1
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Gao F, Chen J, Cao Q, Li Q, Zheng J, Li X. Three Different Types of Asymmetric Polymerization of Aryl Isocyanides by Using Simple Rare-Earth Metal Trialkyl Precursors. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jupeng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Qingbin Cao
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Qiaozhen Li
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaofang Li
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
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2
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Xu L, Gao B, Xu X, Zhou L, Liu N, Wu Z. Controlled Synthesis of Cyclic‐Helical Polymers with Circularly Polarized Luminescence. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202204966. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202204966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun 130012 China
| | - Bao‐Rui Gao
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Anhui Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering. Hefei University of Technology Hefei 230009, Anhui Province China
| | - Xun‐Hui Xu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Anhui Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering. Hefei University of Technology Hefei 230009, Anhui Province China
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Anhui Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering. Hefei University of Technology Hefei 230009, Anhui Province China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Anhui Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering. Hefei University of Technology Hefei 230009, Anhui Province China
| | - Zong‐Quan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun 130012 China
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3
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Song X, Li YX, Zhou L, Liu N, Wu ZQ. Controlled Synthesis of One-Handed Helical Polymers Carrying Achiral Organoiodine Pendants for Enantioselective Synthesis of Quaternary All-Carbon Stereogenic Centers. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Song
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Anhui Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, Anhui, China
| | - Yan-Xiang Li
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Anhui Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, Anhui, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Anhui Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, Anhui, China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Anhui Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, Anhui, China
| | - Zong-Quan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
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4
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Xu L, Gao BR, Xu XH, Zhou L, Liu N, Wu ZQ. Controlled Synthesis of Cyclic‐Helical Polymers with Circularly Polarized Luminescence. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202204966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xu
- Jilin University Polymer Chemistry and Physis CHINA
| | - Bao-Rui Gao
- Hefei University of Technology Polymer Science and Engineering CHINA
| | - Xun-Hui Xu
- Hefei University of Technology Polymer Science and Engineering CHINA
| | - Li Zhou
- Hefei University of Technology Polymer Science and Engineering CHINA
| | - Na Liu
- Hefei University of Technology Polymer Science and Engineering CHINA
| | - Zong-Quan Wu
- Jilin University Polymer Chemistry and Physis Qianjin Street 2699 130012 Changchun CHINA
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5
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Sorensen CC, Leibfarth FA. Stereoselective Helix-Sense-Selective Cationic Polymerization of N-Vinylcarbazole Using Chiral Lewis Acid Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:8487-8492. [PMID: 35510915 PMCID: PMC10061354 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c02738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Helical polymers with a defined main-chain atropoisomeric conformation are important materials in high value applications such as nonlinear optics and chiral separations. Currently, no methods exist for the cationic helix-sense-selective polymerization of prochiral vinyl monomers, which limits access to a number of potentially valuable optically active helical polymers. Here, we demonstrate the first stereoselective cationic helix-sense-selective polymerization of a prochiral vinyl monomer, which provides access to optically active helices of poly(N-vinylcarbazole). Chiral bis(oxazoline)-scandium Lewis acids serve as chiral counterions to polymerize N-vinylcarbazole into highly isotactic (up to 94% meso triads) polymers. Mechanistic investigations uncovered the distinct phenomenon that are responsible for independent control of conformational (i.e., helicity) and configurational (i.e., tacticity) stereochemistry. Polymer helicity was strongly influenced by the stereoselectivity of the first monomer propagation, whereas polymer tacticity was dictated by the thermodynamically controlled conformation of the growing polymer chain end. Overall, this method expands the suite of accessible helical polymers through helix-sense-selective polymerization and provides mechanistic insight into how polymer tacticity and helicity can be controlled independently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cole C Sorensen
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Frank A Leibfarth
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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6
