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Hu Z, Yang S. Endohedral metallofullerene molecular nanomagnets. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:2863-2897. [PMID: 38324027 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00991b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Magnetic lanthanide (Ln) metal complexes exhibiting magnetic bistability can behave as molecular nanomagnets, also known as single-molecule magnets (SMMs), suitable for storing magnetic information at the molecular level, thus attracting extensive interest in the quest for high-density information storage and quantum information technologies. Upon encapsulating Ln ion(s) into fullerene cages, endohedral metallofullerenes (EMFs) have been proven as a promising and versatile platform to realize chemically robust SMMs, in which the magnetic properties are able to be readily tailored by altering the configurations of the encapsulated species and the host cages. In this review, we present critical discussions on the molecular structures and magnetic characterizations of EMF-SMMs, with the focus on their peculiar molecular and electronic structures and on the intriguing molecular magnetism arising from such structural uniqueness. In this context, different families of magnetic EMFs are summarized, including mononuclear EMF-SMMs wherein single-ion anisotropy is decisive, dinuclear clusterfullerenes whose magnetism is governed by intramolecular magnetic interaction, and radical-bridged dimetallic EMFs with high-spin ground states that arise from the strong ferromagnetic coupling. We then discuss how molecular assemblies of SMMs can be constructed, in a way that the original SMM behavior is either retained or altered in a controlled manner, thanks to the chemical robustness of EMFs. Finally, on the basis of understanding the structure-magnetic property correlation, we propose design strategies for high-performance EMF-SMMs by engineering ligand fields, electronic structures, magnetic interactions, and molecular vibrations that can couple to the spin states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Hu
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Shangfeng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
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2
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Yang W, Rosenkranz M, Velkos G, Ziegs F, Dubrovin V, Schiemenz S, Spree L, de Souza Barbosa MF, Guillemard C, Valvidares M, Büchner B, Liu F, Avdoshenko SM, Popov AA. Covalency versus magnetic axiality in Nd molecular magnets: Nd-photoluminescence, strong ligand-field, and unprecedented nephelauxetic effect in fullerenes NdM 2N@C 80 (M = Sc, Lu, Y). Chem Sci 2024; 15:2141-2157. [PMID: 38332818 PMCID: PMC10848757 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05146c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Nd-based nitride clusterfullerenes NdM2N@C80 with rare-earth metals of different sizes (M = Sc, Y, Lu) were synthesized to elucidate the influence of the cluster composition, shape and internal strain on the structural and magnetic properties. Single crystal X-ray diffraction revealed a very short Nd-N bond length in NdSc2N@C80. For Lu and Y analogs, the further shortening of the Nd-N bond and pyramidalization of the NdM2N cluster are predicted by DFT calculations as a result of the increased cluster size and a strain caused by the limited size of the fullerene cage. The short distance between Nd and nitride ions leads to a very large ligand-field splitting of Nd3+ of 1100-1200 cm-1, while the variation of the NdM2N cluster composition and concomitant internal strain results in the noticeable modulation of the splitting, which could be directly assessed from the well-resolved fine structure in the Nd-based photoluminescence spectra of NdM2N@C80 clusterfullerenes. Photoluminescence measurements also revealed an unprecedentedly strong nephelauxetic effect, pointing to a high degree of covalency. The latter appears detrimental to the magnetic axiality despite the strong ligand field. As a result, the ground magnetic state has considerable transversal components of the pseudospin g-tensor, and the slow magnetic relaxation of NdSc2N@C80 could be observed by AC magnetometry only in the presence of a magnetic field. A combination of the well-resolved magneto-optical states and slow relaxation of magnetization suggests that Nd clusterfullerenes can be useful building blocks for magneto-photonic quantum technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yang
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden) 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Marco Rosenkranz
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden) 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Georgios Velkos
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden) 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Frank Ziegs
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden) 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Vasilii Dubrovin
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden) 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Sandra Schiemenz
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden) 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Lukas Spree
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden) 01069 Dresden Germany
- Center for Quantum Nanoscience, Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Seoul Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | - Bernd Büchner
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden) 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Fupin Liu
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden) 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Stanislav M Avdoshenko
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden) 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Alexey A Popov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden) 01069 Dresden Germany
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Jin H, Xin J, Xiang W, Jiang Z, Han X, Chen M, Du P, Yao YR, Yang S. Bandgap Engineering of Erbium-Metallofullerenes toward Switchable Photoluminescence. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2304121. [PMID: 37805835 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202304121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Encapsulating photoluminescent lanthanide ions like erbium (Er) into fullerene cages affords photoluminescent endohedral metallofullerenes (EMFs). Few reported photoluminescent Er-EMFs are all based on encapsulation of multiple (two to three) metal atoms, whereas mono-Er-EMFs exemplified by Er@C82 are not photoluminescent due to its narrow optical bandgap. Herein, by entrapping an Er-cyanide cluster into various C82 cages to form novel Er-monometallic cyanide clusterfullerenes (CYCFs), ErCN@C82 (C2 (5), Cs (6), and C2 v (9)), the photoluminescent properties of CYCFs are investigated, and obvious near-infrared (NIR) photoluminescence only is observed for ErCN@C2 (5)-C82 . Combined with a comparative photoluminescence study of three medium-bandgap di-Er-EMFs, including Er2 @Cs (6)-C82 , Er2 O@Cs (6)-C82 , and Er2 C2 @Cs (6)-C82 , this study proposes that the optical bandgap can be used as a simple criterion for switching the photoluminescence of Er-EMFs, and the bandgap threshold is determined to be between 0.83 and 0.74 eV. Furthermore, the photoluminescent patterns of these three di-Er-EMFs differ dramatically. It is found that the location of the Er atom within the same Cs (6)-C82 cage is almost fixed and independent on the endo-unit; thus the previous statement on the key role of metal position in photoluminescence of di-Er-EMFs seems erroneous, and the geometric configuration of the endo-unit, especially the bridging mode of two Er ions, is decisive instead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaimin Jin
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Jinpeng Xin
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Wenhao Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Zhanxin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Xinyi Han
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Muqing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Pingwu Du
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Yang-Rong Yao
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Shangfeng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
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Dong W, Zhou Q, Shen W, Yang L, Jin P, Lu X, Lian Y. The Various Packing Structures of Tb@C 82 (I, II) Isomers in Their Cocrystals with Ni(OEP). NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:994. [PMID: 36985888 PMCID: PMC10054076 DOI: 10.3390/nano13060994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Soot-containing terbium (Tb)-embedded fullerenes were prepared by evaporation of Tb4O7-doped graphite rods in an electric arc discharge chamber. After 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene extraction of the soot and rotary evaporation of the extract, a solid product was obtained and then dissolved into toluene by ultrasonication. Through a three-stage high-pressure liquid chromatographic (HPLC) process, Tb@C82 (I, II) isomers were isolated from the toluene solution of fullerenes and metallofullerenes. With the success of the growth of cocrystals of Tb@C82 (I, II) with Ni(OEP), the molecular structures of Tb@C82 (I) and Tb@C82 (II) were confirmed to be Tb@C2v(9)-C82 and Tb@Cs(6)-C82, respectively, based on crystallographic data from X-ray single-crystal diffraction. Moreover, it was found that Tb@C82 (I, II) isomers demonstrated different packing behaviors in their cocrystals with Ni(OEP). Tb@C2v(9)-C82 forms a 1:1 cocrystal with Ni(OEP), in which Tb@C2v(9)-C82 is aligned diagonally between the Ni(OEP) bilayers to form zigzag chains. In sharp contrast, Tb@Cs(6)-C82 forms a 2:2 cocrystal with Ni(OEP), in which Tb@Cs(6)-C82 forms a centrosymmetric dimer that is aligned linearly with Ni(OEP) pairs to form one-dimensional structures in the a-c lattice plane. In addition, the distance of a Ni atom in Ni(OEP) to the Cs(6)-C82 cage is much shorter than that to the C2v(9)-C82 one, indicative of a stronger π-π interaction between Ni(OEP) and the C82 carbon cage in the cocrystal of Tb@CS(6)-C82 and Ni(OEP). Density functional theory calculations reveal that the regionally selective dimerization of Tb@CS(6)-C82 is the result of a dominant unpaired spin existing on a particular C atom of the CS(6)-C82 cage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Dong
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Qin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Wangqiang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Le Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Peng Jin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Xing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yongfu Lian
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
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Li B, Lou L, Jin P. Locating the hydrogen atoms in endohedral clusterfullerenes by density functional theory. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:2451-2461. [PMID: 36601732 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp05050a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
There is a unique type of endohedral clusterfullerene containing a hydrogen atom inside the carbon cage (hydrogen-containing clusterfullerenes, HCFs). Unfortunately, the precise positions of the H atoms cannot be determined by powerful single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and thus, the reported internal cluster structures of HCFs are ambiguous. In this study, HCFs were investigated using density functional theory calculations. Various internal cluster structures were obtained for Sc4CNH@Ih(7)-C80 and then carefully inspected to summarize all the favorable H locations in the HCFs. Encouragingly, following these structural characteristics, a new Sc4C2H@Ih(7)-C80 isomer with a μ3-H coordination to three Sc atoms was found to be 12.6 kcal mol-1 more stable than a previously reported isomer. It also holds a much larger SOMO-LUMO gap energy (3.57 vs. 2.36 eV). Its increased stability was further understood by the formation of multicenter bonds (three-center one-electron, three-center two-electron, and even four-center two-electron bonds) and electron density topology analyses. The changed H position may lead to rather different electronic structures, bonding states, and relative stability, indicating its critical role in HCFs. The simulated infrared and Raman spectra based on the new structure also agree fairly well with the experimental observations. Our work not only successfully locates the unpredictable H atom inside HCFs but also demonstrates a practical strategy to quickly determine the internal cluster configurations for more complex clusterfullerenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China.
