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De S, Mondal A, Giblin SR, Layfield RA. Bimetallic Synergy Enables Silole Insertion into THF and the Synthesis of Erbium Single-Molecule Magnets. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202317678. [PMID: 38300223 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202317678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
The potassium silole K2 [SiC4 -2,5-(SiMe3 )2 -3,4-Ph2 ] reacts with [M(η8 -COT)(THF)4 ][BPh4 ] (M=Er, Y; COT=cyclo-octatetraenyl) in THF to give products that feature unprecedented insertion of the nucleophilic silicon centre into a carbon-oxygen bond of THF. The structure of the major product, [(μ-η8 : η8 -COT)M(μ-L1 )K]∞ (1M ), consists of polymeric chains of sandwich complexes, where the spiro-bicyclic silapyran ligand [C4 H8 OSiC4 (SiMe3 )2 Ph2 ]2- (L1 ) coordinates to potassium via the oxygen. The minor product [(μ-η8 : η8 -COT)M(μ-L1 )K(THF)]2 (2M ) features coordination of the silapyran to the rare-earth metal. In forming 1M and 2M , silole insertion into THF only occurs in the presence of potassium and the rare-earth metal, highlighting the importance of bimetallic synergy. The lower nucleophilicity of germanium(II) leads to contrasting reactivity of the potassium germole K2 [GeC4 -2,5-(SiMe3 )2 -3,4-Me2 ] towards [M(η8 -COT)(THF)4 ][BPh4 ], with intact transfer of the germole occurring to give the coordination polymers [{η5 -GeC4 (SiMe3 )2 Me2 }M(η8 -COT)K]∞ (3M ). Despite the differences in reactivity induced by the group 14 heteroatom, the single-molecule magnet properties of 1Er , 2Er and 3Er are similar, with thermally activated relaxation occurring via the first-excited Kramers doublet, subject to effective energy barriers of 122, 80 and 91 cm-1 , respectively. Compound 1Er is also analysed by high-frequency dynamic magnetic susceptibility measurements up to 106 Hz.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddhartha De
- Department of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, BN1 9RH, Brighton, U.K
| | - Arpan Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, BN1 9RH, Brighton, U.K
| | - Sean R Giblin
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, CF24 3AA, Cardiff, UK
| | - Richard A Layfield
- Department of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, BN1 9RH, Brighton, U.K
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2
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Hu Z, Yang S. Endohedral metallofullerene molecular nanomagnets. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:2863-2897. [PMID: 38324027 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00991b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Magnetic lanthanide (Ln) metal complexes exhibiting magnetic bistability can behave as molecular nanomagnets, also known as single-molecule magnets (SMMs), suitable for storing magnetic information at the molecular level, thus attracting extensive interest in the quest for high-density information storage and quantum information technologies. Upon encapsulating Ln ion(s) into fullerene cages, endohedral metallofullerenes (EMFs) have been proven as a promising and versatile platform to realize chemically robust SMMs, in which the magnetic properties are able to be readily tailored by altering the configurations of the encapsulated species and the host cages. In this review, we present critical discussions on the molecular structures and magnetic characterizations of EMF-SMMs, with the focus on their peculiar molecular and electronic structures and on the intriguing molecular magnetism arising from such structural uniqueness. In this context, different families of magnetic EMFs are summarized, including mononuclear EMF-SMMs wherein single-ion anisotropy is decisive, dinuclear clusterfullerenes whose magnetism is governed by intramolecular magnetic interaction, and radical-bridged dimetallic EMFs with high-spin ground states that arise from the strong ferromagnetic coupling. We then discuss how molecular assemblies of SMMs can be constructed, in a way that the original SMM behavior is either retained or altered in a controlled manner, thanks to the chemical robustness of EMFs. Finally, on the basis of understanding the structure-magnetic property correlation, we propose design strategies for high-performance EMF-SMMs by engineering ligand fields, electronic structures, magnetic interactions, and molecular vibrations that can couple to the spin states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Hu
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Shangfeng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
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3
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Yang W, Rosenkranz M, Velkos G, Ziegs F, Dubrovin V, Schiemenz S, Spree L, de Souza Barbosa MF, Guillemard C, Valvidares M, Büchner B, Liu F, Avdoshenko SM, Popov AA. Covalency versus magnetic axiality in Nd molecular magnets: Nd-photoluminescence, strong ligand-field, and unprecedented nephelauxetic effect in fullerenes NdM 2N@C 80 (M = Sc, Lu, Y). Chem Sci 2024; 15:2141-2157. [PMID: 38332818 PMCID: PMC10848757 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05146c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Nd-based nitride clusterfullerenes NdM2N@C80 with rare-earth metals of different sizes (M = Sc, Y, Lu) were synthesized to elucidate the influence of the cluster composition, shape and internal strain on the structural and magnetic properties. Single