1
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Zhang X, Lan K, Cheng C. Figure-Eight Bismacrocycles Derived from a Tetraphenylmethane Core and Oligoparaphenylene Loops. Org Lett 2024; 26:7853-7857. [PMID: 39240131 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c02701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
Cycloparaphenylenes have garnered significant interest due to their distinctive chemical and physical characteristics. This study presents the synthesis and comprehensive characterization of two bis-macrocycle molecules joined by cycloparaphenylene and tetraphenylmethane moieties. Both molecules were thoroughly characterized using NMR, MALDI-TOF-HRMS, and X-ray diffraction. UV-vis spectroscopy revealed maximum absorption peaks at 325 and 328 nm, while the two bismacrocycles exhibit fluorescence emissions at 470 and 457 nm, consistent with DFT calculations. The computational analysis also disclosed the HOMO-LUMO gaps of 3.373 and 3.342 eV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Kai Lan
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Chuyang Cheng
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
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2
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Gao JN, Bu A, Chen Y, Huang M, Chen Z, Li X, Tung CH, Wu LZ, Cong H. Synthesis of All-Benzene Multi-Macrocyclic Nanocarbons by Post-Functionalization of meta-Cycloparaphenylenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202408016. [PMID: 38828671 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202408016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Expanding the diversity of multi-macrocyclic nanocarbons, particularly those with all-benzene scaffolds, represents intriguing yet challenging synthetic tasks. Complementary to the existing synthetic approaches, here we report an efficient and modular post-functionalization strategy that employs iridium-catalyzed C-H borylation of the highly strained meta-cycloparaphenylenes (mCPPs) and an mCPP-derived catenane. Based on the functionalized macrocyclic synthons, a number of novel all-benzene topological structures including linear and cyclic chains, polycatenane, and pretzelane have been successfully prepared and characterized, thereby showcasing the synthetic utility and potential of the post-functionalization strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Nan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, CAS-HKU Joint Laboratory on New Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry; School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - An Bu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, CAS-HKU Joint Laboratory on New Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry; School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yiming Chen
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, CAS-HKU Joint Laboratory on New Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry; School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Mianling Huang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Guangdong, 518060, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Guangdong, 518060, China
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Guangdong, 518060, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chen-Ho Tung
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, CAS-HKU Joint Laboratory on New Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry; School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Li-Zhu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, CAS-HKU Joint Laboratory on New Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry; School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Huan Cong
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, CAS-HKU Joint Laboratory on New Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry; School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
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3
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Zhou Q, Xu Z, Li K, Tian X, Ye L, Sun Z. Synthesis and Properties of a Strained Triple Nanohoop. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202301131. [PMID: 38721778 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202301131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
A strained triple nanohoop with a shared central benzene unit is synthesized using a threefold intramolecular ring-closing approach. Among the five possible constitutional isomers, the isomer with the highest D3h symmetry is isolated, the structure of which contains three nanohoop blades and a central hexaphenylbenzene unit. The structure is elucidated using NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The optical and electrochemical properties are investigated, revealing a moderate fluorescence quantum yield of 40 %. A water-soluble nanomaterial is prepared using a nanoparticle encapsulation method, and a fluorescence quantum yield of 10 % is retained, which demonstrates the potential of the nanomaterial in biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zhou
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Zhuofan Xu
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Ke Li
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqi Tian
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Lei Ye
- Institute of Biomedical Health Technology and Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518132, China
| | - Zhe Sun
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
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4
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Bliksted Roug Pedersen V, Price TW, Kofod N, Zakharov LN, Laursen BW, Jasti R, Brøndsted Nielsen M. Synthesis and Properties of Fluorenone-Containing Cycloparaphenylenes and Their Late-Stage Transformation. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303490. [PMID: 37930279 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Cycloparaphenylenes (CPPs) are the smallest possible armchair carbon nanotubes, the properties of which strongly depend on their ring size. They can be further tuned by either peripheral functionalization or by replacing phenylene rings for other aromatic units. Here we show how four novel donor-acceptor chromophores were obtained by incorporating fluorenone or 2-(9H-fluoren-9-ylidene)malononitrile into the loops of two differently sized CPPs. Synthetically, we managed to perform late-stage functionalization of the fluorenone-based rings by high-yielding Knoevenagel condensations. The structures were confirmed by X-ray crystallographic analyses, which revealed that replacing a phenylene for a fused-ring-system acceptor introduces additional strain. The donor-acceptor characters of the CPPs were supported by absorption and fluorescence spectroscopic studies, electrochemical studies (displaying the CPPs as multi-redox systems undergoing reversible or quasi-reversible redox events), as well as by computations. The oligophenylene parts were found to comprise the electron donor units of the macrocycles and the fluorenone parts the acceptor units.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tavis W Price
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, and, Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | - Nicolaj Kofod
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Lev N Zakharov
- CAMCOR-Center for Advanced Materials Characterization in Oregon, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, 97403, USA
| | - Bo W Laursen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Ramesh Jasti
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, and, Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | - Mogens Brøndsted Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