| | - Lei Lou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China.
| | - Peng Jin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China.
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6
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Yu P, Hu S, Tian X, Shen W, Yu P, Guo K, Xie Y, Bao L, Lu X. Steering Lu 3N clusters in C 76-78 cages: cluster configuration dominated by cage transformation. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:17290-17296. [PMID: 36377636 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr05049h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
While the strong interaction between the internal unit and the fullerene cage inside metallofullerenes is widely acknowledged, how the cage transformation interacts with the cluster configuration remains elusive. For this purpose, we herein synthesized three metallofullerene molecules with an easy-to-compare cluster configuration and cage arrangement, namely Lu3N@Cs(17 490)-C76, Lu3N@C2(22 010)-C78, and Lu3N@D3h(5)-C78. The three lutetium-based nitride clusterfullerenes (NCFs) with small C76-78 carbon cages were synthesized by a modified arc-discharge method and their structures were unambiguously confirmed by X-ray crystallography. Notably, the cage transformation from Cs(17 490)-C76 to C2(22 010)-C78via a simple C2-unit insertion leads to a remarkable configuration change of the encapsulated Lu3N cluster from an unusual asymmetric plane to a common symmetric one. This close correlation between the cluster configuration and cage transformation is further confirmed by the pyramidal Lu3N cluster in Lu3N@D3h(5)-C78 other than the symmetric planar Lu3N unit in Lu3N@C2(22 010)-C78, as a result of an even larger difference in the cage arrangement. Astonishingly, such a cluster shrinkage, accompanied by an increase in the cage size from Cs(17 490)-C76 to D3h(5)-C78, is dramatically opposite to the cluster expansion with cage elongation found in La2C2- or Y2C2-based metallofullerenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengwei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074 China.
| | - Shuaifeng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074 China.
| | - Xinyue Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074 China.
| | - Wangqiang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074 China.
| | - Pengyuan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074 China.
| | - Kun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074 China.
| | - Yunpeng Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074 China.
| | - Lipiao Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074 China.
| | - Xing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074 China.
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Shen Y, Yu X, Meng Q, Yao YR, Autschbach J, Chen N. ThC 2@C 82 versus Th@C 84: unexpected formation of triangular thorium carbide cluster inside fullerenes. Chem Sci 2022; 13:12980-12986. [PMID: 36425487 PMCID: PMC9667913 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc04846a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthesis of the first thorium-containing clusterfullerenes, ThC2@C s (6)-C82 and ThC2@C2(5)-C82, is reported. These two novel actinide fullerene compounds were characterized by mass spectrometry, single-crystal X-ray diffraction crystallography, UV-vis-NIR spectroscopy, and theoretical calculations. Crystallographic studies reveal that the encapsulated ThC2 clusters in both C s (6)-C82 and C2(5)-C82 feature a novel bonding structure with one thorium metal center connected by a C[triple bond, length as m-dash]C unit, forming an isosceles triangular configuration, which has not been hitherto observed for endohedral fullerenes or for solid phase thorium carbides. Electronic structure calculations assign a formal electronic structure of [Th4+(C2)2-]2+@[C82]2-, with pronounced donation bonding from (C2)2- to Th4+, secondary backbonding from the fullerene to thorium and Th-C double bond character in both compounds. This work presents a new family of endohedral fullerenes, MC2@C2n-2, being unexpected isomers of MC2n , and provides broader understanding of thorium bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Shen
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu 215123P. R. China
| | - Xiaojuan Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New YorkBuffaloNY 14260-3000USA
| | - Qingyu Meng
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu 215123P. R. China
| | - Yang-Rong Yao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu 215123P. R. China
| | - Jochen Autschbach
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New YorkBuffaloNY 14260-3000USA
| | - Ning Chen
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu 215123P. R. China
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He J, Li M, Zhang W, Zhao X. Stabilities, Geometries, Electronic Structures, and Conversion Rules of Carbide Cluster Metallofullerenes. CHEM REC 2022; 22:e202200148. [PMID: 35914902 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202200148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Since the discovery of the first carbide cluster metallofullerene (CCMF) Sc2 C2 @C84 in 2001, CCMFs have attracted great concerns with variable structures and fascinating characteristics. To date, there are hundreds of studies on CCMFs. Crystallography studies on CCMFs are carried out by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Theoretical calculations can also be used to study CCMFs in detail without being limited by low experimental yields. This review analyzes the stability of CCMFs reported previously, and indicates that the C2 unit contributes a lot to their stability. At the same time, the relationship between the structures of inner carbide cluster and cage size is systematically discussed, and the four-electron transfer always occurs. Furthermore, the possible transformation rule between di-EMFs and CCMFs is indicated. Finally, an outlook regarding the future developments and applications of CCMFs is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun He
- Institute of Molecular Science & Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment & MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Mengyang Li
- Institute of Molecular Science & Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment & MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China.,School of Physics, Xidian University, Xi'an, 710071, China
| | - Wenxin Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Science & Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment & MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Xiang Zhao
- Institute of Molecular Science & Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment & MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
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9
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Uher JM, Steiner MR, Hlina JA. Mono- and Disamarium Azacryptand Complexes: A Platform for Cooperative Rare-Earth Metal Chemistry. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:5539-5546. [PMID: 35343681 PMCID: PMC9006214 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c03989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Mono- (H3LSm) and disamarium complexes (LSm2) were prepared by
reaction of the azacryptand N[(CH2)2NHCH2-p-C6H4CH2NH(CH2)2]3N (H6L) with
1 or 2 equiv of Sm[N(SiMe3)2]3, respectively.