crystal X-ray diffraction revealed a very short Nd-N bond length in NdSc2N@C80. For Lu and Y analogs, the further shortening of the Nd-N bond and pyramidalization of the NdM2N cluster are predicted by DFT calculations as a result of the increased cluster size and a strain caused by the limited size of the fullerene cage. The short distance between Nd and nitride ions leads to a very large ligand-field splitting of Nd3+ of 1100-1200 cm-1, while the variation of the NdM2N cluster composition and concomitant internal strain results in the noticeable modulation of the splitting, which could be directly assessed from the well-resolved fine structure in the Nd-based photoluminescence spectra of NdM2N@C80 clusterfullerenes. Photoluminescence measurements also revealed an unprecedentedly strong nephelauxetic effect, pointing to a high degree of covalency. The latter appears detrimental to the magnetic axiality despite the strong ligand field. As a result, the ground magnetic state has considerable transversal components of the pseudospin g-tensor, and the slow magnetic relaxation of NdSc2N@C80 could be observed by AC magnetometry only in the presence of a magnetic field. A combination of the well-resolved magneto-optical states and slow relaxation of magnetization suggests that Nd clusterfullerenes can be useful building blocks for magneto-photonic quantum technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yang
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden) 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Marco Rosenkranz
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden) 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Georgios Velkos
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden) 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Frank Ziegs
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden) 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Vasilii Dubrovin
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden) 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Sandra Schiemenz
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden) 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Lukas Spree
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden) 01069 Dresden Germany
- Center for Quantum Nanoscience, Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Seoul Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | - Bernd Büchner
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden) 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Fupin Liu
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden) 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Stanislav M Avdoshenko
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden) 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Alexey A Popov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden) 01069 Dresden Germany
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4
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Yang W, Velkos G, Rosenkranz M, Schiemenz S, Liu F, Popov AA. Nd─Nd Bond in I h and D 5h Cage Isomers of Nd 2 @C 80 Stabilized by Electrophilic CF 3 Addition. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2305190. [PMID: 37946664 PMCID: PMC10767449 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202305190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis of molecular compounds with metal-metal bonds between 4f elements is recognized as one of the fascinating milestones in lanthanide metallochemistry. The main focus of such studies is on heavy lanthanides due to the interest in their magnetism, while bonding between light lanthanides remains unexplored. In this work, the Nd─Nd bonding in Nd-dimetallofullerenes as a case study of metal-metal bonding between early lanthanides is demonstrated. Combined experimental and computational study proves that pristine Nd2 @C80 has an open shell structure with a single electron occupying the Nd─Nd bonding orbital. Nd2 @C80 is stabilized by a one-electron reduction and further by the electrophilic CF3 addition to [Nd2 @C80 ]- . Single-crystal X-ray diffraction reveals the formation of two Nd2 @C80 (CF3 ) isomers with D5h -C80 and Ih -C80 carbon cages, both featuring a single-electron Nd─Nd bond with the length of 3.78-3.79 Å. The mutual influence of the exohedral CF3 group and endohedral metal dimer in determining the molecular structure of the adducts is analyzed. Unlike Tb or Dy analogs, which are strong single-molecule magnets with high blocking temperature of magnetization, the slow relaxation of magnetization in Nd2 @Ih -C80 (CF3 ) is detectable via out-of-phase magnetic susceptibility only below 3 K and in the presence of magnetic field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yang
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials ResearchHelmholtzstraße 2001069DresdenGermany
| | - Georgios Velkos
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials ResearchHelmholtzstraße 2001069DresdenGermany
| | - Marco Rosenkranz
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials ResearchHelmholtzstraße 2001069DresdenGermany
| | - Sandra Schiemenz
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials ResearchHelmholtzstraße 2001069DresdenGermany
| | - Fupin Liu
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials ResearchHelmholtzstraße 2001069DresdenGermany
| | - Alexey A. Popov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials ResearchHelmholtzstraße 2001069DresdenGermany