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5
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Liu L, Liu Y, Zhang Z, Wang T. Theoretical Study on a Supramolecular Dimeric Structure Constructed by Metallofullerene Y 3N@C 80 and Figure-of-Eight Nanoring. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:23754-23762. [PMID: 37426245 PMCID: PMC10324084 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
A new supramolecular complex with a dimeric structure (2Y3N@C80⊂OPP) constructed by metallofullerene Y3N@Ih-C80 and figure-of-eight molecular nanoring of oligoparaphenylene (OPP) was investigated using dispersion-corrected density functional theory (DFT-D3). The interactions between the Y3N@Ih-C80 guest and the OPP host were studied theoretically at the B3LYP-D3/6-31G(d)∼SDD level. By analyzing geometric characteristics and host-guest binding energies, it is revealed that the OPP is an ideal host molecule for the Y3N@Ih-C80 guest. Typically, the OPP can well induce the orientation of the endohedral Y3N cluster on the plane of nanoring. Meanwhile, the configuration of the dimeric structure demonstrates that OPP presents excellent elastic adaptability and shape flexibility during the encapsulation of Y3N@Ih-C80. Highly accurate binding energy suggests that 2Y3N@C80⊂OPP (∼-443.82 kJ mol-1 at the ωB97M-V/def2-QZVPP level of theory) is an extremely stable host-guest complex. Thermodynamic information indicates that the formation of the 2Y3N@C80⊂OPP dimer is thermodynamically spontaneous. Furthermore, electronic property analysis reveals that this dimeric structure has a strong electron-attracting ability. Energy decomposition and real-space function analyses of host-guest interactions reveal the characteristics and nature of the noncovalent interactions in the supramolecules. These results provide theoretical support for the design of new host-guest systems based on metallofullerene and nanoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linshan Liu
- Key
Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials,
College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key
Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials,
College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Zhuxia Zhang
- College
of Chemistry, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Taishan Wang
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular
Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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6
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Jana K, Narasimha Moorthy J. Influence of Triptycene Annulation on the Photochromism of Diphenylnaphthopyrans: Entropic Control of Thermal Reversion. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202202757. [PMID: 36437235 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Regioisomeric naphthopyrans annulated with triptycene, i. e., Prox-NP and Dist-NP, display divergent photochromic behaviors. While steady-state photolysis of Dist-NP led to a very labile colored intermediate that is not observable at room temperature, Prox-NP yielded a remarkably stable species characterized by X-ray crystallography as the TT isomer of o-quinonoid intermediate (Prox-NPQ) with t1/2 ca. 0.18 years at 298 K. The kinetic analysis of thermal reversion reveals that the bleaching of Prox-NPQ is entropically controlled; the steric effect due to the rigid triptycene scaffold renders Prox-NP a highly constrained system such that the photogenerated colored o-quinonoid form is more entropically relaxed. This constitutes the first instance of an entropically-controlled thermal reversion for the celebrated class of photochromic naphthopyrans. Based on the response of Prox-NP and its colored intermediate Prox-NPQ to different stimuli, namely, light, heat, and acid, the molecular system can be likened to a logic gate with the 'INHIBIT' function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanyashree Jana
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, 208016, India
| | - Jarugu Narasimha Moorthy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, 208016, India.,School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Trivandrum, 695551, India
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7
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Terabayashi T, Kayahara E, Zhang Y, Mizuhata Y, Tokitoh N, Nishinaga T, Kato T, Yamago S. Synthesis of Twisted [n]Cycloparaphenylene by Alkene Insertion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202214960. [PMID: 36349975 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202214960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Mono-alkene-inserted [n]cycloparaphenylenes 1 [(ene)-[n]CPP] with n=6, 8, and 10, mono-ortho-phenylene-inserted [6]CPP 2, and di-alkene-insertved [n]CPP 3 [(ene)2 -[n]CPP] with n=4, 6, and 8 were synthesized by fusing CPP precursors and alkene or ortho- phenylene groups through coupling reactions. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses reveal that the strips formed by the π-surfaces of 1 and 2 exhibited a Möbius topology in the solid state. While the Möbius topology in the parent 1 and 2 in solution was lost due to the free rotation of the paraphenylene unit even at low temperatures, ene-[6]CPP 4 with eight 1-pyrrolyl groups preserved the Möbius topology even in solution. Despite a twist, 1 has in-plane conjugation and possesses a unique size dependence of the electronic properties: namely, the opposite size dependency of the HOMO-LUMO energy relative to conventional π-conjugated molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eiichi Kayahara
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Yichen Zhang
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, 611-0011, Japan
| | | | - Norihiro Tokitoh
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Tohru Nishinaga
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Tatsuhisa Kato
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Shigeru Yamago
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, 611-0011, Japan
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8
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Wei Y, Zhou P, Chen X, Bao Q, Xie L. Research Progress on Organic Nanohoops/Nanogrids. ACTA CHIMICA SINICA 2023. [DOI: 10.6023/a22110480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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9
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Fang P, Chen M, Zhang X, Du P. Selective synthesis and (chir)optical properties of binaphthyl-based chiral carbon macrocycles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:8278-8281. [PMID: 35790128 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc01242a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report the selective synthesis, characterization, and photophysical properties of two novel chiral carbon macrocycles. Non-planar (S)-2,2'-bis(methoxymethoxy)-1,1'-binaphthalene was introduced into the scaffold of oligo-paraphenylenes to achieve the chirality in these macrocycles. Their photophysical properties were investigated by steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopies, as well as circular dichroism and circularly polarized luminescence spectroscopies. We demonstrate that the emission maxima of the chiral macrocycles are redshifted compared to chiral binaphthyl units and that macrocycles show chiroptical properties (|glum| > 1.0 × 10-3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengwei Fang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, iChEM, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230026, China.