The disamarium complex features free
coordination sites on both metal centers available for bridging ligands
shielded by phenylenes from tetrahydrofuran (THF) coordination. The
reaction of LSm2 with KCN and 18-crown-6 yielded the adduct
[LSm2-μ-η1:η1-CN][K(18-crown-6)(THF)2] featuring a bridging cyanide. The complexes were characterized
by crystallography, electrochemical analysis, NMR, and optical spectroscopy,
and the effective magnetic moments were determined via the Evans method. First examples of rare-earth metal azacryptand
complexes
are presented in the form of mono- and dinuclear samarium compounds,
which can be prepared selectively. The bridging phenylenes of the
azacryptand ligand prevent THF coordination to the samarium ions and
provide available binding sites within the complexes. We investigated
cyanide coordination using the disamarium complex to demonstrate the
utility of the vacant intermetallic space for binding small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna M Uher
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Matthias R Steiner
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Johann A Hlina
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
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10
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Li W, Wang C, Wang T. Molecular structures and magnetic properties of endohedral metallofullerenes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:10317-10326. [PMID: 34542549 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc04218a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Endohedral metallofullerenes have fascinating core-shell structures, with metal atoms or metal clusters encaged in fullerene cages, and they display various chemical, optical and magnetic properties derived from different types of fullerene cages and metal moieties. Fullerene cages can act as carriers to stabilize unusual cluster moieties. Many bizarre species that are hard to produce via synthetic methods survive well under the protection of a fullerene cage, making metallofullerenes ideal platforms for generating new clusters and bonds. Fullerene cages can also be carriers to hold active unpaired electrons. Some metallofullerenes possess electron spin and show intriguing magnetic properties, making them applicable for use in quantum computing, high density information storage and magnetoreception systems. The exploration of new metallofullerenes is still ongoing, while function-oriented studies are also promoted for the future application of metallofullerenes. Herein, we highlight the recent progress in the synthesis, electron spin characteristics and magnetic properties of metallofullerenes. Discussions and an outlook on the future development of metallofullerenes are also stated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguancun North First Street 2, Beijing 100190, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chunru Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguancun North First Street 2, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Taishan Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguancun North First Street 2, Beijing 100190, China.
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11
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Meng Q, Abella L, Yang W, Yao YR, Liu X, Zhuang J, Li X, Echegoyen L, Autschbach J, Chen N. UCN@ Cs(6)-C 82: An Encapsulated Triangular UCN Cluster with Ambiguous U Oxidation State [U(III) versus U(I)]. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:16226-16234. [PMID: 34553913 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c07519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the chemical behavior of actinide elements is essential for the effective management and use of actinide materials. In this study, we report an unprecedented η2 (side-on) coordination of U by a cyanide in a UCN cluster, which was stabilized inside a C82 fullerene cage. UCN@Cs(6)-C82 was successfully synthesized and fully characterized by mass spectrometry, single crystal X-ray crystallography, cyclic voltammetry, spectroscopy, and theoretical calculations. The bonding analysis demonstrates significant donation bonding between CN- and uranium, and covalent interactions between uranium and the carbon cage. These effects correlate with an observed elongated cyanide C-N bond, resulting in a rare case where the oxidation state of uranium shows ambiguity between U(III) and U(I). The discovery of this unprecedented triangular configuration of the uranium cyanide cluster provides a new insight in coordination chemistry and highlights the large variety of bonding situations that uranium can have.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyu Meng
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Laura Abella
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, United States
| | - Wei Yang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yang-Rong Yao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W. University Avenue, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Xinye Liu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jiaxin Zhuang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xiaomeng Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Luis Echegoyen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W. University Avenue, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Jochen Autschbach
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, United States
| | - Ning Chen
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
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12
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13
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Guan R, Chen M, Xin J, Xie XM, Jin F, Zhang Q, Xie SY, Yang S. Capturing the Missing Carbon Cage Isomer of C 84 via Mutual Stabilization of a Triangular Monometallic Cyanide Cluster. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:8078-8085. [PMID: 34010566 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c02428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Monometallic cyanide clusterfullerenes (CYCFs) represent a unique branch of endohedral clusterfullerenes with merely one metal atom encapsulated, offering a model system for elucidating structure-property correlation, while up to now only C82 and C76 cages have been isolated for the pristine CYCFs. C84 is one of the most abundant fullerenes and has 24 isomers obeying the isolated pentagon rule (IPR), among which 14 isomers have been already isolated, whereas the C2v(17)-C84 isomer has lower relative energy than several isolated isomers but never been found for empty and endohedral fullerenes. Herein, four novel C84-based pristine CYCFs with variable encapsulated metals and isomeric cages, including MCN@C2(13)-C84 (M = Y, Dy, Tb) and DyCN@C2v(17)-C84, have been synthesized and isolated, fulfilling the first identification of the missing C2v(17)-C84 isomer, which can be interconverted from the C2(13)-C84 isomer through two steps of Stone-Wales transformation. The molecular structures of these four C84-based CYCFs are determined unambiguously by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Surprisingly, although the ionic radii of Y3+, Dy3+, and Tb3+ differ slightly by only 0.01 Å, such a subtle difference leads to an obvious change in the metal-cage interactions, as inferred from the distance between the metal atom and the nearest hexagon center of the C2(13)-C84 cage. On the other hand, upon altering the isomeric cage from DyCN@C2(13)-C84 to DyCN@C2v(17)-C84, the Dy-cage distance changes as well, indicating the interplay between the encapsulated DyCN cluster and the outer cage. Therefore, we demonstrate that the metal-cage interactions within CYCFs can be steered via both internal and external routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runnan Guan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Muqing Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jinpeng Xin
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Xie
- State Key Lab for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Fei Jin
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Qianyan Zhang
- State Key Lab for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Su-Yuan Xie
- State Key Lab for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Shangfeng Yang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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14
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Xin J, Jin F, Guan R, Chen M, Xie XM, Zhang Q, Xie SY, Yang S. Ancient pigment to treasure: Prussian blue as a cheap solid cyanide/nitrogen dual-source affording the high-yield syntheses of pricey endohedral clusterfullerenes. Inorg Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qi01492c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Prussian blue was applied for the first time as a cheap solid cyanide/nitrogen dual-source, affording simplified yet high-yield simultaneous syntheses of novel dysprosium-based metal cyanide clusterfullerenes and metal nitride clusterfullerenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinpeng Xin
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale
- CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics
- University of Science and Technology of China
| | - Fei Jin
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale
- CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics
- University of Science and Technology of China
| | - Runnan Guan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale
- CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics
- University of Science and Technology of China
| | - Muqing Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale
- CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics
- University of Science and Technology of China
| | - Xiao-Ming Xie
- State Key Lab for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
| | - Qianyan Zhang
- State Key Lab for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
| | - Su-Yuan Xie
- State Key Lab for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
| | - Shangfeng Yang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale
- CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics
- University of Science and Technology of China
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15
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López-Moreno A, del Carmen Giménez-López M. Metallic-based magnetic switches under confinement. ADVANCES IN ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.adomc.2021.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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16
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Babeshkin KA, Gavrikov AV, Petrosyants SP, Ilyukhin AB, Belova EV, Efimov NN. Unexpected Supremacy of Non‐Dysprosium Single‐Ion Magnets within a Series of Isomorphic Lanthanide Cyanocobaltate(III) Complexes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202000798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin A. Babeshkin
- N.S. Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences Leninsky prosp. 31 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Andrey V. Gavrikov
- N.S. Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences Leninsky prosp. 31 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Svetlana P. Petrosyants
- N.S. Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences Leninsky prosp. 31 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Andrey B. Ilyukhin
- N.S. Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences Leninsky prosp. 31 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Ekaterina V. Belova
- N.S. Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences Leninsky prosp. 31 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
- Department of Chemistry Lomonosov Moscow State University GSP1 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Nikolay N. Efimov
- N.S. Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences Leninsky prosp. 31 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
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17
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Hao D, Yang L, Wei Z, Hou Q, Li L, Jin P. U 2O@C 76: Non-Isolated-Pentagon-Rule Cages Prevail with the U 2O Configuration Determined by Cage Shape and Dominated by Multicenter Bonds. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:7039-7048. [PMID: 32343133 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c00518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Endohedral clusterfullerenes (ECFs) are fullerene cages with various metallic clusters trapped inside. So far, the actinide-based ECFs are rather scarce with their possible structures and chemistry remaining largely unexplored. Herein, density functional theory calculations characterized that the recently synthesized U2O@C76 could be U2O@Cs(17 490)-C76 or U2O@C2v(19 138)-C76, whose cages have two or one pentagon adjacencies (PAs) and thus both violate the isolated pentagon rule (IPR). It is noteworthy that they are the first actinide-based ECFs bearing non-IPR outer cages. They are also the first Cs(17 490)- and C2v(19 138)-C76-based oxide ECFs. Moreover, U2O@C2v(19 138)-C76 is the first example of a hexavalent metal cluster within the C2v(19 138)-C76 cage. Interestingly, although trapped by the two same-sized cages, the U2O unit exhibits a bent and a perfect linear configuration, respectively, indicative of the crucial role of cage shape in steering the internal cluster configuration. Their electronic structures can be formally described as (U2O)6+@C766- with primary electrostatic attractions and secondary covalent interactions between cluster and cage. Significantly, bonding analyses reveal that the encaged U2O moiety may only features two three-center, two-electron (3c-2e) U-O-U bonds with completely absent common two-center bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debo Hao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Le Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Zhan Wei
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Qinghua Hou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Lanlan Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Peng Jin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
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18
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Velkos G, Yang W, Yao YR, Sudarkova SM, Liu X, Büchner B, Avdoshenko SM, Chen N, Popov AA. Shape-adaptive single-molecule magnetism and hysteresis up to 14 K in oxide clusterfullerenes Dy 2O@C 72 and Dy 2O@C 74 with fused pentagon pairs and flexible Dy-(μ 2-O)-Dy angle. Chem Sci 2020; 11:4766-4772. [PMID: 33437409 PMCID: PMC7116574 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc00624f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysprosium oxide clusterfullerenes Dy2O@Cs(10528)-C72 and Dy2O@C2(13333)-C74 are synthesized and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Carbon cages of both molecules feature two adjacent pentagon pairs. These pentalene units determine positions of endohedral Dy ions hence the shape of the Dy2O cluster, which is bent in Dy2O@C72 but linear in Dy2O@C74. Both compounds show slow relaxation of magnetization and magnetic hysteresis. Nearly complete cancelation of ferromagnetic dipolar and antiferromagnetic exchange Dy…Dy interactions leads to unusual magnetic properties. Dy2O@C74 exhibits zero-field quantum tunneling of magnetization and magnetic hysteresis up to 14 K, the highest temperature among Dy-clusterfullerenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Velkos
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Helmholtzstraße 20
,
01069 Dresden
, Germany
.