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Huang C, Sun R, Bao L, Tian X, Pan C, Li M, Shen W, Guo K, Wang B, Lu X, Gao S. A hard molecular nanomagnet from confined paramagnetic 3d-4f spins inside a fullerene cage. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8443. [PMID: 38114506 PMCID: PMC10730828 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44194-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Reducing inter-spin distance can enhance magnetic interactions and allow for the realization of outstanding magnetic properties. However, achieving reduced distances is technically challenging. Here, we construct a 3d-4f metal cluster (Dy2VN) inside a C80 cage, affording a heretofore unseen metallofullerene containing both paramagnetic 3d and 4f metal ions. The significantly suppressed 3d-4f (Dy-V) distances, due to the unique cage confinement effect, were observed by crystallographic and theoretical analysis of Dy2VN@Ih(7)-C80. These reduced distances result in an enhanced magnetic coupling (Jtotal, Dy-V = 53.30 cm-1; Jtotal, Dy-Dy = -6.25 cm-1), leading to a high magnetic blocking temperature compared to reported 3d-4f single-molecule magnets and strong coercive field of 2.73 Tesla. Our work presents a new class of single-molecule magnets with both paramagnetic 3d and 4f metals confined in a fullerene cage, offering superior and tunable magnetic properties due to the unique cage confinement effect and the diverse composition of the entrapped magnetic core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenli Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037, Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Rong Sun
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Science, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Lipiao Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037, Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China.
| | - Xinyue Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037, Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Changwang Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037, Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Mengyang Li
- School of Physics, Xidian University, Xi'an, 710071, China
| | - Wangqiang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037, Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Kun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037, Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Bingwu Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Science, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China.
| | - Xing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037, Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China.
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan University, No. 58, Renmin Avenue, Haikou, 570228, P. R. China.
| | - Song Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Science, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
- Spin-X Institute, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetic Functional Materials, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, P. R. China
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6
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Xiang W, Hu Z, Xin J, Jin H, Jiang Z, Han X, Chen M, Yao YR, Yang S. Steering Single-Electron Metal-Metal Bonds and Hyperfine Coupling between a Transition Metal-Lanthanide Heteronuclear Bimetal Confined in Carbon Cages. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:22599-22608. [PMID: 37787921 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c07686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Metal complexes bearing single-electron metal-metal bonds (SEMBs) exhibit unusual electronic structures evoking strong magnetic coupling, and such bonds can be stabilized in the form of dimetallofullerenes (di-EMFs) in which two metals are confined in a carbon cage. Up to now, only a few di-EMFs containing SEMBs are reported, which are all based on a high-symmetry icosahedral (Ih) C80 cage embedding homonuclear rare-earth bimetals, and a chemical modification of the Ih-C80 cage is required to stabilize the SEMB. Herein, by introducing 3d-block transition metal titanium (Ti) along with 4f-block lanthanum (La) into the carbon cage, we synthesized the first crystallographically characterized SEMB-containing 3d-4f heteronuclear di-EMFs based on pristine fullerene cages. Four novel La-Ti heteronuclear di-EMFs were isolated, namely, LaTi@D3h(5)-C78, LaTi@Ih(7)-C80, LaTi@D5h(6)-C80, and LaTi@C2v(9)-C82, and their molecular structures were unambiguously determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Upon increasing the cage size from C78 to C82, the La-Ti distance decreases from 4.31 to 3.97 Å, affording fine-tuning of the metal-metal bonding and hyperfine coupling, as evidenced by an electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopic study. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations confirm the existence of SEMB in all four LaTi@C2n di-EMFs, and the accumulation of electron density between La and Ti atoms shifts gradually from the proximity of the Ti atom inside C78 to the center of the LaTi bimetal inside C82 due to the decrease of the La-Ti distance. The electronic properties of LaTi@C2n heteronuclear dimetallofullerenes differ apparently from their homonuclear La2@C2n counterparts, revealing the peculiarity of heteronuclear dimetallofullerenes with the involvement of 3d-block transition metal Ti.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Ziqi Hu
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jinpeng Xin
