguez
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
| | - Benedikt Nissl
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
| | | | | | - Phil S. Baran
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang Z, Jia J, Hu F, Xia Y. Aldehyde Olefination with Arylboroxines Enabled by Binary Rhodium Catalysis. Org Lett 2023; 25:3228-3233. [PMID: 37104730 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
A rhodium-catalyzed olefination of aliphatic aldehydes with arylboroxines is described. The simple rhodium(I) complex [Rh(cod)OH]2 without any external ligands or additives is able to catalyze the reaction in air and neutral conditions, allowing the construction of aryl olefins in an efficient manner with a good functional group tolerance. The mechanistic investigation illustrates that the binary rhodium catalysis is the key for the transformation, which involves a Rh(I)-catalyzed 1,2-addition and a Rh(III)-catalyzed elimination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Jie Jia
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Fangdong Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China
| | - Ying Xia
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ding C, Ren Y, Sun C, Long J, Yin G. Regio- and Stereoselective Alkylboration of Endocyclic Olefins Enabled by Nickel Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:20027-20034. [PMID: 34734714 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c09214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Whereas there is a significant interest in the rapid construction of diversely substituted saturated heterocycles, direct and modular access is currently limited to the mono-, 2,3-, or 3,4-substitution pattern. This Communication describes the straightforward and modular construction of 2,4-substituted saturated heterocycles from readily available materials in a highly stereo- and regioselective manner, which sets the stage for numerous readily accessible drug motifs. The strategy relies on chain walking catalysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Ding
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, P. R. China
| | - Yaoyu Ren
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, P. R. China
| | - Caocao Sun
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, P. R. China
| | - Jiao Long
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, P. R. China
| | - Guoyin Yin
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gu Y, Norton JR, Salahi F, Lisnyak VG, Zhou Z, Snyder SA. Highly Selective Hydrogenation of C═C Bonds Catalyzed by a Rhodium Hydride. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:9657-9663. [PMID: 34142805 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c04683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Under mild conditions (room temperature, 80 psi of H2) Cp*Rh(2-(2-pyridyl)phenyl)H catalyzes the selective hydrogenation of the C═C bond in α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds, including natural product precursors with bulky substituents in the β position and substrates possessing an array of additional functional groups. It also catalyzes the hydrogenation of many isolated double bonds. Mechanistic studies reveal that no radical intermediates are involved, and the catalyst appears to be homogeneous, thereby affording important complementarity to existing protocols for similar hydrogenation processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiting Gu
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, New York City, New York 10027, United States
| | - Jack R Norton
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, New York City, New York 10027, United States
| | - Farbod Salahi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, 5735 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Vladislav G Lisnyak
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, 5735 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Zhiyao Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, 5735 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Scott A Snyder
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, 5735 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lisnyak VG, Sherwood TC, Snyder SA. The Development of Reaction Cascades to Synthesize Dimeric Coccinellid Alkaloids. Acc Chem Res 2021; 54:1610-1622. [PMID: 33646762 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Over the course of the past decade, our group has been intensely interested in achieving the laboratory synthesis of varied members of the coccinellid alkaloid family of natural products. These compounds, produced by varied species of ladybugs throughout the world as defensive agents, include several polycyclic members that can formally be considered as either monomeric or dimeric with architectures that contain between 3 and 7 ring systems along with an array of stereocenters. As a result of their fascinating structures, many groups have achieved syntheses of varied monomeric members using a variety of synthetic strategies and tactics. However, no efforts to synthesize any of the dimeric structures had been reported at the time we began our studies, and only a modest amount of study had been performed as relates to their biosynthesis, with little knowledge of how the larger structures might actually arise in Nature. In this Account, we provide an overview of our general synthetic considerations to achieve a global synthesis of the collection, efforts that have led to date to the formal and total synthesis of 12 different members, 4 at the dimer level. Critical was (1) the identification of a key, common intermediate to enable access to a large number of monomeric substructures in short order, (2) careful thinking as to how the larger structures might arise biosynthetically to fuel building block design, and (3) the development of several reaction cascades that rapidly assembled the majority of their molecular complexity in single-pot operations. Key discoveries in the program include the finding that when efforts to achieve intermolecular dimerizations fail with advanced intermediates, attempts to couple more functionalized fragments earlier and then fold them into the desired structure can be an effective strategy. We also highlight suggestive evidence that a non-natural isomer we originally prepared from one of those cascades may, in fact, be a natural product. And, in particular, we will focus on how two key cascades were developed, as a result of synthetic challenges at varied points in our explorations, which proved capable of forging multiple bonds, rings, and stereocenters in the target structures. One of these includes a designed event that combined 9 different chemical reactions in a single pot and may prove useful for the synthesis of other targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vladislav G. Lisnyak