;
| | - Wei Yang
- College of Chemistry
, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
, Soochow University
,
Suzhou
, Jiangsu 215123
, P.R. China
.
| | - Yang-Rong Yao
- Department of Chemistry
, University of Texas at El Paso
, 500 W University Avenue
,
El Paso
, Texas 79968
, USA
| | - Svetlana M. Sudarkova
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Helmholtzstraße 20
,
01069 Dresden
, Germany
.
;
- Chemistry Department
, Moscow State University
,
119991 Moscow
, Russia
| | - XinYe Liu
- College of Chemistry
, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
, Soochow University
,
Suzhou
, Jiangsu 215123
, P.R. China
.
| | - Bernd Büchner
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Helmholtzstraße 20
,
01069 Dresden
, Germany
.
;
| | - Stanislav M. Avdoshenko
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Helmholtzstraße 20
,
01069 Dresden
, Germany
.
;
| | - Ning Chen
- College of Chemistry
, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
, Soochow University
,
Suzhou
, Jiangsu 215123
, P.R. China
.
| | - Alexey A. Popov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Helmholtzstraße 20
,
01069 Dresden
, Germany
.
;
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19
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Wei Z, Yang L, Ji J, Hou Q, Li L, Jin P. Undiscovered Effect of C↔N Interchange Inside the Metal Carbonitride Clusterfullerenes: A Density Functional Theory Investigation. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:6518-6527. [PMID: 32298101 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c00610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Putting different metal clusters into the fullerene cages form the so-called "endohedral clusterfullerenes" (ECFs), among which all the carbonitride ECFs feature a common NC unit coordinating with either one or three metal atoms. Unfortunately, their internal N and C atoms are difficult to be distinguished experimentally, resulting in the fact that the exact structure and bonding nature of the encased metal cluster still remain unclear thus far. In this work, density functional theory calculations were performed for several representative carbonitride ECFs: MNC@C2n (M = Y, Tb; 2n = 76, 82) and Sc3CN@C2n (2n = 78, 80). For the first time, we focused on the C ↔ N interchange inside the cages and its effect on the chemical bonding of the trapped clusters. Computational results reveal that the two types of ECFs energetically favor the N and C atoms at the cluster center, respectively. The preference can be interpreted by the difference in several aspects, such as the energy of isolated clusters, charge states of (CN)-/3-, and cluster-cage interactions, as well as hyperconjugation of the internal clusters. The detailed wave function analyses indicate that MNC@C2n and Sc3CN@C2n bear a C≡N triple bond and a C═N double bond, respectively, regardless of the NC orientation. Compared with its slightly influence on the bonding patterns of the encaged MNC clusters, the C ↔ N interchange dramatically affects that of the Sc3CN units involving two-center two-electron (2c-2e) bonds, undiscovered three-center two-electron (3c-2e), and four-center two-electron (4c-2e) bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Wei
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Le Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Jing Ji
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Qinghua Hou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Lanlan Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Peng Jin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
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20
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Shen W, Hu S, Lu X. Endohedral Metallofullerenes: New Structures and Unseen Phenomena. Chemistry 2020; 26:5748-5757. [PMID: 31886563 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Endohedral metallofullerenes (EMFs), namely fullerenes with metallic species encapsulated inside, represent an ideal platform to investigate metal-metal or metal-carbon interactions at the sub-nanometer scale by means of single-crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD) crystallography. Herein, recent progress in the identification of new structures and unprecedented properties are discussed according to the categories of monometallofullerenes, dimetallofullerenes, carbide clusterfullerenes, and nitride clusterfullerenes. In particular, the dimerization and the cage-isomer dependent oxidation state of the inner metal atom are summarized in terms of pristine monometallofullerenes. Metal-metal bonds involving lanthanide-lanthanides or actinide-actinides are discussed based on both experimental and theoretical studies. The cluster-cage matching and/or mutual selections, as well as the rarely seen M=C double bonds, are discovered in M2 C2 @C2n , U2 C@C80 , M2 TiC@C80 , and Ti3 C3 @C80 . Subsequently, the geometries of different M3 N clusters in various cages are discussed, revealing size-matching between the internal M3 N cluster and the outer cage induced by the planarity of the cluster. Finally, an outlook regarding the future developments of the molecular structures and applications of EMFs is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangqiang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Shuaifeng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, China
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21
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Spree L, Schlesier C, Kostanyan A, Westerström R, Greber T, Büchner B, Avdoshenko SM, Popov AA. Single-Molecule Magnets DyM 2 N@C 80 and Dy 2 MN@C 80 (M=Sc, Lu): The Impact of Diamagnetic Metals on Dy 3+ Magnetic Anisotropy, Dy⋅⋅⋅Dy Coupling, and Mixing of Molecular and Lattice Vibrations. Chemistry 2020; 26:2436-2449. [PMID: 31774196 PMCID: PMC7065109 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The substitution of scandium in fullerene single-molecule magnets (SMMs) DySc2 N@C80 and Dy2 ScN@C80 by lutetium has been studied to explore the influence of the diamagnetic metal on the SMM performance of dysprosium nitride clusterfullerenes. The use of lutetium led to an improved SMM performance of DyLu2 N@C80 , which shows a higher blocking temperature of magnetization (TB =9.5 K), longer relaxation times, and broader hysteresis than DySc2 N@C80 (TB =6.9 K). At the same time, Dy2 LuN@C80 was found to have a similar blocking temperature of magnetization to Dy2 ScN@C80 (TB =8 K), but substantially different interactions between the magnetic moments of the dysprosium ions in the Dy2 MN clusters. Surprisingly, although the intramolecular dipolar interactions in Dy2 LuN@C80 and Dy2 ScN@C80 are of similar strength, the exchange interactions in Dy2 LuN@C80 are close to zero. Analysis of the low-frequency molecular and lattice vibrations showed strong mixing of the lattice modes and endohedral cluster librations in k-space. This mixing simplifies the spin-lattice relaxation by conserving the momentum during the spin flip and helping to distribute the moment and energy further into the lattice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Spree
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden)01069DresdenGermany
| | - Christin Schlesier
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden)01069DresdenGermany
| | - Aram Kostanyan
- Physik-Institut der Universität ZürichWinterthurerstr. 1908057ZürichSwitzerland
| | - Rasmus Westerström
- Physik-Institut der Universität ZürichWinterthurerstr. 1908057ZürichSwitzerland
- The Division of Synchrotron Radiation ResearchLund University22100LundSweden
| | - Thomas Greber
- Physik-Institut der Universität ZürichWinterthurerstr. 1908057ZürichSwitzerland
| | - Bernd Büchner
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden)01069DresdenGermany
| | | | - Alexey A. Popov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden)01069DresdenGermany
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22
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Shen W, Hu Z, Yu P, Wei Z, Jin P, Shi Z, Lu X. An experimental and theoretical study of LuNC@C76,82 revealing a cage-cluster selection rule. Inorg Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qi00781a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Four novel Lu-based monometallic cyanide clusterfullerenes were successfully obtained and characterized. X-ray and theoretical results demonstrated that the configuration of internal LuNC unit is governed by the Lu-cage coordination interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangqiang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan
- China
| | - Ziqi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Magnetoelectric Materials and Devices
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Peking University
- Beijing 100871
| | - Pengwei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan
- China
| | - Zhan Wei
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Hebei University of Technology
- Tianjin
- China
| | - Peng Jin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Hebei University of Technology
- Tianjin
- China
| | - Zujin Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Magnetoelectric Materials and Devices
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Peking University
- Beijing 100871
| | - Xing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan
- China
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23
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Freisetzung der Spannung kondensierter Fünfringe des Fullerenkäfigs durch chemische Funktionalisierung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201901678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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24