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Singh S, Mahato R, Sharma P, Yadav N, Vodnala N, Kumar Hazra C. Development of Transition-Metal-Free Lewis Acid-Initiated Double Arylation of Aldehyde: A Facile Approach Towards the Total Synthesis of Anti-Breast-Cancer Agent. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202104545. [PMID: 35060647 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202104545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This work describes a mild and robust double hydroarylation strategy for the synthesis of symmetrical /unsymmetrical diaryl- and triarylmethanes in excellent yields using Lambert salt (0.2-1.0 mol%). Despite the anticipated challenges associated with controlling selective product formation, unsymmetrical diaryl- and triarylmethanes products are obtained unprecedentedly. A highly efficient gram scale reaction has also been reported (TON for symmetrical product=475 and for unsymmetrical product=390). The synthetic utility of the methodology is demonstrated by the preparation of several unexplored diaryl- and triarylmethane-based biologically relevant molecules, such as arundine, vibrindole A, turbomycin B, and certain anti-inflammatory agents. A total synthesis of an anti-breast-cancer agent is also demonstrated. Control experiments, Hammett analysis, HRMS and GC-MS studies reveal the reaction intermediates and reaction mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Rina Mahato
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Pragya Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Naveen Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Nagaraju Vodnala
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Chinmoy Kumar Hazra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
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7
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Khan J, Tyagi A, Yadav N, Mahato R, Hazra CK. Lambert Salt-Initiated Development of Friedel-Crafts Reaction on Isatin to Access Distinct Derivatives of Oxindoles. J Org Chem 2021; 86:17833-17847. [PMID: 34874162 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a mild metal-free and efficacious route for the synthesis of biologically important 3-aryl oxindole derivatives is described. Using Lambert salt-initiated hydroarylation of isatin, a diverse array of monoarylated products, symmetrical/unsymmetrical double-arylated products, and deoxygenated hydroarylated products could be synthesized from the single starting substrate in good to excellent yields. A preliminary mechanistic study revealed that the reaction proceeds via a monoarylated product followed by a nucleophilic attack by another electron-rich arene nucleophile under mild conditions. The potential of newly synthesized symmetric/unsymmetric 3,3-disubstituted oxindole, 3-substituted 3-hydroxy oxindoles, 3,3-di(indolyl)indolin-2-ones, and α-aryl oxindoles as valuable building blocks is further illustrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jabir Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Aparna Tyagi
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Naveen Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Rina Mahato
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Chinmoy K Hazra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
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8
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Liu N, Zhou L, Wu ZQ. Alkyne-Palladium(II)-Catalyzed Living Polymerization of Isocyanides: An Exploration of Diverse Structures and Functions. Acc Chem Res 2021; 54:3953-3967. [PMID: 34601864 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.1c00489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Inspired by the perfect helical structures and the resulting exquisite functions of biomacromolecules, helical polymers have attracted increasing attention in recent years. Polyisocyanide is well known for its distinctive rodlike helical structure and various applications in chiral recognition, enantiomer separation, circularly polarized luminescence, liquid crystallization, and other fields. Although various methods and catalysts for isocyanide polymerization have been reported, the precise synthesis of helical polyisocyanides with controlled molecular weight, low dispersity, and high tacticity remains a formidable challenge. Owing to a limited synthesis strategy, the controlled synthesis of topological polyisocyanides has barely been realized. This Accounts highlights our recent endeavors to explore novel catalysts for the living polymerization of isocyanides. Fortunately, we discovered that alkyne-Pd(II) catalysts could initiate the living polymerization of isocyanides, resulting in helical polyisocyanides with controlled structures, high tacticity, and tunable compositions. These catalysts are applicable to various isocyanide monomers, including alkyl isocyanides, aryl isocyanides, and diisocyanobenzene derivatives. Incorporating chiral bidentate phosphine ligands onto alkyne-Pd(II) complexes formed chiral Pd(II) catalysts, which promoted the asymmetric living polymerization of achiral isocyanide, yielding single left- and right-handed helices with highly optical activities.Using alkyne-Pd(II) catalysts, various topological polyisocyanides have been facilely prepared, including hybrid block copolymers, bottlebrush polymers, core cross-linked star polymers, and organic/inorganic nanoparticles. For instance, various hybrid block polyisocyanides were easily produced by coupling alkyne-Pd(II)-catalyzed living isocyanide polymerization with controlled radical polymerization and ring-opening polymerization (ROP). Combining the ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of norbornene with Pd(II)-catalyzed isocyanide polymerization, bottlebrush polyisocyanides and core cross-linked star polymers were easily prepared. Pd(II)-catalyzed living polymerization of poly(lactic acid)s with isocyanide termini resulted in densely grafted bottlebrush polyisocyanides with closely packed side chains. Moreover, the surface-initiated living polymerization of isocyanides produced a family of polyisocyanide-grafted organic/inorganic hybrid nanoparticles using nanoparticles with alkyne-Pd(II) catalysts anchored on the surfaces. Surprisingly, the nanoparticles and star polymers with helical polyisocyanide arms performed exceptionally well in terms of chiral recognition and resolution. Incorporated organocatalysts such as proline and prolinol units onto the pendants of optically active helical polyisocyanides, a family of polymer-based chiral organocatalysts, were generated, which showed significantly improved stereoselectivity for the asymmetric Aldol reaction and Michael addition and can be easily recycled.Using a chiral alkyne-Pd(II) catalyst, single-handed helical polyisocyanides bearing naphthalene and pyrene probes were produced from achiral isocyanide monomers. These polymers showed excellent self-sorting properties as revealed using a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) investigation and were self-assembled into two-dimensional (2D) smectic nanostructures driven by both helicity and chain length. Incorporating helical poly(phenyl isocyanide) (PPI) onto semiconducting poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) induced the asymmetric assembly of the resulting P3HT-b-PPI copolymers into single-handed cylindrical micelles with controlled dimensions and tunable photoluminescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Liu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Anhui Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Anhui Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Zong-Quan Wu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Anhui Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