| | - Muqing Chen
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, Guangdong Province, 523808, China.
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, iChEM, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230026, China.
| | - Pingwu Du
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, iChEM, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230026, China.
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10
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Li K, Xu Z, Xu J, Weng T, Chen X, Sato S, Wu J, Sun Z. Overcrowded Ethylene-Bridged Nanohoop Dimers: Regioselective Synthesis, Multiconfigurational Electronic States, and Global Hückel/Möbius Aromaticity. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:20419-20430. [PMID: 34817177 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c10170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The design and preparation of molecular systems with multiple geometric and electronic configurations are the cornerstones for multifunctional materials with stimuli-responsive behaviors. We describe here the regioselective and facile synthesis of two types of overcrowded ethylene-bridged nanohoop dimers, with folded and twisted geometric structures as well as closed-shell, diradical and dication electronic structures. The strained nanohoop structures have a profound effect on the overall molecular and electronic configurations, which resulted in the destabilized diradical state. X-ray crystallographic analysis revealed the folded molecular geometry for the neutral species and twisted geometry for the dication species. The unique molecular dynamics, optical properties, and dynamic redox properties were disclosed in the solution phase by spectroscopic and electrochemical methods. Furthermore, the global Hückel and Möbius aromaticity were revealed by a combination of experimental and theoretical approaches. Our studies shed light on the design of nanohoop-incorporated multiconfigurational materials with unique topologies and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Li
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Zhuofan Xu
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Health Science Platform, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Taoyu Weng
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xing Chen
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Sota Sato
- Department of Applied Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Jishan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543
| | - Zhe Sun
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
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11
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Yang Y, Juríček M. Fullerene Wires Assembled Inside Carbon Nanohoops. Chempluschem 2021; 87:e202100468. [PMID: 34825520 PMCID: PMC9298906 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202100468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Carbon-nanohoop structures featuring one or more round-shaped cavities represent ideal supramolecular hosts for spherical fullerenes, with potential to form host-guest complexes that perform as organic semiconductors in the solid state. Due to the tight complexation between the shape-complementary hosts and guests, carbon nanohoops have the potential to shield fullerenes from water and oxygen, known to perturb the electron-transport process. Many nanohoop receptors have been found to form host-guest complexes with fullerenes. However, there is only a little or no control over the long-range order of encapsulated fullerenes in the solid state. Consequently, the potential of these complexes to perform as organic semiconductors is rarely evaluated. Herein, we present a survey of all known nanohoop-fullerene complexes, for which the solid-state structures were obtained. We discuss and propose instances where the inclusion fullerene guests form discrete supramolecular wires, which might open up possibilities for their use in electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Yang
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of ZurichWinterthurerstrasse 1908057ZurichSwitzerland
| | - Michal Juríček
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of ZurichWinterthurerstrasse 1908057ZurichSwitzerland
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12
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Yang Y, Huangfu S, Sato S, Juríček M. Cycloparaphenylene Double Nanohoop: Structure, Lamellar Packing, and Encapsulation of C 60 in the Solid State. Org Lett 2021; 23:7943-7948. [PMID: 34558903 PMCID: PMC8524662 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A new member of the cycloparaphenylene double-nanohoop family was synthesized. Its π-framework features two oval cavities that display different shapes depending on the crystallization conditions. Incorporation of the peropyrene bridge within the nanoring cycles via bay-regions alleviates steric effects and thus allows 1:1 complexation with C60 in the solid state. This nanocarbon adopts a lamellar packing motif, and our results suggest that the structural adjustment of this double nanohoop could enable its use in supramolecular and semiconductive materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Shangxiong Huangfu
- Laboratory for High Performance Ceramics, Empa, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.,Department of Physics, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sota Sato
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Michal Juríček
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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13
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Sun Z, Li K. Recent Advances in Dimeric Cycloparaphenylenes as Nanotube Fragments. Synlett 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1534-3103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AbstractSince the discovery of cycloparaphenylenes in 2008, the chemical synthesis of more-complicated molecular systems with curved π-surfaces has been vigorously sought, giving rise to a plethora of new exciting molecules with various topologies and functions. This Synpacts article briefly summarizes recent examples of carbon nanohoop dimers, highlighting three examples as nanotube fragments. Their synthesis, isomerization, photophysical properties, and host–guest chemistry are discussed.1 Introduction2 Synthetic Strategy toward Nanotube Dimers3 Isomerization Dynamics of Nanotube Dimers4 Photophysical Properties of Nanotube Dimers5 Host–Guest Chemistry of Nanotube Dimers6 Conclusions
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14