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Guan R, Chen M, Jin F, Yang S. Strain Release of Fused Pentagons in Fullerene Cages by Chemical Functionalization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 59:1048-1073. [PMID: 30884036 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201901678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
According to the isolated pentagon rule (IPR), for stable fullerenes, the 12 pentagons should be isolated from one another by hexagons, otherwise the fused pentagons will result in an increase in the local steric strain of the fullerene cage. However, the successful isolation of more than 100 endohedral and exohedral fullerenes containing fused pentagons over the past 20 years has shown that strain release of fused pentagons in fullerene cages is feasible. Herein, we present a general overview on fused-pentagon-containing (i.e. non-IPR) fullerenes through an exhaustive review of all the types of fused-pentagon-containing fullerenes reported to date. We clarify how the strain of fused pentagons can be released in different manners, and provide an in-depth understanding of the role of fused pentagons in the stability, electronic properties, and chemical reactivity of fullerene cages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runnan Guan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Muqing Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Fei Jin
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Shangfeng Yang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, 230026, China
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Yang W, Velkos G, Liu F, Sudarkova SM, Wang Y, Zhuang J, Zhang H, Li X, Zhang X, Büchner B, Avdoshenko SM, Popov AA, Chen N. Single Molecule Magnetism with Strong Magnetic Anisotropy and Enhanced Dy∙∙∙Dy Coupling in Three Isomers of Dy-Oxide Clusterfullerene Dy 2O@C 82. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2019; 6:1901352. [PMID: 31637168 PMCID: PMC6794633 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201901352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A new class of single-molecule magnets (SMMs) based on Dy-oxide clusterfullerenes is synthesized. Three isomers of Dy2O@C82 with C s(6), C 3v(8), and C 2v(9) cage symmetries are characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, which shows that the endohedral Dy-(µ2-O)-Dy cluster has bent shape with very short Dy-O bonds. Dy2O@C82 isomers show SMM behavior with broad magnetic hysteresis, but the temperature and magnetization relaxation depend strongly on the fullerene cage. The short Dy-O distances and the large negative charge of the oxide ion in Dy2O@C82 result in the very strong magnetic anisotropy of Dy ions. Their magnetic moments are aligned along the Dy-O bonds and are antiferromagnetically (AFM) coupled. At low temperatures, relaxation of magnetization in Dy2O@C82 proceeds via the ferromagnetically (FM)-coupled excited state, giving Arrhenius behavior with the effective barriers equal to the AFM-FM energy difference. The AFM-FM energy differences of 5.4-12.9 cm-1 in Dy2O@C82 are considerably larger than in SMMs with {Dy2O2} bridges, and the Dy∙∙∙Dy exchange coupling in Dy2O@C82 is the strongest among all dinuclear Dy SMMs with diamagnetic bridges. Dy-oxide clusterfullerenes provide a playground for the further tuning of molecular magnetism via variation of the size and shape of the fullerene cage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yang
- College of ChemistryChemical Engineering and Materials ScienceSoochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu215123P. R. China
| | - Georgios Velkos
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden)Helmholtzstrasse 2001069DresdenGermany
| | - Fupin Liu
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden)Helmholtzstrasse 2001069DresdenGermany
| | - Svetlana M. Sudarkova
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden)Helmholtzstrasse 2001069DresdenGermany
| | - Yaofeng Wang
- College of ChemistryChemical Engineering and Materials ScienceSoochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu215123P. R. China
| | - Jiaxin Zhuang
- College of ChemistryChemical Engineering and Materials ScienceSoochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu215123P. R. China
| | - Hanning Zhang
- College of ChemistryChemical Engineering and Materials ScienceSoochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu215123P. R. China
| | - Xiang Li
- College of ChemistryChemical Engineering and Materials ScienceSoochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu215123P. R. China
| | - Xingxing Zhang
- College of ChemistryChemical Engineering and Materials ScienceSoochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu215123P. R. China
| | - Bernd Büchner
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden)Helmholtzstrasse 2001069DresdenGermany
| | - Stanislav M. Avdoshenko
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden)Helmholtzstrasse 2001069DresdenGermany
| | - Alexey A. Popov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden)Helmholtzstrasse 2001069DresdenGermany
| | - Ning Chen
- College of ChemistryChemical Engineering and Materials ScienceSoochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu215123P. R. China
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26
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Zhao Y, Li M, Xiong Y, Rahmani S, Yuan K, Zhao R, Ehara M, Nagase S, Zhao X. Pivotal Role of Nonmetal Atoms in the Stabilities, Geometries, Electronic Structures, and Isoelectronic Chemistry of Sc
3
X@C
80
(X = C, N, and O). J Comput Chem 2019; 40:2730-2738. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yao‐Xiao Zhao
- Institute for Chemical Physics & Department of Chemistry, School of Science, State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment & MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China
| | - Meng‐Yang Li
- Institute for Chemical Physics & Department of Chemistry, School of Science, State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment & MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China
| | - Yi‐Ming Xiong
- Institute for Chemical Physics & Department of Chemistry, School of Science, State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment & MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China
| | - Shirin Rahmani
- Institute for Chemical Physics & Department of Chemistry, School of Science, State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment & MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China
| | - Kun Yuan
- Institute for Chemical Physics & Department of Chemistry, School of Science, State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment & MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China
| | - Rui‐Sheng Zhao
- Institute for Chemical Physics & Department of Chemistry, School of Science, State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment & MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China
| | | | - Shigeru Nagase
- Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University Kyoto 606‐8103 Japan
| | - Xiang Zhao
- Institute for Chemical Physics & Department of Chemistry, School of Science, State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment & MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China
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Velkos G, Krylov DS, Kirkpatrick K, Spree L, Dubrovin V, Büchner B, Avdoshenko SM, Bezmelnitsyn V, Davis S, Faust P, Duchamp J, Dorn HC, Popov AA. Hohe Block‐Temperatur der Magnetisierung und herausragende Koerzitivfeldstärke im Azafulleren Tb
2
@C
79
N mit einer Einelektronen‐Terbium‐Terbium‐Bindung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201900943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Velkos
- Leibniz Institut für Festkörper- und Werkstoffforschung Helmholtzstraße 20 01069 Dresden Deutschland
| | - Denis S. Krylov
- Leibniz Institut für Festkörper- und Werkstoffforschung Helmholtzstraße 20 01069 Dresden Deutschland
- Center for Quantum NanoscienceInstitute for Basic Science (IBS) Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Kyle Kirkpatrick
- Department of ChemistryVirginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg Virginia 24061 USA
| | - Lukas Spree
- Leibniz Institut für Festkörper- und Werkstoffforschung Helmholtzstraße 20 01069 Dresden Deutschland
| | - Vasilii Dubrovin
- Leibniz Institut für Festkörper- und Werkstoffforschung Helmholtzstraße 20 01069 Dresden Deutschland
| | - Bernd Büchner
- Leibniz Institut für Festkörper- und Werkstoffforschung Helmholtzstraße 20 01069 Dresden Deutschland
| | - Stanislav M. Avdoshenko
- Leibniz Institut für Festkörper- und Werkstoffforschung Helmholtzstraße 20 01069 Dresden Deutschland
| | - Valeriy Bezmelnitsyn
- Luna nanoWorks, a Division ofLuna Innovation Inc. 521 Bridge St Danville Virginia USA
| | - Sean Davis
- Luna nanoWorks, a Division ofLuna Innovation Inc. 521 Bridge St Danville Virginia USA
| | - Paul Faust
- Department of ChemistryVirginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg Virginia 24061 USA
| | - James Duchamp
- Department of ChemistryVirginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg Virginia 24061 USA
| | - Harry C. Dorn
- Department of ChemistryVirginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg Virginia 24061 USA
| | - Alexey A. Popov
- Leibniz Institut für Festkörper- und Werkstoffforschung Helmholtzstraße 20 01069 Dresden Deutschland
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28
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Liu A, Nie M, Hao Y, Yang Y, Wang T, Slanina Z, Cong H, Feng L, Wang C, Uhlik F. Ho2O@C74: Ho2O Cluster Expands within a Small Non-IPR Fullerene Cage of C2(13333)-C74. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:4774-4781. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b03145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Along Liu
- College of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials InnovationS & Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