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9
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Belay TA, Chen J, Xu H, Zhang S, Chen S, Li X. Functionalization Methodology for Synthesis of Silane-End-Functionalized Linear and Star Poly(aryl isocyanide)s by Combination of Cationic Polymerization and Hydrosilylation Reaction. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tuemay Abadi Belay
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jupeng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Huan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shaowen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shilu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaofang Li
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
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10
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Li Y, Xu L, Kang S, Zhou L, Liu N, Wu Z. Helicity‐ and Molecular‐Weight‐Driven Self‐Sorting and Assembly of Helical Polymers towards Two‐Dimensional Smectic Architectures and Selectively Adhesive Gels. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202014813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan‐Xiang Li
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Anhui Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering Hefei University of Technology Hefei 230009 Anhui Province China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Anhui Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering Hefei University of Technology Hefei 230009 Anhui Province China
| | - Shu‐Ming Kang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Anhui Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering Hefei University of Technology Hefei 230009 Anhui Province China
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Anhui Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering Hefei University of Technology Hefei 230009 Anhui Province China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Anhui Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering Hefei University of Technology Hefei 230009 Anhui Province China
| | - Zong‐Quan Wu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Anhui Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering Hefei University of Technology Hefei 230009 Anhui Province China
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11
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Li Y, Xu L, Kang S, Zhou L, Liu N, Wu Z. Helicity‐ and Molecular‐Weight‐Driven Self‐Sorting and Assembly of Helical Polymers towards Two‐Dimensional Smectic Architectures and Selectively Adhesive Gels. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:7174-7179. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202014813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan‐Xiang Li
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Anhui Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering Hefei University of Technology Hefei 230009 Anhui Province China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Anhui Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering Hefei University of Technology Hefei 230009 Anhui Province China
| | - Shu‐Ming Kang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Anhui Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering Hefei University of Technology Hefei 230009 Anhui Province China
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Anhui Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering Hefei University of Technology Hefei 230009 Anhui Province China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Anhui Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering Hefei University of Technology Hefei 230009 Anhui Province China
| | - Zong‐Quan Wu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Anhui Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering Hefei University of Technology Hefei 230009 Anhui Province China
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12
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Gerrits L, Hammink R, Kouwer PHJ. Semiflexible polymer scaffolds: an overview of conjugation strategies. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py01662d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Semiflexible polymers are excellent scaffolds for the presentation of a wide variety of (bio)molecules. This manuscript reviews advantages and challenges of the most common conjugation strategies for the major classes of semiflexible polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotte Gerrits
- Institute for Molecules and Materials
- Radboud University
- 6525 AJ Nijmegen
- The Netherlands
| | - Roel Hammink
- Department of Tumor Immunology
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences
- Radboud University Medical Center
- 6525 GA Nijmegen
- The Netherlands
| | - Paul H. J. Kouwer
- Institute for Molecules and Materials
- Radboud University
- 6525 AJ Nijmegen
- The Netherlands
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13
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Abstract