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, 5735 S. Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Trevor C. Sherwood
- Research and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Scott A. Snyder
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, 5735 S. Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chen P, Wang C, Yang R, Xu H, Wu J, Jiang H, Chen K, Ma Z. Asymmetric Total Synthesis of Dankasterones A and B and Periconiastone A Through Radical Cyclization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:5512-5518. [PMID: 33206427 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202013881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We describe herein the assembly of the cis-decalin framework through radical cyclization initiated by metal-catalyzed hydrogen atom transfer (MHAT), further applied it in the asymmetric synthesis of dankasterones A and B and periconiastone A. Position-selective C-H oxygenation allowed for installation of the necessary functionality. A radical rearrangement was adopted to create 13(14→8)abeo-8-ergostane skeleton. Interconversion of dankasterone B and periconiastone A was realized through biomimetic intramolecular aldol and retro-aldol reactions. The MHAT-based approach, serves as a new dissection means, is complementary to the conventional ways to establish cis-decalin framework.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengquan Chen
- Key Lab of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road-381, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Key Lab of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road-381, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Rui Yang
- Key Lab of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road-381, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Hongjin Xu
- Key Lab of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road-381, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Jinghua Wu
- Key Lab of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road-381, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Huanfeng Jiang
- Key Lab of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road-381, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Kai Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China.,Lab of Computational Chemistry and Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zhiqiang Ma
- Key Lab of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road-381, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chen P, Wang C, Yang R, Xu H, Wu J, Jiang H, Chen K, Ma Z. Asymmetric Total Synthesis of Dankasterones A and B and Periconiastone A Through Radical Cyclization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202013881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pengquan Chen
- Key Lab of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering South China University of Technology Wushan Road-381 Guangzhou 510641 China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Key Lab of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering South China University of Technology Wushan Road-381 Guangzhou 510641 China
| | - Rui Yang
- Key Lab of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering South China University of Technology Wushan Road-381 Guangzhou 510641 China
| | - Hongjin Xu
- Key Lab of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering South China University of Technology Wushan Road-381 Guangzhou 510641 China
| | - Jinghua Wu
- Key Lab of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering South China University of Technology Wushan Road-381 Guangzhou 510641 China
| | - Huanfeng Jiang
- Key Lab of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering South China University of Technology Wushan Road-381 Guangzhou 510641 China
| | - Kai Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Central South University Changsha 410083 China
- Lab of Computational Chemistry and Drug Design State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Zhiqiang Ma
- Key Lab of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering South China University of Technology Wushan Road-381 Guangzhou 510641 China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Maisto SK, Leersnyder AP, Pudner GL, Scheerer JR. Synthesis of Pyrrolopyrazinones by Construction of the Pyrrole Ring onto an Intact Diketopiperazine. J Org Chem 2020; 85:9264-9271. [PMID: 32602717 PMCID: PMC7464856 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This study reveals an alternative sequence for the synthesis of compounds that contain the pyrrolodiketopiperazine structural motif. Starting with a diketopiperazine precursor, a mild aldol condensation precedes pyrrole annulation and bicyclic ring fusion. The derived intermediate aldol condensation products, which bear either a protected carbonyl or a functionalized alkyne, can be cyclized to the pyrrolodiketopiperazine by protic or gold Lewis acid catalysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susanna K Maisto
- Department of Chemistry, The College of William & Mary, P.O. Box 8795, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, United States
| | - Angela P Leersnyder
- Department of Chemistry, The College of William & Mary, P.O. Box 8795, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, United States
| | - Gwyneth L Pudner
- Department of Chemistry, The College of William & Mary, P.O. Box 8795, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, United States
| | - Jonathan R Scheerer
- Department of Chemistry, The College of William & Mary, P.O. Box 8795, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, United States
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lisnyak VG, Snyder SA. A Concise, Enantiospecific Total Synthesis of Chilocorine C Fueled by a Reductive Cyclization/Mannich Reaction Cascade. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:12027-12033. [PMID: 32551575 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c04914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Among defensive alkaloids isolated from ladybugs, the heterodimeric member chilocorine C possesses an alluring monomeric unit that combines quinolizidine and indolizidine substructures. Indeed, the overall stereochemical disposition of its ring fusions is distinct from those of related natural products. Herein we show that a carefully orchestrated sequence with several chemoselective transformations, including a designed cascade that accomplishes nine distinct chemical reactions in one-pot, can smoothly forge that domain and ultimately enable a 15-step, 11-pot enantiospecific synthesis of the natural product. Mechanistic studies, density functional theory calculations, and the delineation of several other unsuccessful approaches highlight its unique elements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vladislav G Lisnyak