- Laboratory for New Fiber Materials and Modern Textile, Growing Base for State Key Laboratory, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Mingzhe Nie
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yajuan Hao
- College of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials InnovationS & Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Ying Yang
- College of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials InnovationS & Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Taishan Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zdenek Slanina
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721−0041, United States
| | - Hailin Cong
- Laboratory for New Fiber Materials and Modern Textile, Growing Base for State Key Laboratory, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Lai Feng
- College of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials InnovationS & Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Chunru Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Filip Uhlik
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic
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Velkos G, Krylov DS, Kirkpatrick K, Spree L, Dubrovin V, Büchner B, Avdoshenko SM, Bezmelnitsyn V, Davis S, Faust P, Duchamp J, Dorn HC, Popov AA. High Blocking Temperature of Magnetization and Giant Coercivity in the Azafullerene Tb 2 @C 79 N with a Single-Electron Terbium-Terbium Bond. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:5891-5896. [PMID: 30786125 PMCID: PMC6519270 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201900943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The azafullerene Tb2 @C79 N is found to be a single-molecule magnet with a high 100-s blocking temperature of magnetization of 24 K and large coercivity. Tb magnetic moments with an easy-axis single-ion magnetic anisotropy are strongly coupled by the unpaired spin of the single-electron Tb-Tb bond. Relaxation of magnetization in Tb2 @C79 N below 15 K proceeds via quantum tunneling of magnetization with the characteristic time τQTM =16 462±1230 s. At higher temperature, relaxation follows the Orbach mechanism with a barrier of 757±4 K, corresponding to the excited states, in which one of the Tb spins is flipped.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Velkos
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Denis S Krylov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany.,Center for Quantum Nanoscience, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyle Kirkpatrick
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24061, USA
| | - Lukas Spree
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Vasilii Dubrovin
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Bernd Büchner
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stanislav M Avdoshenko
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Valeriy Bezmelnitsyn
- Luna nanoWorks, a Division of, Luna Innovation Inc., 521 Bridge St, Danville, Virginia, USA
| | - Sean Davis
- Luna nanoWorks, a Division of, Luna Innovation Inc., 521 Bridge St, Danville, Virginia, USA
| | - Paul Faust
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24061, USA
| | - James Duchamp
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24061, USA
| | - Harry C Dorn
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24061, USA
| | - Alexey A Popov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
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Liu M, Hu J, Yu M, Fan W, Ding W, Wang Y. The syntheses, crystal structures, electrochemical and magnetic properties of tri-nuclear cyanide-bridged complexes [cis-MII(bpy)2(CN)2]2MnIII(salcy) (PF6) (M = Fe, Ru, Os). NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj04142c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Three cyanide-bridged heteronuclear complexes, [cis-M(bpy)2(CN)2]2Mn(salcy) (PF6) (M = Fe, 1; M = Ru, 2; M = Os, 3; bis(salicylideneiminato) dianion) were synthesized and fully characterized. Complexes 1 and 2 show low temperature antiferromagnetic order.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Drug Synthesis and Optimization
- Medical Innovation Research Institute
- Jingchu University of Technology
- Jingmen
- P. R. China
| | - Jianmei Hu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Drug Synthesis and Optimization
- Medical Innovation Research Institute
- Jingchu University of Technology
- Jingmen
- P. R. China
| | - Meng Yu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Drug Synthesis and Optimization
- Medical Innovation Research Institute
- Jingchu University of Technology
- Jingmen
- P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Fan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Drug Synthesis and Optimization
- Medical Innovation Research Institute
- Jingchu University of Technology
- Jingmen
- P. R. China
| | - Wenwen Ding
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Drug Synthesis and Optimization
- Medical Innovation Research Institute
- Jingchu University of Technology
- Jingmen
- P. R. China
| | - Yong Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Drug Synthesis and Optimization
- Medical Innovation Research Institute
- Jingchu University of Technology
- Jingmen
- P. R. China
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31
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Wang Y, Ma L, Mu L, Ren J, Kong X. A systematic study on the generation of multimetallic lanthanide fullerene ions by laser ablation mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2018; 32:1396-1402. [PMID: 29858507 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Laser ablation masss spectromety has been previously proved to be a powerful tool for studying endohedro metallofullerene (EMF) ions. Our previous study showed the possiblity of forming multi-metallofullerene ions containg more than six metal atoms for La, Y and Lu. Thus, it is important to conduct a systematic study on the generation of multi-metallofullerenes and their distribuitons for all lanthanide elements. METHODS Experiments were performed on a 7.0 T Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR) mass spectrometer. Laser ablation mass spectra were obtained by laser irradiation on mixtures of graphene and MCl3 on a stainless steel plate, applying a 355 nm Nd:YAG laser with a typical energy of 2.5 mJ/pulse. Reaction test experiments were performed by introducing O2 into the FTICR cell with a pulse valve. RESULTS Multi-metallofullerene ions Ce2-4C2m+, Pr2-4C2m+, Gd2-4C2m+, Nd3C2m+, Dy2-3C2m+, Tb2-7C2m+, Ho2-6C2m+ were observed in the mass spectra. For the metals Sm and Eu, no multi-metallofullerene ion was observed. No reaction with O2 was observed in the reaction experiments, verifying that these species had endohedral structures. For the observed series of multi-metallofullerene ions, tri-metallofullerene ions dominated their mass spectra. The results were further compared with previously generated EMF ions for La, Er, Tm, Yb and Lu. CONCLUSIONS Endohedral lanthanide metallofullerene ions were generated by laser ablation of graphene and the corresponding metal salts MCl3 (M = Ce, Pr, Nd, Gd, Tb, Dy and Ho) and studied with a FTICR mass spectrometer. Typically, multi-metallofullerene ions of TbnC2m+2≤n≤780≤2m≤176 and Ho6C2m+2≤n≤674≤2m≤162 were observed. The results show that the formation of multi-EMF ions containing lanthanides that have +3 and + 4 oxidation states is easier than those containing +2 oxidation states in the process of laser ablation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyun Wang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - LiFu Ma
- Tianjin University, School of Precision Instrument and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Lei Mu
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Juan Ren
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Xianglei Kong
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
- Nankai University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300071, China
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Schlesier C, Spree L, Kostanyan A, Westerström R, Brandenburg A, Wolter AUB, Yang S, Greber T, Popov AA. Strong carbon cage influence on the single molecule magnetism in Dy-Sc nitride clusterfullerenes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:9730-9733. [PMID: 30079423 PMCID: PMC6837867 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc05029e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic properties of endohedral metallofullerenes with nitride clusters DySc2N and Dy2ScN and different carbon cages are studied by SQUID magnetometry. All molecules behave as single molecule magnets (SMMs) and exhibit magnetic hysteresis. It is found that the blocking temperature of magnetization and relaxation times strongly depend on the fullerene cage, with the C80-Ih isomer offering the best SMM properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christin Schlesier
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW), D-01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Lukas Spree
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW), D-01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Aram Kostanyan
- Physik-Institut der Universität Zürich, Winterthurerstr. 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Rasmus Westerström
- Physik-Institut der Universität Zürich, Winterthurerstr. 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ariane Brandenburg
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW), D-01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Anja U B Wolter
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW), D-01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Shangfeng Yang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Thomas Greber
- Physik-Institut der Universität Zürich, Winterthurerstr. 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Alexey A Popov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW), D-01069 Dresden, Germany.
