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Loman-Cortes P, Binte Huq T, Vivero-Escoto JL. Use of Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane (POSS) in Drug Delivery, Photodynamic Therapy and Bioimaging. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216453. [PMID: 34770861 PMCID: PMC8588151 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) have attracted considerable attention in the design of novel organic-inorganic hybrid materials with high performance capabilities. Features such as their well-defined nanoscale structure, chemical tunability, and biocompatibility make POSS an ideal building block to fabricate hybrid materials for biomedical applications. This review highlights recent advances in the application of POSS-based hybrid materials, with particular emphasis on drug delivery, photodynamic therapy and bioimaging. The design and synthesis of POSS-based materials is described, along with the current methods for controlling their chemical functionalization for biomedical applications. We summarize the advantages of using POSS for several drug delivery applications. We also describe the current progress on using POSS-based materials to improve photodynamic therapies. The use of POSS for delivery of contrast agents or as a passivating agent for nanoprobes is also summarized. We envision that POSS-based hybrid materials have great potential for a variety of biomedical applications including drug delivery, photodynamic therapy and bioimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Loman-Cortes
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA; (P.L.-C.); (T.B.H.)
- Nanoscale Science Program, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
| | - Tamanna Binte Huq
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA; (P.L.-C.); (T.B.H.)
- Nanoscale Science Program, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
| | - Juan L. Vivero-Escoto
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA; (P.L.-C.); (T.B.H.)
- Nanoscale Science Program, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
- The Center for Biomedical Engineering and Science, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-704-687-5239
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2
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Piorecka K, Kurjata J, Bak-Sypien I, Cypryk M, Steinke U, Stanczyk WA. Reasons for enhanced activity of doxorubicin on co-delivery with octa(3-aminopropyl)silsesquioxane. RSC Adv 2020; 10:15579-15585. [PMID: 35495453 PMCID: PMC9052520 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra01319f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper presents results of spectroscopic (NMR, FTIR, fluorescence), Q-TOF mass spectrometry and Z-potential analyses of interactions between octa(3-aminopropyl)silsesquioxane hydrochloride (POSS-NH2·HCl) and anticancer drug – doxorubicin hydrochloride. These studies aimed at explanation of the enhanced activity of doxorubicin on co-delivery with POSS-NH2. The results point to the formation of active complexes via ionic interactions between the ammonium chloride groups of silsesquioxane and the drug, and not, as suggested earlier, via NH⋯N hydrogen bonding. It has also been shown that the main driving force for the formation of the complexes can be strengthened by π–π stacking and hydrogen bonds. The experimental results are supported by quantum mechanical calculations. This work has proven that co-delivery with POSS offers a potentially advantageous and simple approach for improved efficacy in chemotherapy, avoiding often complicated synthesis of conjugates, involving covalent bonding between drug, nanocarrier and targeting agents. The interaction between polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) and doxorubicin, leading to formation of active complexes involving POSS functional aminopropyl groups and anthracycline functional groups.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Piorecka
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences Sienkiewicza 112 90-363 Lodz Poland +48-42-6803-203
| | - Jan Kurjata
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences Sienkiewicza 112 90-363 Lodz Poland +48-42-6803-203
| | - Irena Bak-Sypien
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences Sienkiewicza 112 90-363 Lodz Poland +48-42-6803-203
| | - Marek Cypryk
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences Sienkiewicza 112 90-363 Lodz Poland +48-42-6803-203
| | - Urszula Steinke
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences Sienkiewicza 112 90-363 Lodz Poland +48-42-6803-203
| | - Wlodzimierz A Stanczyk
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences Sienkiewicza 112 90-363 Lodz Poland +48-42-6803-203
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Jia X, He J, Shen L, Chen J, Wei Z, Qin X, Niu D, Li Y, Shi J. Gradient Redox-Responsive and Two-Stage Rocket-Mimetic Drug Delivery System for Improved Tumor Accumulation and Safe Chemotherapy. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:8690-8700. [PMID: 31698897 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b03340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Recent drug delivery nanosystems for cancer treatment still suffer from the poor tumor accumulation and low therapeutic efficacy due to the complex in vivo biological barriers. To resolve these problems, in this work, a novel gradient redox-responsive and two-stage rocket-mimetic drug nanocarrier is designed and constructed for improved tumor accumulation and safe chemotherapy. The nanocarrier is constructed on the basis of the disulfide-doped organosilica-micellar hybrid nanoparticles and the following dual-functional modification with disulfide-bonded polyethylene glycol (PEG) and amido-bonded polyethylenimine (PEI). First, prolonged circulation duration in the bloodstream is guaranteed due to the shielding of the outer PEG chains. Once the nanocarrier accumulates at the tumoral extracellular microenvironment with low glutathione (GSH) concentrations, the first-stage redox-responsive behavior with the separation of PEG and the exposure of PEI is triggered, leading to the improved tumor accumulation and cellular internalization. Furthermore, with their endocytosis by tumor cells, a high concentration of GSH induces the second-stage redox-responsiveness with the degradation of silsesquioxane framework and the release of the encapsulated drugs. As a result, the rocket-mimetic drug carrier displays longer circulation duration in the bloodstream, higher tumor accumulation capability, and improved antitumor efficacy (which is 2.5 times higher than that with inseparable PEG). It is envisioned that the rocket-mimetic strategy can provide new solutions for improving tumor accumulation and safety of nanocarriers in further cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Jia