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Yang Y, Blacque O, Sato S, Juríček M. Cycloparaphenylene-Phenalenyl Radical and Its Dimeric Double Nanohoop*. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:13529-13535. [PMID: 33635576 PMCID: PMC8252656 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202101792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The first example of a neutral spin-delocalized carbon-nanoring radical was achieved by integration of the open-shell phenalenyl unit into cycloparaphenylene (CPP). Spin distribution in this hydrocarbon is localized primarily on the phenalenyl segment and partially on the CPP segment as a consequence of steric and electronic effects. The resulting geometry is reminiscent of a diamond ring, with pseudo-perpendicular arrangement of the radial and the planar π-surface. The phenylene rings attached directly to the phenalenyl unit give rise to a steric effect that governs a highly selective dimerization pathway, yielding a giant double nanohoop. Its π-framework made of 158 sp2 -carbon atoms was elucidated by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, which revealed a three-segment CPP-peropyrene-CPP structure. This nanocarbon shows a fluorescence profile characteristic of peropyrene, regardless of which segment gets excited. These results in conjunction with DFT suggest that adjusting the size of the CPP segments in this double nanohoop could deliver donor-acceptor systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Yang
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of ZurichWinterthurerstrasse 1908057ZurichSwitzerland
| | - Olivier Blacque
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of ZurichWinterthurerstrasse 1908057ZurichSwitzerland
| | - Sota Sato
- Department of Applied ChemistryThe University of TokyoHongo, Bunkyo-kuTokyo113-8656Japan
| | - Michal Juríček
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of ZurichWinterthurerstrasse 1908057ZurichSwitzerland
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15
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Lingas R, Charistos ND, Muñoz-Castro A. Aromaticity of ortho and meta 8-Cycloparaphenylene and Their Dications: Induced Magnetic Field Analysis with Localized and Delocalized Orbitals in Strained Nanohoops. Chemphyschem 2021; 22:741-751. [PMID: 33620136 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202100057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Dications of cycloparaphenyles ([n]CPPs) are known to exhibit in-plane global aromaticity, contained in a nanobelt structure. Recently synthesized ortho and meta isomers of [n]CPPs break the radial symmetry of π structure incorporating perpendicular oriented π orbitals. Herein we set to explore the aromaticity of neutral and dicationic ortho and meta isomers of [8]CPP by dissecting the induced magnetic field to contributions of the twofold radial/perpendicular π system using delocalized canonical molecular orbitals (CMO), and introducing the natural localized molecular orbitals (NLMO) analysis with DFT methods. The dications sustain a reduced global aromatic character of the radial π system under a perpendicular orientation of the external field which declines from ortho to meta isomer and reinforces local aromaticity of ortho ring while it destroys aromaticity of meta ring. Aromaticity variations are determined by symmetry governed rotational excitations of frontier π orbitals. The parallel orientation reveals a substantial reduction of local aromaticity verified with NICSπ analysis and electron delocalization indices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Lingas
- Department of Chemistry Laboratory of Quantum and Computational Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 54 124, Greece
| | - Nickolas D Charistos
- Department of Chemistry Laboratory of Quantum and Computational Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 54 124, Greece
| | - Alvaro Muñoz-Castro
- Grupo de Química Inorgánica y Materiales Moleculares Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, El Llano Subercaseaux, 2801, Santiago, Chile
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16
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Yang Y, Blacque O, Sato S, Juríček M. Cycloparaphenylene–Phenalenyl Radical and Its Dimeric Double Nanohoop**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202101792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Yang
- Department of Chemistry University of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Olivier Blacque
- Department of Chemistry University of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Sota Sato
- Department of Applied Chemistry The University of Tokyo Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - Michal Juríček
- Department of Chemistry University of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zurich Switzerland
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17
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Li K, Xu Z, Deng H, Zhou Z, Dang Y, Sun Z. Dimeric Cycloparaphenylenes with a Rigid Aromatic Linker. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202016995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Li
- Institute of Molecular Plus Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences Tianjin University 92 Weijin Road Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Zhanqiang Xu
- Institute of Molecular Plus Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences Tianjin University 92 Weijin Road Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Han Deng
- Institute of Molecular Plus Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences Tianjin University 92 Weijin Road Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Zhennan Zhou
- Beijing International Center for Mathematical Research Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Yanfeng Dang
- Department of Chemistry and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences Tianjin University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Zhe Sun
- Institute of Molecular Plus Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences Tianjin University 92 Weijin Road Tianjin 300072 China
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18
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Li K, Xu Z, Deng H, Zhou Z, Dang Y, Sun Z. Dimeric Cycloparaphenylenes with a Rigid Aromatic Linker. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:7649-7653. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202016995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Li
- Institute of Molecular Plus Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences Tianjin University 92 Weijin Road Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Zhanqiang Xu
- Institute of Molecular Plus Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences Tianjin University 92 Weijin Road Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Han Deng