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Krylov DS, Liu F, Brandenburg A, Spree L, Bon V, Kaskel S, Wolter AUB, Büchner B, Avdoshenko SM, Popov AA. Magnetization relaxation in the single-ion magnet DySc 2N@C 80: quantum tunneling, magnetic dilution, and unconventional temperature dependence. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:11656-11672. [PMID: 29671443 PMCID: PMC5933001 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp01608a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Quantum tunneling and relaxation of magnetization in single molecule magnet DySc2N@C80 is thoroughly studied as a function of magnetic dilution, temperature, and magnetic field.
Relaxation of magnetization in endohedral metallofullerenes DySc2N@C80 is studied at different temperatures, in different magnetic fields, and in different molecular arrangements. Magnetization behavior and relaxation are analyzed for powder sample, and for DySc2N@C80 diluted in non-magnetic fullerene Lu3N@C80, adsorbed in voids of a metal–organic framework, and dispersed in a polymer. The magnetic field dependence and zero-field relaxation are also studied for single-crystals of DySc2N@C80 co-crystallized with Ni(ii) octaethylporphyrin, as well as for the single crystal diluted with Lu3N@C80. Landau–Zener theory is applied to analyze quantum tunneling of magnetization in the crystals. The field dependence of relaxation rates revealed a dramatic dependence of the zero-field tunneling resonance width on the dilution and is explained with the help of an analysis of dipolar field distributions. AC magnetometry is used then to get access to the relaxation of magnetization in a broader temperature range, from 2 to 87 K. Finally, a theoretical framework describing the spin dynamics with dissipation is proposed to study magnetization relaxation phenomena in single molecule magnets.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Krylov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
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Yang S, Wei T, Jin F. When metal clusters meet carbon cages: endohedral clusterfullerenes. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 46:5005-5058. [PMID: 28681052 DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00498a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Fullerenes have the characteristic of a hollow interior, and this unique feature triggers intuitive inspiration to entrap atoms, ions or clusters inside the carbon cage in the form of endohedral fullerenes. In particular, upon entrapping an otherwise unstable metal cluster into a carbon cage, the so-called endohedral clusterfullerenes fulfil the mutual stabilization of the inner metal cluster and the outer fullerene cage with a specific isomeric structure which is often unstable as an empty fullerene. A variety of metal clusters have been reported to form endohedral clusterfullerenes, including metal nitrides, carbides, oxides, sulfides, cyanides and so on, making endohedral clusterfullerenes the most variable and intriguing branch of endohedral fullerenes. In this review article, we present an exhaustive review on all types of endohedral clusterfullerenes reported to date, including their discoveries, syntheses, separations, molecular structures and properties as well as their potential applications in versatile fields such as biomedicine, energy conversion, and so on. At the end, we present an outlook on the prospect of endohedral clusterfullerenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangfeng Yang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei 230026, China.
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Feng M, Tong ML. Single Ion Magnets from 3d to 5f: Developments and Strategies. Chemistry 2018; 24:7574-7594. [PMID: 29385282 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201705761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Single-ion magnets (SIMs), exhibiting slow magnetization relaxation in the absence of the magnetic field, originate from their single spin-carrier centre. In pursuit of high-performance magnetic properties, such as high spin-reversal barrier and high blocking temperature, various metal centres were investigated to establish SIMs, including 3d and 5d transition metal ions, 4f lanthanide ions, and 5f actinide ions, which possess unique zero-field splitting and magnetic properties. Therefore, proper ligand field is of great importance to different types of metals. In the given great breakthroughs since the first SIM, [Pc2 Tb]- (Pc=dianion of phthalocyanine), was reported, strategies of ligand field design have emerged. In this review, the developments of SIMs with different metal centres are summarized, as well as the possible strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Feng
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Ming-Liang Tong
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
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37
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Zhao P, Zhao X, Ehara M. Theoretical Insights into Monometallofullerene Th@C76: Strong Covalent Interaction between Thorium and the Carbon Cage. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:2961-2964. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b03114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pei Zhao
- Institute for Chemical Physics & Department of Chemistry, School of Science, State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Xiang Zhao
- Institute for Chemical Physics & Department of Chemistry, School of Science, State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Masahiro Ehara
- Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
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38
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Wang Y, Zhu X, Sheng T, Wu X. Syntheses, crystal structures, and magnetic properties of cyanide-bridged complexes trans-Ru II(dppe) 2(CN) 2(Fe IIIX 3) 2(X = Cl and Br). NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj05048h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cyanide-bridged complexestrans-RuII(dppe)2(CN)2(FeIIIX3)2(X = Cl,2; X = Br,3) and their parenttrans-ClRuII(dppe)2(CN) (1) were synthesized and fully characterized. The magnetic properties of2and3have been investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Fuzhou
- Fujian 350002
| | - Xiaoquan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Fuzhou
- Fujian 350002
| | - Tianlu Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Fuzhou
- Fujian 350002
| | - Xintao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Fuzhou
- Fujian 350002
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39
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Gorczyński A, Marcinkowski D, Kubicki M, Löffler M, Korabik M, Karbowiak M, Wiśniewski P, Rudowicz C, Patroniak V. New field-induced single ion magnets based on prolate Er(iii) and Yb(iii) ions: tuning the energy barrierUeffby the choice of counterions within an N3-tridentate Schiff-base scaffold. Inorg Chem Front 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7qi00727b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Counterions modulate the structure and magnetic properties of rarely observed high-coordinate SIM species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Gorczyński
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Adam Mickiewicz University
- 61-614 Poznań
- Poland
| | | | - Maciej Kubicki
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Adam Mickiewicz University
- 61-614 Poznań
- Poland
| | - Marta Löffler
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of Wrocław
- 50-383 Wrocław
- Poland
| | - Maria Korabik
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of Wrocław
- 50-383 Wrocław
- Poland
| | | | - Piotr Wiśniewski
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- 50-422 Wrocław
- Poland
| | - Czesław Rudowicz
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Adam Mickiewicz University
- 61-614 Poznań
- Poland
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40
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Li QZ, Zheng JJ, He L, Nagase S, Zhao X. La–La bonded dimetallofullerenes [La2@C2n]−: species for stabilizing C2n (2n = 92–96) besides La2C2@C2n. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:14671-14678. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp01371c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Theoretical investigations suggest that carbon cages C2n could be captured as both electron reduced [La2@C2n]− with La–La bonding and pristine La2C2@C2n forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao-Zhi Li
- Institute for Chemical Physics and Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment
- Xi’an Jiaotong University
- Xi’an 710049
| | - Jia-Jia Zheng
- Institute for Chemical Physics and Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment
- Xi’an Jiaotong University
- Xi’an 710049
| | - Ling He
- Institute for Chemical Physics and Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment
- Xi’an Jiaotong University
- Xi’an 710049
| | - Shigeru Nagase
- Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University
- Kyoto 606-8103
- Japan
| | - Xiang Zhao
- Institute for Chemical Physics and Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment
- Xi’an Jiaotong University
- Xi’an 710049
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41
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Shangfeng Yang. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201712623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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42
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43
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Jin F, Wang S, Tamm NB, Yang S, Troyanov SI. Synthesis, Isolation, and Trifluoromethylation of Two Isomers of C 84
-Based Monometallic Cyanide Clusterfullerenes: Interplay between the Endohedral Cluster and the Exohedral Addends. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201707298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Jin