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Huaimin Jin
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zhanxin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xinyi Han
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Muqing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yang-Rong Yao
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Shangfeng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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7
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Li HD, Wu SG, Tong ML. Lanthanide-radical single-molecule magnets: current status and future challenges. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:6159-6170. [PMID: 37129902 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc07042a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In the field of molecular magnetism, the lanthanide-radical (Ln-Rad) method has become one of the most appealing tactics for introducing strong magnetic interactions and has spurred on the booming development of heterospin single-molecule magnets (SMMs). The article is a timely retrospect on the research progress of Ln-Rad heterospin systems and special attention is invested on low dimensional Ln-Rad compounds with SMM behavior, primarily concerning with nitrogen-based radicals, semiquinone and nitroxide radicals. Rational design, molecular structures, magnetic behaviors and magneto-structural correlations are highlighted. Meanwhile, particular attention is focused on the influence of exchange couplings on the dynamic magnetic properties, with the purpose of helping to guide the design of prospective radical-based Ln-SMMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Dao Li
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China.
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan Institute of Technology, Taiyuan 030008, China
| | - Si-Guo Wu
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China.
| | - Ming-Liang Tong
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China.
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8
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Duchamp JC, Dorn HC, Wysocki AL, Park K, Olmstead MM, Roy M, Balch AL. Tb 2O@ C2(13333)-C 74: A Non-Isolated Pentagon Endohedral Fullerene Containing a Nearly Linear Tb-O-Tb Unit. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:5114-5122. [PMID: 36939159 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c04250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
Terbium has been added to the list of elements that form oxide clusters inside fullerene cages. Tb2O@C2(13333)-C74 has been isolated as a byproduct of the electric arc synthesis of the azafullerene Tb2@C79N. Cocrystallization of Tb2O@C2(13333)-C74 with Ni(OEP) (where OEP is the dianion of octaethylporphyrin) in toluene yielded black needles of Tb2O@C2(13333)-C74·NiII(OEP)·1.5C7H8 that have been examined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The resulting structure shows that a nearly linear Tb-O-Tb unit is contained in a C2(13333)-C74, which has two sites where pentagons share an edge to form pentalene units at opposite ends of the fullerene. Unlike the usual situations where metal atoms in fullerenes that do not obey the isolated pentagon rule are situated within the folds of the pentalene units, the Tb atoms in Tb2O@C2(13333)-C74 are positioned to the side of the pentalene units and near-neighboring hexagons. The magnetic properties of Tb2O@C2(13333)-C74 have been examined starting from the experimental geometry, using ab-initio multiconfigurational methods. The computations predict that Tb2O@C2(13333)-C74 will show strong axiality, which would make it a single-molecule magnet with a large magnetic anisotropy barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- James C Duchamp
- Department of Chemistry, Emory and Henry College, Emory, Virginia 24327, United States
| | - Harry C Dorn
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Aleksander L Wysocki
- Department of Physics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Kyungwha Park
- Department of Physics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Marilyn M Olmstead
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Mrittika Roy
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Alan L Balch
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
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9
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Swain A, Sharma T, Rajaraman G. Strategies to quench quantum tunneling of magnetization in lanthanide single molecule magnets. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:3206-3228. [PMID: 36789911 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc06041h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Enhancing blocking temperature (TB) is one of the holy grails in Single Molecule Magnets(SMMs), as any future potential application in this class of molecules is directly correlated to this parameter. Among many factors contributing to a reduction of TB value, Quantum Tunnelling of Magnetisation (QTM), a phenomenon that is a curse or a blessing based on the application sought after, tops the list. Theoretical tools based on density functional and ab initio CASSCF/RASSI-SO methods have played a prominent role in estimating various spin Hamiltonian parameters and establishing the mechanism of magnetization relaxation in this class of molecules. Particularly, various strategies to quench QTM effects go hand-in-hand with experiments, and different methods proposed to quell QTM effects are scattered in the literature. In this perspective, we have explored various approaches that are proposed in the literature to quench QTM effects, and these include the role of (i) local symmetry of lanthanides, (ii) super-exchange interaction in {3d-4f} complexes, (iii) direct-exchange interaction in {radical-4f} and metal-metal bonded complexes to suppress the QTM, (iv) utilizing external stimuli such as an electric field or pressure to modulate the QTM and (v) avoiding QTM effects by stabilising toroidal states in 4f and {3d-4f} clusters. We believe the strategies summarized here will help to design new-generation SMMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abinash Swain