- Institute of Molecular Plus Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences Tianjin University 92 Weijin Road Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Zhennan Zhou
- Beijing International Center for Mathematical Research Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Yanfeng Dang
- Department of Chemistry and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences Tianjin University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Zhe Sun
- Institute of Molecular Plus Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences Tianjin University 92 Weijin Road Tianjin 300072 China
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19
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarong Shi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Chongqing, P. R. China, 400030
| | - Lianggui Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Chongqing, P. R. China, 400030
| | - Yang Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Chongqing, P. R. China, 400030
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20
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Ishigaki Y, Hayashi Y, Suzuki T. Photo- and Thermal Interconversion of Multiconfigurational Strained Hydrocarbons Exhibiting Completely Switchable Oxidation to Stable Dicationic Dyes. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:18293-18300. [PMID: 31630518 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b09646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Highly strained hydrocarbons with two di/tribenzocycloheptatriene units were designed as electrochromic overcrowded ethylenes that undergo reversible interconversion with stable dicationic dyes. Due to severe steric repulsion, two configurational isomers (anti,anti-folded and syn,anti-folded forms) were isolated as stable entities. Photo- and thermal interconversion of these isomers proceeded cleanly: one-way photoisomerization occurred from anti,anti- to syn,anti-form and one-way thermal isomerization was observed from syn,anti- to anti,anti-form. Even though both isomers undergo two-electron oxidation into the same twisted dications, quite different oxidation potentials enable completely selective oxidation of syn,anti-isomers. Thus, the present multiconfigurational strained hydrocarbons are capable of switching of activation/deactivation of their electrochromic properties by light/heat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Ishigaki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Hokkaido University , Sapporo 060-0810 , Japan
| | - Yuki Hayashi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Hokkaido University , Sapporo 060-0810 , Japan
| | - Takanori Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Hokkaido University , Sapporo 060-0810 , Japan
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21
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Goswami A, Paululat T, Schmittel M. Switching Dual Catalysis without Molecular Switch: Using A Multicomponent Information System for Reversible Reconfiguration of Catalytic Machinery. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:15656-15663. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b07737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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22
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Senthilkumar K, Kondratowicz M, Lis T, Chmielewski PJ, Cybińska J, Zafra JL, Casado J, Vives T, Crassous J, Favereau L, Stępień M. Lemniscular [16]Cycloparaphenylene: A Radially Conjugated Figure-Eight Aromatic Molecule. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:7421-7427. [PMID: 30998349 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b01797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A cycloparaphenylene-based molecular lemniscate (CPPL) was obtained in a short synthesis involving masked p-phenylene equivalents. The strained figure-eight geometry of CPPL is sustained by the incorporated 9,9'-bicarbazole subunit, which also acts as a stereogenic element. The shape of the distorted [16]cycloparaphenylene nanohoop embedded in CPPL is accurately approximated with a Booth lemniscate. The structure of CPPL, investigated using NMR and Raman spectroscopic methods, revealed strain-dependent features, consistent with the variable curvature of the ring. The electronic and optical properties of CPPL combine features more characteristic of smaller cycloparaphenylenes, such as a reduced optical bandgap and red-shifted fluorescence. CPPL was resolved into enantiomers, which are configurationally stable and provide strong chiroptical responses, including circularly polarized luminescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kabali Senthilkumar
- Wydział Chemii , Uniwersytet Wrocławski , ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14 , 50-383 Wrocław , Poland
| | - Mateusz Kondratowicz
- Wydział Chemii , Uniwersytet Wrocławski , ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14 , 50-383 Wrocław , Poland
| | - Tadeusz Lis
- Wydział Chemii , Uniwersytet Wrocławski , ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14 , 50-383 Wrocław , Poland
| | - Piotr J Chmielewski
- Wydział Chemii , Uniwersytet Wrocławski , ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14 , 50-383 Wrocław , Poland
| | - Joanna Cybińska
- Wydział Chemii , Uniwersytet Wrocławski , ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14 , 50-383 Wrocław , Poland.,PORT - Polski Ośrodek Rozwoju Technologii , ul. Stabłowicka 147 , 54-066 Wrocław , Poland
| | - José L Zafra
- Departamento Química Física , Universidad de Málaga , Andalucia-Tech Campus de Teatinos s/n , 29071 Málaga , Spain
| | - Juan Casado
- Departamento Química Física , Universidad de Málaga , Andalucia-Tech Campus de Teatinos s/n , 29071 Málaga , Spain
| | - Thomas Vives
- Université Rennes, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes , CNRS, ISCR UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes , France
| | - Jeanne Crassous
- Université Rennes , CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes , France
| | - Ludovic Favereau
- Université Rennes , CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes , France
| | - Marcin Stępień
- Wydział Chemii , Uniwersytet Wrocławski , ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14 , 50-383 Wrocław , Poland
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23
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Xu W, Yang X, Fan X, Wang X, Tung C, Wu L, Cong H. Synthesis and Characterization of a Pentiptycene‐Derived Dual Oligoparaphenylene Nanohoop. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:3943-3947. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201814482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic MaterialsTechnical Institute of Physics and ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Future TechnologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Xiao‐Di Yang