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale; CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion; Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei 230026 China
| | - Song Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale; CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion; Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei 230026 China
| | - Nadezhda B. Tamm
- Department of Chemistry; Moscow State University; 119991 Moscow, Leninskie gory Russia
| | - Shangfeng Yang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale; CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion; Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei 230026 China
| | - Sergey I. Troyanov
- Department of Chemistry; Moscow State University; 119991 Moscow, Leninskie gory Russia
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44
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Chen CH, Krylov DS, Avdoshenko S, Liu F, Spree L, Yadav R, Alvertis A, Hozoi L, Nenkov K, Kostanyan A, Greber T, Wolter AUB, Popov AA. Selective arc-discharge synthesis of Dy 2S-clusterfullerenes and their isomer-dependent single molecule magnetism. Chem Sci 2017; 8:6451-6465. [PMID: 29263779 PMCID: PMC5734629 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc02395b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A method for the selective synthesis of sulfide clusterfullerenes Dy2S@C2n is developed. Addition of methane to the reactive atmosphere reduces the formation of empty fullerenes in the arc-discharge synthesis, whereas the use of Dy2S3 as a source of metal and sulfur affords sulfide clusterfullerenes as the main fullerene products along with smaller amounts of carbide clusterfullerenes. Two isomers of Dy2S@C82 with Cs(6) and C3v(8) cage symmetry, Dy2S@C72-Cs(10528), and a carbide clusterfullerene Dy2C2@C82-Cs(6) were isolated. The molecular structure of both Dy2S@C82 isomers was elucidated by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. SQUID magnetometry demonstrates that all of these clusterfullerenes exhibit hysteresis of magnetization, with Dy2S@C82-C3v(8) being the strongest single molecule magnet in the series. DC- and AC-susceptibility measurements were used to determine magnetization relaxation times in the temperature range from 1.6 K to 70 K. Unprecedented magnetization relaxation dynamics with three consequent Orbach processes and energy barriers of 10.5, 48, and 1232 K are determined for Dy2S@C82-C3v(8). Dy2S@C82-Cs(6) exhibits faster relaxation of magnetization with two barriers of 15.2 and 523 K. Ab initio calculations were used to interpret experimental data and compare the Dy-sulfide clusterfullerenes to other Dy-clusterfullerenes. The smallest and largest barriers are ascribed to the exchange/dipolar barrier and relaxation via crystal-field states, respectively, whereas an intermediate energy barrier of 48 K in Dy2S@C82-C3v(8) is assigned to the local phonon mode, corresponding to the librational motion of the Dy2S cluster inside the carbon cage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hsiang Chen
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden , 01069 Dresden , Germany .
| | - Denis S. Krylov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden , 01069 Dresden , Germany .
| | - Stanislav M. Avdoshenko
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden , 01069 Dresden , Germany .
| | - Fupin Liu
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden , 01069 Dresden , Germany .
| | - Lukas Spree
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden , 01069 Dresden , Germany .
| | - Ravi Yadav
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden , 01069 Dresden , Germany .
| | - Antonis Alvertis
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden , 01069 Dresden , Germany .
| | - Liviu Hozoi
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden , 01069 Dresden , Germany .
| | - Konstantin Nenkov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden , 01069 Dresden , Germany .
| | - Aram Kostanyan
- Physik-Institut , Universität Zürich , Zürich , Switzerland
| | - Thomas Greber
- Physik-Institut , Universität Zürich , Zürich , Switzerland
| | - Anja U. B. Wolter
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden , 01069 Dresden , Germany .
| | - Alexey A. Popov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden , 01069 Dresden , Germany .
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45
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Jin F, Wang S, Tamm NB, Yang S, Troyanov SI. Synthesis, Isolation, and Trifluoromethylation of Two Isomers of C84
-Based Monometallic Cyanide Clusterfullerenes: Interplay between the Endohedral Cluster and the Exohedral Addends. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:11990-11994. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201707298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Jin
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale; CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion; Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei 230026 China
| | - Song Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale; CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion; Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei 230026 China
| | - Nadezhda B. Tamm
- Department of Chemistry; Moscow State University; 119991 Moscow, Leninskie gory Russia
| | - Shangfeng Yang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale; CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion; Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei 230026 China
| | - Sergey I. Troyanov
- Department of Chemistry; Moscow State University; 119991 Moscow, Leninskie gory Russia
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46
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Krylov DS, Liu F, Avdoshenko SM, Spree L, Weise B, Waske A, Wolter AUB, Büchner B, Popov AA. Record-high thermal barrier of the relaxation of magnetization in the nitride clusterfullerene Dy 2ScN@C 80-I h. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:7901-7904. [PMID: 28656179 PMCID: PMC5730045 DOI: 10.1039/c7cc03580b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The Dy-Sc nitride clusterfullerene Dy2ScN@C80-Ih exhibits slow relaxation of magnetization up to 76 K. Above 60 K, thermally-activated relaxation proceeds via the fifth-excited Kramers doublet with the energy of 1735 ± 21 K, which is the highest barrier ever reported for dinuclear lanthanide single molecule magnets.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Krylov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - F Liu
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - S M Avdoshenko
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - L Spree
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - B Weise
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - A Waske
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - A U B Wolter
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - B Büchner
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - A A Popov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
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47
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Liu F, Wang S, Gao CL, Deng Q, Zhu X, Kostanyan A, Westerström R, Jin F, Xie SY, Popov AA, Greber T, Yang S. Mononuclear Clusterfullerene Single-Molecule Magnet Containing Strained Fused-Pentagons Stabilized by a Nearly Linear Metal Cyanide Cluster. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:1830-1834. [PMID: 28079303 PMCID: PMC5295638 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201611345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Fused-pentagons results in an increase of local steric strain according to the isolated pentagon rule (IPR), and for all reported non-IPR clusterfullerenes multiple (two or three) metals are required to stabilize the strained fused-pentagons, making it difficult to access the single-atom properties. Herein, we report the syntheses and isolations of novel non-IPR mononuclear clusterfullerenes MNC@C76 (M=Tb, Y), in which one pair of strained fused-pentagon is stabilized by a mononuclear cluster. The molecular structures of MNC@C76 (M=Tb, Y) were determined unambiguously by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, featuring a non-IPR C2v (19138)-C76 cage entrapping a nearly linear MNC cluster, which is remarkably different from the triangular MNC cluster within the reported analogous clusterfullerenes based on IPR-obeying C82 cages. The TbNC@C76 molecule is found to be a field-induced single-molecule magnet (SMM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fupin Liu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Song Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Cong-Li Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Qingming Deng
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden, Helmholtzstrasse 20, Dresden, 01069, Germany
| | - Xianjun Zhu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Aram Kostanyan
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Rasmus Westerström
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Fei Jin
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Su-Yuan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Alexey A Popov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden, Helmholtzstrasse 20, Dresden, 01069, Germany
| | - Thomas Greber
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Shangfeng Yang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
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48
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Bartolomé E, Arauzo A, Luzón J, Bartolomé J, Bartolomé F. Magnetic Relaxation of Lanthanide-Based Molecular Magnets. HANDBOOK OF MAGNETIC MATERIALS 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.hmm.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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