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, 5735 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Scott A Snyder
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, 5735 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Heravi MM, Zadsirjan V, Hamidi H, Daraie M, Momeni T. Recent applications of the Wittig reaction in alkaloid synthesis. THE ALKALOIDS. CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY 2020; 84:201-334. [PMID: 32416953 DOI: 10.1016/bs.alkal.2020.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The Wittig reaction is the chemical reaction of an aldehyde or ketone with a triphenyl phosphonium ylide (the Wittig reagent) to afford an alkene and triphenylphosphine oxide. Noteworthy, this reaction results in the synthesis of alkenes in a selective and predictable fashion. Thus, it became as one of the keystone of synthetic organic chemistry, especially in the total synthesis of natural products, where the selectivity of a reaction is paramount of importance. A literature survey disclosed the existence of vast numbers of related reports and comprehensive reviews on the applications of this important name reaction in the total synthesis of natural products. However, the aim of this chapter is to underscore, the applications of the Wittig reaction in the total synthesis of one the most important and prevalent classes of natural products, the alkaloids, especially those showing important and diverse biological activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Majid M Heravi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Vahideh Zadsirjan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hoda Hamidi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mansoureh Daraie
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tayebeh Momeni
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
The first total synthesis of arborisidine, a unique Kopsia indole alkaloid possessing a fully substituted cyclohexanone ring system with two quaternary carbons, has been achieved in seven steps in racemic format from tryptamine and in nine steps in asymmetric format from d-tryptophan methyl ester. Key elements of the design include a carefully orchestrated decyanation protocol to finalize the asymmetric formation of an aza-quaternary center that is challenging to access in optically active format via direct Pictet-Spengler cyclizations with tryptamine, a metal-promoted 6- endo-dig cyclization of an enyne to establish the second core quaternary center, and regiospecific functionalizations of the resultant complex diene to finalize the target structure. The distinct and efficient nature of the developed solution is highlighted by several unsuccessful approaches and unexpected rearrangements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyao Zhou
- Department of Chemistry , University of Chicago , 5735 South Ellis Avenue , Chicago , Illinois 60637 , United States
| | - Alison X Gao
- Department of Chemistry , University of Chicago , 5735 South Ellis Avenue , Chicago , Illinois 60637 , United States
| | - Scott A Snyder
- Department of Chemistry , University of Chicago , 5735 South Ellis Avenue , Chicago , Illinois 60637 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, 5735 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Fangjie Yin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, 5735 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Haruka Fujino
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, 5735 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Scott A. Snyder
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, 5735 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhao Z, Wei H, Xiao K, Cheng B, Zhai H, Li Y. Facile Synthesis of Pyridines from Propargyl Amines: Concise Total Synthesis of Suaveoline Alkaloids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201811812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic ChemistryCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringLanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Hongbo Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic ChemistryCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringLanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Ke Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic ChemistryCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringLanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Bin Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic ChemistryCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringLanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Hongbin Zhai
- Laboratory of Chemical GenomicsSchool of Chemical Biology and BiotechnologyShenzhen Graduate School of Peking University Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Yun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic ChemistryCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringLanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhao Z, Wei H, Xiao K, Cheng B, Zhai H, Li Y. Facile Synthesis of Pyridines from Propargyl Amines: Concise Total Synthesis of Suaveoline Alkaloids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 58:1148-1152. [PMID: 30411835 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201811812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A general and efficient protocol was developed for the synthesis of polysubstituted pyridines from propargyl amines and unsaturated carbonyl compounds through a tandem condensation/alkyne isomerization/6π 3-azatriene electrocyclization sequence. This process was found to be applicable to a wide range of readily available substrates (30 examples, up to 95 % yield) and could be readily performed on a preparative (20 g) scale. By taking advantage of this method for late-stage pyridine incorporation, we successfully completed the collective total synthesis of suveoline, norsuveoline, and macrophylline.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Hongbo Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Ke Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Bin Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Hongbin Zhai
- Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School of Peking University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Alujas-Burgos S, Bayón P, Figueredo M. Recent advances in the synthesis of azaphenalene alkaloids: first enantioselective approaches. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:8218-8229. [PMID: 30168549 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob01443d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Azaphenalene alkaloids are biosynthesised and segregated by diverse insects of the Coccinellidae family (ladybirds) and are believed to play an important role in the defensive mechanism against their natural predators. The particular unique framework of these alkaloids, along with their potential in the field of biological pest control, has led to several research groups developing synthetic sequences to prepare these compounds. The main purpose of the present review is to provide an update of the more recent synthetic progress towards these alkaloids, including the pioneering enantioselective approaches to chiral congeners.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia Alujas-Burgos
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhang S, Taylor JE, Slawin AMZ, Smith AD. Isothiourea-Catalyzed Enantioselective Functionalization of 2-Pyrrolyl Acetic Acid: Two-Step Synthesis of Stereodefined Dihydroindolizinones. Org Lett 2018; 20:5482-5485. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b02423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuyue Zhang
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, U.K
| | - James E. Taylor
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, U.K
| | - Alexandra M. Z. Slawin
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, U.K
| | - Andrew D. Smith
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kuo JL, Lorenc C, Abuyuan JM, Norton JR. Catalysis of Radical Cyclizations from Alkyl Iodides under H 2: Evidence for Electron Transfer from [CpV(CO) 3H]<sup/>. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:4512-4516. [PMID: 29543448 PMCID: PMC6373875 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b02119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Radical cyclizations are most often achieved with Bu3SnH in the presence of a radical initiator, but environmental considerations demand that alternative reagents be developed-ones that can serve as a synthetic equivalent to the hydrogen atom. We have revisited [CpV(CO)3H]-, a known replacement for Bu3SnH, and found that it can be used catalytically under H2 in the presence of a base. We have carried out tin-free catalytic radical cyclizations of alkyl iodide substrates. The reactions are atom-efficient, and the conditions are mild, with broad tolerance for functional groups. We have, for example, achieved the first 5-exo radical cyclization involving attack onto a vinyl chloride. We suggest that the radicals are generated by an initial electron transfer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan L Kuo
- Department of Chemistry , Columbia University , 3000 Broadway , New York , New York 10027 , United States
| | - Chris Lorenc
- Department of Chemistry , Columbia University , 3000 Broadway , New York , New York 10027 , United States
| | - Janine M Abuyuan
- Department of Chemistry , Barnard College , 3009 Broadway , New York , New York 10027
| | - Jack R Norton
- Department of Chemistry , Columbia University , 3000 Broadway , New York , New York 10027 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Gan P, Pitzen J, Qu P, Snyder SA. Total Synthesis of the Caged Indole Alkaloid Arboridinine Enabled by aza-Prins and Metal-Mediated Cyclizations. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:919-925. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b07724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pei Gan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, 5735 South
Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Jennifer Pitzen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, 5735 South
Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Pei Qu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, 5735 South
Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Scott A. Snyder
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, 5735 South
Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Olivier WJ, Smith JA, Bissember AC. Methods for the synthesis of annulated pyrroles via cyclisation strategies. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:1216-1226. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ob03144k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
In this report, we review the methods that have been employed to synthesise annulated pyrroles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wesley J. Olivier
- School of Physical Sciences – Chemistry
- University of Tasmania
- Hobart
- Australia
| | - Jason A. Smith
- School of Physical Sciences – Chemistry
- University of Tasmania
- Hobart
- Australia
| | - Alex C. Bissember
- School of Physical Sciences – Chemistry
- University of Tasmania
- Hobart
- Australia
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Horwitz MA, Massolo E, Johnson JS. Phosphazene-catalyzed desymmetrization of cyclohexadienones by dithiane addition. Beilstein J Org Chem 2017; 13:762-767. [PMID: 28546832 PMCID: PMC5433211 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.13.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a desymmetrization of cyclohexadienones by intramolecular conjugate addition of a tethered dithiane nucleophile. Mild reaction conditions allow the formation of diversely functionalized fused bicyclic lactones. The products participate in facially selective additions from the convex surface, leading to allylic alcohol derivatives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Horwitz
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3290, USA
| | - Elisabetta Massolo
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3290, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3290, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Green SA, Matos JLM, Yagi A, Shenvi RA. Branch-Selective Hydroarylation: Iodoarene–Olefin Cross-Coupling. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:12779-12782. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b08507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha A. Green
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North
Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Jeishla L. M. Matos
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North
Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Akiko Yagi
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North
Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Ryan A. Shenvi
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North
Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| |
Collapse
|