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Xiang‐Bing Fan
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic MaterialsTechnical Institute of Physics and ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Future TechnologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic MaterialsTechnical Institute of Physics and ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Future TechnologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Chen‐Ho Tung
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic MaterialsTechnical Institute of Physics and ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Future TechnologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Li‐Zhu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic MaterialsTechnical Institute of Physics and ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Future TechnologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Huan Cong
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic MaterialsTechnical Institute of Physics and ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Future TechnologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
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24
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Xu W, Yang X, Fan X, Wang X, Tung C, Wu L, Cong H. Synthesis and Characterization of a Pentiptycene‐Derived Dual Oligoparaphenylene Nanohoop. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201814482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic MaterialsTechnical Institute of Physics and ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Future TechnologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Xiao‐Di Yang
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Xiang‐Bing Fan
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic MaterialsTechnical Institute of Physics and ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Future TechnologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic MaterialsTechnical Institute of Physics and ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Future TechnologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Chen‐Ho Tung
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic MaterialsTechnical Institute of Physics and ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Future TechnologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Li‐Zhu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic MaterialsTechnical Institute of Physics and ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Future TechnologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Huan Cong
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic MaterialsTechnical Institute of Physics and ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Future TechnologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
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25
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Li P, Li P, Ryder MR, Liu Z, Stern CL, Farha OK, Stoddart JF. Interpenetration Isomerism in Triptycene‐Based Hydrogen‐Bonded Organic Frameworks. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201811263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Penghao Li
- Department of Chemistry Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Chemistry Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Matthew R. Ryder
- Neutron Scattering Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge TN 37831 USA
| | - Zhichang Liu
- School of Science Westlake University 18 Shilongshan Road Hangzhou 310024 China
| | - Charlotte L. Stern
- Department of Chemistry Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Omar K. Farha
- Department of Chemistry Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - J. Fraser Stoddart
- Department of Chemistry Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
- Institute for Molecular Design and Synthesis Tianjin University 92 Weijin Road Tianjin 300072 China
- School of Chemistry University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
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26
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Kosaka T, Iwai S, Fukuhara G, Imai Y, Mori T. Hydrostatic Pressure on Toroidal Interaction and Propeller Chirality of Hexaarylbenzenes: Explicit Solvent Effects on Differential Volumes in Methylcyclohexane and Hexane. Chemistry 2019; 25:2011-2018. [PMID: 30474891 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201804688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A unique and effective interaction between the peripheral aromatic blades makes hexaarylbenzenes (HABs) attractive in fundamental research as well as for various applications such as molecular wires, sensors, and supramolecular assemblies. The chiroptical responses of HABs are susceptible to environmental factors such as solvent and temperature owing to the dynamic conformational transitions between the conformers. In this study, pressure dependence on the propeller chiral HABs in two different solvents was studied in detail. The effective differential volumes for two different equilibria were determined by quantitative analyses of CD spectra, affording very large differential volumes from the propeller to toroidal conformer (ΔVT-C ) of +43 and +42 cm3 mol-1 , for H2 and H6, respectively, in methylcyclohexane. The value of H6 was further enhanced to +72 cm3 mol-1 in hexane, the largest value for the typical unimolecular conformational change. Such a response of propeller chirality in HABs is expedient in designing more advanced piezo-sensitive materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyo Kosaka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Satono Iwai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Gaku Fukuhara
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8551, Japan.,JST, PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Yoshitane Imai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Tadashi Mori
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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27