- Lab of Low-Dimensional Materials Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hierarchical Nanomaterials, School of Materials Science and Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237 , P. R. China
| | - Jianping He
- Lab of Low-Dimensional Materials Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hierarchical Nanomaterials, School of Materials Science and Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237 , P. R. China
| | - Luying Shen
- Lab of Low-Dimensional Materials Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hierarchical Nanomaterials, School of Materials Science and Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237 , P. R. China
| | - Jianzhuang Chen
- Lab of Low-Dimensional Materials Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hierarchical Nanomaterials, School of Materials Science and Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237 , P. R. China
| | - Zhenyang Wei
- Lab of Low-Dimensional Materials Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hierarchical Nanomaterials, School of Materials Science and Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237 , P. R. China
| | - Xing Qin
- Lab of Low-Dimensional Materials Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hierarchical Nanomaterials, School of Materials Science and Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237 , P. R. China
| | - Dechao Niu
- Lab of Low-Dimensional Materials Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hierarchical Nanomaterials, School of Materials Science and Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237 , P. R. China
| | - Yongsheng Li
- Lab of Low-Dimensional Materials Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hierarchical Nanomaterials, School of Materials Science and Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237 , P. R. China
| | - Jianlin Shi
- Lab of Low-Dimensional Materials Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hierarchical Nanomaterials, School of Materials Science and Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237 , P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200050 , P. R. China
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Tang W, Fan W, Lau J, Deng L, Shen Z, Chen X. Emerging blood–brain-barrier-crossing nanotechnology for brain cancer theranostics. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 48:2967-3014. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00805a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The advancements, perspectives, and challenges in blood–brain-barrier (BBB)-crossing nanotechnology for effective brain tumor delivery and highly efficient brain cancer theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Tang
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN)
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB)
- National Institutes of Health (NIH)
- Bethesda
- USA
| | - Wenpei Fan
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN)
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB)
- National Institutes of Health (NIH)
- Bethesda
- USA
| | - Joseph Lau
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN)
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB)
- National Institutes of Health (NIH)
- Bethesda
- USA
| | - Liming Deng
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN)
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB)
- National Institutes of Health (NIH)
- Bethesda
- USA
| | - Zheyu Shen
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN)
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB)
- National Institutes of Health (NIH)
- Bethesda
- USA
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN)
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB)
- National Institutes of Health (NIH)
- Bethesda
- USA
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Zhang Y, Chen M, Tian J, Gu P, Cao H, Fan X, Zhang W. In situ bone regeneration enabled by a biodegradable hybrid double-network hydrogel. Biomater Sci 2019; 7:3266-3276. [DOI: 10.1039/c9bm00561g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The biodegradable hybrid double-network hydrogel for stem cell-enhanced bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhao Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- People's Republic of China
| | - Mingjiao Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology
- Department of Ophthalmology
- Ninth People's Hospital
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
- Shanghai 200011
| | - Jia Tian
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Gu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology
- Department of Ophthalmology
- Ninth People's Hospital
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
- Shanghai 200011
| | - Hongliang Cao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- People's Republic of China
| | - Xianqun Fan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology
- Department of Ophthalmology
- Ninth People's Hospital
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
- Shanghai 200011
| | - Weian Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- People's Republic of China
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Li Y, Cui C. Cesium Carbonate-Catalyzed Oxidation of Substituted Phenylsilanes for the Efficient Synthesis of Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxanes. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:13477-13485. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b02107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuefeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Chunming Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
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7