Research interest in the isocyanide-based reaction can be traced back to 1921 when the Passerini reaction was first reported. However, most of these research efforts did not lead to important progress in the synthesis of isocyanide-based polymers (IBPs). The major challenge resides in the lack of highly efficient polymerization methods, which limits large-scale preparation and applications. Modern organic chemistry provides efficient access to develop functional IBPs on the basis of isocyanide chemistry. However, it is still challenging to prepare the IBPs with small molecular isocyanide reaction. Our investigations into catalyst exploration and polymerization methodology have prompted the synthesis of a series of IBPs. Two classes of isocyanide monomers can be used for the construction of IBPs. The first class includes monomers with a single isocyanide. Novel catalysts for the synthetic chemistry of isocyanide allow the introduction of functional pendants into the linear polymer chains. This molecular functionalization endows the polymers with an array of new functional properties. For example, the incorporation of a chromophore on the polymeric side chain provides novel functional properties, such as aggregation-induced emission and optical activity. Diisocyanide monomers can be also utilized for the construction of heterocyclic, spiro-heterocyclic, and bispiro-heterocyclic polymers in the polymeric backbones. A new concept of "multi-component spiropolymerization" has been developed for the preparation of spiropolymers using the catalysis-free one-pot reaction. Proper structural design allows for the preparation of a heterocyclic polymeric chain with natural bioactivity and biological compatibility, generating new IBPs with biofunctionalities.In this Account, we discuss progress mainly made in our lab and related fields for the design of isocyanide monomers, exploration of new catalysts, and optimization of reaction conditions. The subsequent section discusses the characteristic properties and applications of selected examples of these functional polymers, mainly focusing on their optical applications. We have investigated the UV-sensitive IBPs that could potentially be used for lithography applications. One-pot highly efficient polymerization of diisocyanides and CO2 under mild conditions can provide a new method for realizing the reuse of CO2 and reducing the greenhouse effect. Through a combination of structural modifications, IBPs bearing dimethylbenzene moieties exhibit characteristics of black materials that can be potentially utilized as pyroelectric sensors, thermal detectors, and optical instruments. Most recently, our group synthesized a spiro-heterocyclic IBP with clusterization-triggered emission properties that can be used to discriminate cancer cells from normal cells and provides a new method for the treatment of cancer. The studies reviewed in this Account suggest that polymerization with isocyanide chemistry can be implemented in diverse functional macromolecules and materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengxu Cai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yue Ren
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaofang Li
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jianbing Shi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Bin Tong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yuping Dong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
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14
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Zhou L, Xu X, Jiang Z, Xu L, Chu B, Liu N, Wu Z. Selective Synthesis of Single‐Handed Helical Polymers from Achiral Monomer and a Mechanism Study on Helix‐Sense‐Selective Polymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202011661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhou
- Department of polymer science and engineering School of chemistry and chemical engineering Anhui Key Lab of Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering Hefei university of Technology 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei 230009 Anhui China
| | - Xun‐Hui Xu
- Department of polymer science and engineering School of chemistry and chemical engineering Anhui Key Lab of Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering Hefei university of Technology 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei 230009 Anhui China
| | - Zhi‐Qiang Jiang
- Department of polymer science and engineering School of chemistry and chemical engineering Anhui Key Lab of Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering Hefei university of Technology 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei 230009 Anhui China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of polymer science and engineering School of chemistry and chemical engineering Anhui Key Lab of Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering Hefei university of Technology 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei 230009 Anhui China
| | - Ben‐Fa Chu
- Department of polymer science and engineering School of chemistry and chemical engineering Anhui Key Lab of Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering Hefei university of Technology 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei 230009 Anhui China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of polymer science and engineering School of chemistry and chemical engineering Anhui Key Lab of Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering Hefei university of Technology 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei 230009 Anhui China
| | - Zong‐Quan Wu
- Department of polymer science and engineering School of chemistry and chemical engineering Anhui Key Lab of Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering Hefei university of Technology 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei 230009 Anhui China
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15
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Zhou L, Xu X, Jiang Z, Xu L, Chu B, Liu N, Wu Z. Selective Synthesis of Single‐Handed Helical Polymers from Achiral Monomer and a Mechanism Study on Helix‐Sense‐Selective Polymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 60:806-812. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202011661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhou
- Department of polymer science and engineering School of chemistry and chemical engineering Anhui Key Lab of Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering Hefei university of Technology 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei 230009 Anhui China