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Li P, Li P, Ryder MR, Liu Z, Stern CL, Farha OK, Stoddart JF. Interpenetration Isomerism in Triptycene-Based Hydrogen-Bonded Organic Frameworks. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:1664-1669. [PMID: 30548232 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201811263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Revised: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We describe an example of "interpenetration isomerism" in three-dimensional hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks. By exploiting the crystallization conditions for a peripherally extended triptycene H6 PET, we can modulate the interpenetration of the assembled frameworks, yielding a two-fold interpenetrated structure PETHOF-1 and a five-fold interpenetrated structure PETHOF-2 as interpenetration isomers. In PETHOF-1, two individual nets are related by inversion symmetry and form an interwoven topology with a large guest-accessible volume of about 80 %. In PETHOF-2, five individual nets are related by translational symmetry and are stacked in an alternating fashion. The activated materials show permanent porosity with Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface areas exceeding 1100 m2 g-1 . Synthetic control over the framework interpenetration could serve as a new strategy to construct complex supramolecular architectures from simple organic building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penghao Li
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Matthew R Ryder
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Zhichang Liu
- School of Science, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Charlotte L Stern
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Omar K Farha
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - J Fraser Stoddart
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.,Institute for Molecular Design and Synthesis, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China.,School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
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28
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Ghosh A, Paul I, Saha S, Paululat T, Schmittel M. Machine Metathesis: Thermal and Catalyzed Exchange of Piston Rods in Multicomponent Nanorotor/Nanoslider Ensemble. Org Lett 2018; 20:7973-7976. [PMID: 30525699 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b03541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Three-component nanorotor R1 ( k298 = 80 kHz) and two-component slider-on-deck DS2 ( k298 = 440 kHz) were prepared from rotator S1 and stator [Cu3(1)]3+ and from S2 and deck D, respectively. Mixing of R1 with DS2 leads to clean metathesis, furnishing the slower nanodevices R2 ( k298 = 29.6 kHz) and DS1 ( k298 = 32.2 kHz). Exchange of the piston rods S1 and S2 is completed within 22 min (uncatalyzed) or 3 min (catalyzed) at 298 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Ghosh
- Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and Engineering , University of Siegen, Organische Chemie I , Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2 , D-57068 Siegen , Germany
| | - Indrajit Paul
- Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and Engineering , University of Siegen, Organische Chemie I , Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2 , D-57068 Siegen , Germany
| | - Suchismita Saha
- Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and Engineering , University of Siegen, Organische Chemie I , Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2 , D-57068 Siegen , Germany
| | - Thomas Paululat
- University of Siegen, Organische Chemie II , Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2 , D-57068 Siegen , Germany
| | - Michael Schmittel
- Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and Engineering , University of Siegen, Organische Chemie I , Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2 , D-57068 Siegen , Germany
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29
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Leonhardt EJ, Van Raden JM, Miller D, Zakharov LN, Alemán B, Jasti R. A Bottom-Up Approach to Solution-Processed, Atomically Precise Graphitic Cylinders on Graphite. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:7991-7997. [PMID: 30480454 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b03979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Extended carbon nanostructures, such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs), exhibit remarkable properties but are difficult to synthesize uniformly. Herein, we present a new class of carbon nanomaterials constructed via the bottom-up self-assembly of cylindrical, atomically precise small molecules. Guided by supramolecular design principles and circle packing theory, we have designed and synthesized a fluorinated nanohoop that, in the solid state, self-assembles into nanotube-like arrays with channel diameters of precisely 1.63 nm. A mild solution-casting technique is then used to construct vertical "forests" of these arrays on a highly ordered pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) surface through epitaxial growth. Furthermore, we show that a basic property of nanohoops, fluorescence, is readily transferred to the bulk phase, implying that the properties of these materials can be directly altered via precise functionalization of their nanohoop building blocks. The strategy presented is expected to have broader applications in the development of new graphitic nanomaterials with π-rich cavities reminiscent of CNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik J Leonhardt
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute , University of Oregon , Eugene , Oregon 97403 , United States
| | - Jeff M Van Raden
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute , University of Oregon , Eugene , Oregon 97403 , United States
| | - David Miller
- Department of Physics, Materials Science Institute, Center for Optical, Molecular, and Quantum Science , University of Oregon , Eugene , Oregon 97403 , United States
| | - Lev N Zakharov
- CAMCOR - Center for Advanced Materials Characterization in Oregon , University of Oregon , Eugene , Oregon 97403 , United States
| | - Benjamín Alemán
- Department of Physics, Materials Science Institute, Center for Optical, Molecular, and Quantum Science , University of Oregon , Eugene , Oregon 97403 , United States
| | - Ramesh Jasti
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute , University of Oregon , Eugene , Oregon 97403 , United States
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30
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Wu D, Cheng W, Ban X, Xia J. Cycloparaphenylenes (CPPs): An Overview of Synthesis, Properties, and Potential Applications. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201800397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science; Wuhan University of Technology; No. 122 Luoshi Road Wuhan 430070 China
| | - Wei Cheng
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science; Wuhan University of Technology; No. 122 Luoshi Road Wuhan 430070 China
| | - Xiangtao Ban