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Nanomaterial interactions with biomembranes: Bridging the gap between soft matter models and biological context. Biointerphases 2018; 13:028501. [DOI: 10.1116/1.5022145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Kunthom R, Piyanuch P, Wanichacheva N, Ervithayasuporn V. Cage-like silsesequioxanes bearing rhodamines as fluorescence Hg2+ sensors. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2017.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Chanmungkalakul S, Ervithayasuporn V, Hanprasit S, Masik M, Prigyai N, Kiatkamjornwong S. Silsesquioxane cages as fluoride sensors. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 53:12108-12111. [PMID: 29072723 DOI: 10.1039/c7cc06647c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Pyrene functionalized silsesquioxane cages (PySQ) not only provide significant fluorescence from pyrene-pyrene excimers with a very large Stokes shift (Δλ = 143 nm, 69 930 cm-1) in DMSO but also exhibit fluoride capture results coincidentally with a π-π* fluorescence enhancement. On the other hand, PySQ-F- in THF significantly exhibits π-π* fluorescence quenching and a color change can be observed with the naked eye from light yellow to deep orange by forming a charge-transfer (CT) complex among the pyrenyl rings. Moreover, PySQ selectively captures F- with a response time of <2 min and with a very low detection limit (1.61 ppb), while 19F NMR is used to confirm encapsulation of F- with Δδ = 19 ppm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supphachok Chanmungkalakul
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC), and Center of Intelligent Materials and Systems, Nanotec Center of Excellence, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
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Chen J, Xu Y, Gao Y, Yang D, Wang F, Zhang L, Bao B, Wang L. Nanoscale Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Photosensitizers for Highly Effective Photodynamic Cancer Therapy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:248-255. [PMID: 29241325 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b15581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Recently, photodynamic therapy (PDT) has attracted significant attention as a minimally invasive approach for cancer treatment. Clinical applications of current photosensitizers are often limited by their poor water solubility, low singlet oxygen (1O2) quantum yields, long-term toxicity, instability, and complex nanostructures. Here, we report a rational design of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSSs)-based porphyrin (PPP5000) used as an intrinsically nanoscale photosensitizer. In this strategy, inorganic 3D rigid block POSSs not only act as antiaggregate units but also provide conjugating reactive sites for further chemical modification. Without an additional carrier and formulation process, PPP5000 intrinsically shows high water solubility (∼40 mg/mL), good PDT efficiency, and more excellent anticancer performance compared to tetra(hydroxyphenyl)porphyrin (the parent compound of m-THPC, Foscan). Considering the organic nature of porphyrin and the biodegradable property of inorganic POSS scaffolds at physiological conditions, the present work may lead to a new generation of biodegradable and intrinsic PDT agents with overall performance superior to conventional agents in terms of 1O2 production efficiency, water solubility, structurally stability, photostability, and biocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Chen
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays (KLOEID) & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NUPT) , Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yu Xu
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays (KLOEID) & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NUPT) , Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yu Gao
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays (KLOEID) & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NUPT) , Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Dongliang Yang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays (KLOEID) & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NUPT) , Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays (KLOEID) & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NUPT) , Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays (KLOEID) & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NUPT) , Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Biqing Bao
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays (KLOEID) & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NUPT) , Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lianhui Wang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays (KLOEID) & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NUPT) , Nanjing 210023, China
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Kanfar N, Mehdi A, Dumy P, Ulrich S, Winum JY. Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane (POSS) Bearing Glyoxylic Aldehyde as Clickable Platform Towards Multivalent Conjugates. Chemistry 2017; 23:17867-17869. [PMID: 28892198 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201703794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The straightforward access to octafunctional "cubic" silsesquioxane platform grafter with pendant glyoxylic aldehydes is described. This clickable hybrid platform readily reacts with oxyamine or hydrazide compounds to provide, respectively, oxime and acylhydrazone conjugates, thereby offering a new and effective access from which one can elaborate multivalent systems for the targeting of biomolecules of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasreddine Kanfar
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247 CNRS, ENSCM, Université de Montpellier, 240 avenue du professeur Emile Jeanbrau, 34296, Montpellier Cedex, France
| | - Ahmad Mehdi
- Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier (ICGM), UMR 5253 CNRS, ENSCM, Université de Montpellier, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34090, Montpellier, France
| | - Pascal Dumy
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247 CNRS, ENSCM, Université de Montpellier, 240 avenue du professeur Emile Jeanbrau, 34296, Montpellier Cedex, France
| | - Sébastien Ulrich
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247 CNRS, ENSCM, Université de Montpellier, 240 avenue du professeur Emile Jeanbrau, 34296, Montpellier Cedex, France
| | - Jean-Yves Winum
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247 CNRS, ENSCM, Université de Montpellier, 240 avenue du professeur Emile Jeanbrau, 34296, Montpellier Cedex, France
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