| | - Xun‐Hui Xu
- Department of polymer science and engineering School of chemistry and chemical engineering Anhui Key Lab of Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering Hefei university of Technology 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei 230009 Anhui China
| | - Zhi‐Qiang Jiang
- Department of polymer science and engineering School of chemistry and chemical engineering Anhui Key Lab of Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering Hefei university of Technology 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei 230009 Anhui China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of polymer science and engineering School of chemistry and chemical engineering Anhui Key Lab of Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering Hefei university of Technology 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei 230009 Anhui China
| | - Ben‐Fa Chu
- Department of polymer science and engineering School of chemistry and chemical engineering Anhui Key Lab of Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering Hefei university of Technology 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei 230009 Anhui China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of polymer science and engineering School of chemistry and chemical engineering Anhui Key Lab of Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering Hefei university of Technology 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei 230009 Anhui China
| | - Zong‐Quan Wu
- Department of polymer science and engineering School of chemistry and chemical engineering Anhui Key Lab of Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering Hefei university of Technology 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei 230009 Anhui China
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16
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Hu M, Feng HT, Yuan YX, Zheng YS, Tang BZ. Chiral AIEgens – Chiral recognition, CPL materials and other chiral applications. Coord Chem Rev 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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17
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Liu H, Zhang S, Yan X, Song C, Chen J, Dong Y, Li X. Silylium cation initiated sergeants-and-soldiers type chiral amplification of helical aryl isocyanide copolymers. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00808g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Silylium cations act as new highly efficient metal-free single-component cationic initiators for the cationic polymerization and copolymerization of chiral or achiral aryl isocyanides, preparing optically active polymers and copolymers obeying “sergeants-and-soldiers” rule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
- China
| | - Shaowen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
- China
| | - Xiangqian Yan
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
- China
| | - Chuang Song
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
- China
| | - Jupeng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
- China
| | - Yuping Dong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
- China
| | - Xiaofang Li
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
- China
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18
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Kottisch V, O’Leary J, Michaudel Q, Stache EE, Lambert TH, Fors BP. Controlled Cationic Polymerization: Single-Component Initiation under Ambient Conditions. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:10605-10609. [PMID: 31240909 PMCID: PMC7189618 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b04961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cationic polymerizations provide a valuable strategy for preparing macromolecules with excellent control but are inherently sensitive to impurities and commonly require rigorous reagent purification, low temperatures, and strictly anhydrous reaction conditions. By using pentacarbomethoxycyclopentadiene (PCCP) as the single-component initiating organic acid, we found that a diverse library of vinyl ethers can be controllably polymerized under ambient conditions. Additionally, excellent chain-end fidelity is maintained even without rigorous monomer purification. We hypothesize that a tight ion complex between the PCCP anion and the oxocarbenium ion chain end prevents chain-transfer events and enables a polymerization with living characteristics. Furthermore, terminating the polymerization with functional nucleophiles allows for chain-end functionalization in high yields.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jacob O’Leary
- Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | | | - Erin E. Stache
- Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | | | - Brett P. Fors
- Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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19
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Fu W, Dong L, Shi J, Tong B, Cai Z, Zhi J, Dong Y. Multicomponent spiropolymerization of diisocyanides, alkynes and carbon dioxide for constructing 1,6-dioxospiro[4,4]nonane-3,8-diene as structural units under one-pot catalyst-free conditions. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py01336e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A novel multicomponent spiropolymerization was developed by using diisocyanide, alkyne and CO2, and 1,6-dioxospiro[4,4]nonane-3,8-diene was instantly formed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqiang Fu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
- China
| | - Lichao Dong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
- China
| | - Jianbing Shi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
- China
| | - Bin Tong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
- China
| | - Zhengxu Cai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
- China
| | - Junge Zhi
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
- China
| | - Yuping Dong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
- China
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