- Department of Chemistry, IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumbai - 400076, India.
| | - Tanu Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumbai - 400076, India.
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10
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Wang J, Sun CY, Zheng Q, Wang DQ, Chen YT, Ju JF, Sun TM, Cui Y, Ding Y, Tang YF. Lanthanide Single-molecule Magnets: Synthetic Strategy, Structures, Properties and Recent Advances. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202201297. [PMID: 36802202 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202201297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Single-molecule magnets (SMMs) show wide potential applications in the field of ultrahigh-density storage materials, quantum computing, spintronics, and so on. Lanthanide (Ln) SMMs, as an important category of SMMs, open up a promising prospect due to their large magnetic moments and huge magnetic anisotropy. However, the construction of high performance for Ln SMMs remains an enormous challenge. Although remarkable advances are focused on the topic of Ln SMMs, the research on Ln SMMs with different nuclear numbers is still deficient. Therefore, this review summarizes the design strategies for the construction of Ln SMMs, as well as the metal skeleton types. Furthermore, we collect reported Ln SMMs with mononuclearity, dinuclearity, and multinuclearity (three or more Ln spin centers) and the SMM properties including energy barrier (Ueff ) and pre-exponential factor (τ0 ) are described. Finally, Ln SMMs with low-nuclearity SMMs, especially for single-ion magnets (SIMs), are highlighted to understand the correlations between structures and magnetic behavior of the detail SMM properties are described. We expect the review can shed light on the future developments of high-performance Ln SMMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Jiangsu, 226019, P. R. China.,Nantong Key Lab of Intelligent and New Energy Materials, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, P. R. China
| | - Cheng-Yuan Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Jiangsu, 226019, P. R. China
| | - Qi Zheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Jiangsu, 226019, P. R. China
| | - Dan-Qi Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Jiangsu, 226019, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Ting Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Jiangsu, 226019, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Feng Ju
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Jiangsu, 226019, P. R. China
| | - Tong-Ming Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Jiangsu, 226019, P. R. China
| | - Ying Cui
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Jiangsu, 226019, P. R. China
| | - Yan Ding
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Jiangsu, 226019, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Feng Tang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Jiangsu, 226019, P. R. China.,Nantong Key Lab of Intelligent and New Energy Materials, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, P. R. China
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11
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Mironov VS, Bazhenova TA, Manakin YV, Yagubskii EB. Pentagonal-bipyramidal 4d and 5d complexes with unquenched orbital angular momentum as a unique platform for advanced single-molecule magnets: current state and perspectives. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:509-539. [PMID: 36537237 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt02954e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This article overviews the current state and prospects of the concept of advanced single-molecule magnets (SMMs) based on low-spin (S = 1/2) pentagonal-bipyramidal (PBP) 4d3 and 5d3 complexes with unquenched orbital angular momentum. This approach is based on the unique property of PBP 4d3 and 5d3 complexes to cause highly anisotropic spin coupling of perfect uniaxial symmetry, -JzSziSzj - Jxy(SxiSxj + SyiSyj), regardless of the local geometric symmetry. The M(4d/5d)-M(3d) exchange-coupled pairs in the apical positions of the PBP complexes produce Ising-type exchange interactions (|Jz| > |Jxy|), which serve as a powerful source of uniaxial magnetic anisotropy of a SMM cluster. In polynuclear heterometallic 4d/5d-3d complexes embodying PBP 4d/5d units and high-spin 3d ions, anisotropic Ising-type exchange interactions produce a double-well potential with high energy barriers Ueff, which is controlled by the anisotropic exchange parameters Jz, Jxy. Theoretical analysis shows that the barrier is proportional to the difference |Jz - Jxy| and to the number n of the apical 