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science; Wuhan University of Technology; No. 122 Luoshi Road Wuhan 430070 China
| | - Jianlong Xia
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science; Wuhan University of Technology; No. 122 Luoshi Road Wuhan 430070 China
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing; Wuhan University of Technology; No. 122 Luoshi Road Wuhan 430070 China
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31
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Hahn U, Maisonhaute E, Nierengarten J. Twisted N‐Doped Nano‐Graphenes: Synthesis, Characterization, and Resolution. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:10635-10639. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201805852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Hahn
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Matériaux MoléculairesUniversité de Strasbourg et CNRS (LIMA—UMR 7042)Ecole Européenne de ChimiePolymères et Matériaux (ECPM) 25 rue Becquerel 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 2 France
| | - Emmanuel Maisonhaute
- Sorbonne UniversitéCNRSLaboratoire Interfaces et Systèmes Electrochimiques, LISE 75005 Paris France
| | - Jean‐François Nierengarten
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Matériaux MoléculairesUniversité de Strasbourg et CNRS (LIMA—UMR 7042)Ecole Européenne de ChimiePolymères et Matériaux (ECPM) 25 rue Becquerel 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 2 France
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Hahn U, Maisonhaute E, Nierengarten J. Twisted N‐Doped Nano‐Graphenes: Synthesis, Characterization, and Resolution. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201805852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Hahn
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Matériaux MoléculairesUniversité de Strasbourg et CNRS (LIMA—UMR 7042)Ecole Européenne de ChimiePolymères et Matériaux (ECPM) 25 rue Becquerel 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 2 France
| | - Emmanuel Maisonhaute
- Sorbonne UniversitéCNRSLaboratoire Interfaces et Systèmes Electrochimiques, LISE 75005 Paris France
| | - Jean‐François Nierengarten
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Matériaux MoléculairesUniversité de Strasbourg et CNRS (LIMA—UMR 7042)Ecole Européenne de ChimiePolymères et Matériaux (ECPM) 25 rue Becquerel 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 2 France
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Konishi A, Morinaga A, Fukuhara G, Nishijima M, Mori T, Kida T, Yasuda M. 1,8-Diphenyl-9,10-Bis(arylethynyl)phenanthrenes: Synthesis, Distorted Structure, and Optical Properties. Chemistry 2018; 24:6625-6631. [PMID: 29473692 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201800150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis and optical properties of 1,8-diphenyl-9,10-bis(arylethynyl)phenanthrenes, which are distorted phenanthrenes, are reported. The presence of the two phenyl groups at the 1,8-positions of phenanthrene significantly distorts the molecular geometries, as was evidenced by X-ray crystallography. The congested substitution pattern in the K region results in a distorted aromatic framework, which leads to a redshift in the emission spectrum. These observations are in stark contrast to 9,10-bis(phenylethynyl)phenanthrene with no phenyl groups at the 1,8-positions. A large Stokes shift suggested extensive structural relaxation between the phenyl and arylethynyl units in the excited state, which was supported by theoretical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihito Konishi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Center for Atomic and Molecular Technologies, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Atsushi Morinaga
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Gaku Fukuhara
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8551, Japan
| | - Masaki Nishijima
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Tadashi Mori
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Kida
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Makoto Yasuda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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Ishigaki Y, Shimajiri T, Takeda T, Katoono R, Suzuki T. Longest C–C Single Bond among Neutral Hydrocarbons with a Bond Length beyond 1.8 Å. Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2018.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Uchimura Y, Shimajiri T, Ishigaki Y, Katoono R, Suzuki T. Expandability of a long C–O bond by a scissor effect in acenaphthofuran. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:10300-10303. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc05998e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The angle strain induced by ring annulation on a spiro-type naphthofuran weakens its C(sp3)–O bond at the opposite peri-position and endows expandability, so that quite different bond lengths [1.493(3)–1.526(6) Å] are determined for the elongated C(sp3)–O bond of the corresponding spiro-acenaphthofuran derivative upon X-ray analyses of its pseudopolymorphs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuto Uchimura
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo 060-0810
- Japan
| | - Takuya Shimajiri
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo 060-0810
- Japan
| | - Yusuke Ishigaki
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo 060-0810
- Japan
| | - Ryo Katoono
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo 060-0810
- Japan
| | - Takanori Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo 060-0810
- Japan
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Mosca D, Stopin A, Wouters J, Demitri N, Bonifazi D. Stereospecific Winding of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons into Trinacria Propellers. Chemistry 2017; 23:15348-15354. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201702032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dario Mosca
- Department of Chemistry; University of Namur (UNamur); Rue de Bruxelles 61 Namur 5000 Belgium
| | - Antoine Stopin
- School of Chemistry; Cardiff University; Park Place Cardiff CF10 3AT UK
- Department of Chemistry; University of Namur (UNamur); Rue de Bruxelles 61 Namur 5000 Belgium
| | - Johan Wouters
- Department of Chemistry; University of Namur (UNamur); Rue de Bruxelles 61 Namur 5000 Belgium
| | - Nicola Demitri
- Elettra-Sincrotrone, S.S. 14 Km 163.5 in Area Science Park; 34149 Basovizza, Trieste Italy
| | - Davide Bonifazi
- School of Chemistry; Cardiff University; Park Place Cardiff CF10 3AT UK
- Department of Chemistry; University of Namur (UNamur); Rue de Bruxelles 61 Namur 5000 Belgium
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