4d/5d-3d pairs in a SMM cluster, Ueff ∝ |Jz - Jxy|n, which provides an opportunity to scale up the barrier Ueff and blocking temperature TB up to the record values. A novel family of 4d/5d complexes with forced PBP coordination provided by structurally rigid planar pentadentate Schiff-base ligands in the equatorial plane is discussed as a better alternative to the cyanometallates. The possibility of a significant increase in the anisotropic exchange parameters Jz, Jxy in PBP complexes with monoatomic apical μ-bridging ligands is examined. The basic principles of molecular engineering the highest barrier through anisotropic exchange interactions of PBP 4d/5d complexes are formulated. The theoretical and experimental results taken together indicate that the concept of high-performance SMMs based on 4d/5d PBP complexes with unquenched orbital angular momentum is an attractive alternative to the currently dominant lanthanide-based SMM strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- V S Mironov
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics RAS, Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medical Chemistry RAS, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia. .,Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography of Federal Scientific Research Centre "Crystallography and Photonics" RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - T A Bazhenova
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics RAS, Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medical Chemistry RAS, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia.
| | - Yu V Manakin
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics RAS, Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medical Chemistry RAS, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia.
| | - E B Yagubskii
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics RAS, Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medical Chemistry RAS, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia.
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12
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Li Y, Biswas R, Kopcha WP, Dubroca T, Abella L, Sun Y, Crichton RA, Rathnam C, Yang L, Yeh YW, Kundu K, Rodríguez-Fortea A, Poblet JM, Lee KB, Hill S, Zhang J. Structurally Defined Water-Soluble Metallofullerene Derivatives towards Biomedical Applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202211704. [PMID: 36349405 PMCID: PMC9983306 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202211704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Endohedral metallofullerenes (EMFs) are excellent carriers of rare-earth element (REE) ions in biomedical applications because they preclude the release of toxic metal ions. However, existing approaches to synthesize water-soluble EMF derivatives yield mixtures that inhibit precise drug design. Here we report the synthesis of metallobuckytrio (MBT), a three-buckyball system, as a modular platform to develop structurally defined water-soluble EMF derivatives with ligands by choice. Demonstrated with PEG ligands, the resulting water-soluble MBTs show superb biocompatibility. The Gd MBTs exhibit superior T1 relaxivity than typical Gd complexes, potentially superseding current clinical MRI contrast agents in both safety and efficiency. The Lu MBTs generated reactive oxygen species upon light irradiation, showing promise as photosensitizers. With their modular nature to incorporate other ligands, we anticipate the MBT platform to open new paths towards bio-specific REE drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbang Li
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Rohin Biswas
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - William P. Kopcha
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Thierry Dubroca
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (NHMFL), Florida State University, 1800 E. Paul Dirac Dr., Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
| | - Laura Abella
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Yue Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Ryan A. Crichton
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Christopher Rathnam
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Letao Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Yao-Wen Yeh
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 136 Frelinghuysen Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Krishnendu Kundu
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (NHMFL), Florida State University, 1800 E. Paul Dirac Dr., Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
| | - Antonio Rodríguez-Fortea
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Josep M. Poblet
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Ki-Bum Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Stephen Hill
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (NHMFL), Florida State University, 1800 E. Paul Dirac Dr., Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA,Department of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Jianyuan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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13
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Xiang W, Jiang X, Yao YR, Xin J, Jin H, Guan R, Zhang Q, Chen M, Xie SY, Popov AA, Yang S. Monometallic Endohedral Azafullerene. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:21587-21595. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c08679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Xiang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xiaole Jiang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yang-Rong Yao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jinpeng Xin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Huaimin Jin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Runnan Guan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Qianyan Zhang
- State Key Lab for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Muqing Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Su-Yuan Xie
- State Key Lab for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Alexey A. Popov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstrasse 20, Dresden 01069, Germany
| | - Shangfeng Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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14
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Lunghi A, Sanvito S. Computational design of magnetic molecules and their environment using quantum chemistry, machine learning and multiscale simulations. Nat Rev Chem 2022; 6:761-781. [PMID: 37118096 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-022-00424-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Having served as a playground for fundamental studies on the physics of d and f electrons for almost a century, magnetic molecules are now becoming increasingly important for technological applications, such as magnetic resonance, data storage, spintronics and quantum information. All of these applications require the preservation and control of spins in time, an ability hampered by the interaction with the environment, namely with other spins, conduction electrons, molecular vibrations and electromagnetic fields. Thus, the design of a novel magnetic molecule with tailored properties is a formidable task, which does not only concern its electronic structures but also calls for a deep understanding of the interaction among all the degrees of freedom at play. This Review describes how state-of-the-art ab initio computational methods, combined with data-driven approaches to materials modelling, can be integrated into a fully multiscale strategy capable of defining design rules for magnetic molecules.
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15
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Koutsouflakis E, Krylov D, Bachellier N, Sostina D, Dubrovin V, Liu F, Spree L, Velkos G, Schimmel S, Wang Y, Büchner B, Westerström R, Bulbucan C, Kirkpatrick K, Muntwiler M, Dreiser J, Greber T, Avdoshenko SM, Dorn H, Popov AA. Metamagnetic transition and a loss of magnetic hysteresis caused by electron trapping in monolayers of single-molecule magnet Tb 2@C 79N. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:9877-9892. [PMID: 35781298 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr08475e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Realization of stable spin states in surface-supported magnetic molecules is crucial for their applications in molecular spintronics, memory storage or quantum information processing. In this work, we studied the surface magnetism of dimetallo-azafullerene Tb2@C79N, showing a broad magnetic hysteresis in a bulk form. Surprisingly, monolayers of Tb2@C79N exhibited a completely different behavior, with the prevalence of a ground state with antiferromagnetic coupling at low magnetic field and a metamagnetic transition in the magnetic field of 2.5-4 T. Monolayers of Tb2@C79N were deposited onto Cu(111) and Au(111) by evaporation in ultra-high vacuum conditions, and their topography and electronic structure were characterized by scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy (STM/STS). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), in combination with DFT studies, revealed that the nitrogen atom of the azafullerene cage tends to avoid metallic surfaces. Magnetic properties of the (sub)monolayers were then studied by X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) at the Tb-M4,5 absorption edge. While in bulk powder samples Tb2@C79N behaves as a single-molecule magnet with ferromagnetically coupled magnetic moments and blocking of magnetization at 28 K, its monolayers exhibited a different ground state with antiferromagnetic coupling of Tb magnetic moments. To understand if this unexpected behavior is caused by a strong hybridization of fullerenes with metallic substrates, XMCD measurements were also performed for Tb2@C79N adsorbed on h-BN|Rh(111) and MgO|Ag(100). The co-existence of two forms of Tb2@C79N was found on these substrates as well, but magnetization curves showed narrow magnetic hysteresis detectable up to 25 K. The non-magnetic state of Tb2@C79N in monolayers is assigned to anionic Tb2@C79N- species with doubly-occupied Tb-Tb bonding orbital and antiferromagnetic coupling of the Tb moments. A charge transfer from the substrate or trapping of secondary electrons are discussed as a plausible origin of these species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanouil Koutsouflakis
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Denis Krylov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Nicolas Bachellier
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Daria Sostina
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Vasilii Dubrovin
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Fupin Liu
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Lukas Spree
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Georgios Velkos
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Schimmel
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Yaofeng Wang
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Bernd Büchner
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Rasmus Westerström
- The Division of Synchrotron Radiation Research, Lund University, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
- NanoLund, Lund University, Box 118, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Claudiu Bulbucan
- The Division of Synchrotron Radiation Research, Lund University, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
- NanoLund, Lund University, Box 118, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Kyle Kirkpatrick
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - Matthias Muntwiler
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Jan Dreiser
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Greber
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- Physik-Institut der Universität Zürich, Winterthurerstr. 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Stas M Avdoshenko
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Harry Dorn
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - Alexey A Popov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
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16
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Nguyen GT, Ungur L. The Role of Radical Bridges in Polynuclear Single‐Molecule Magnets. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200227. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giang Truong Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science National University of Singapore Block S8 Level 3, 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore Singapore 117543
| | - Liviu Ungur
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science National University of Singapore Block S8 Level 3, 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore Singapore 117543
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17
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Zhu Z, Tang J. Metal–metal bond in lanthanide single-molecule magnets. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:9469-9481. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00516f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This review surveys recent critical advances in lanthanide SMMs, highlighting the influences of metal–metal bonds on the magnetization dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jinkui Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
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18
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Yang Q, Ungur L, Wernsdorfer W, Tang J. Toroidal magnetic moments in Tb4 squares. Inorg Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qi01459e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of Tb4 complexes isolated from reduced or dimerized Schiff base ligand share a similar µ4-O bridged Tb4 square core with the magnetic moments of the TbIII ions in...
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19
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Chen YC, Tong ML. Single-Molecule Magnets beyond a Single Lanthanide Ion: The Art of Coupling. Chem Sci 2022; 13:8716-8726. [PMID: 35975153 PMCID: PMC9350631 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc01532c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The promising future of storing and processing quantized information at the molecular level has been attracting the study of Single-Molecule Magnets (SMMs) for almost three decades. Although some recent breakthroughs are mainly about the SMMs containing only one lanthanide ion, we believe SMMs can tell a much deeper story than the single-ion anisotropy. Here in this Perspective, we will try to draw a unified picture of SMMs as a delicately coupled spin system between multiple spin centres. The hierarchical couplings will be presented step-by-step, from the intra-atomic hyperfine coupling, to the direct and indirect intra-molecular couplings with neighbouring spin centres, and all the way to the inter-molecular and spin–phonon couplings. Along with the discussions on their distinctive impacts on the energy level structures and thus magnetic behaviours, a promising big picture for further studies is proposed, encouraging the multifaceted developments of molecular magnetism and beyond. In this Perspective, we draw a unified picture for single-molecule magnets as delicately coupled spin systems, discuss the hierarchical couplings (from intra-atomic to inter-molecular) and their distinctive impacts on the magnetic behaviours.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Cong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| | - Ming-Liang Tong
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
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20
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Li Y, Emge TJ, Moreno-Vicente A, Kopcha WP, Sun Y, Mansoor IF, Lipke MC, Hall GS, Poblet JM, Rodríguez-Fortea A, Zhang J. Unexpected Formation of Metallofulleroids from Multicomponent Reactions, with Crystallographic and Computational Studies of the Cluster Motion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:25269-25273. [PMID: 34559455 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202110881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
New multicomponent reactions involving an isocyanide, terminal or internal alkynes, and endohedral metallofullerene (EMF) Lu3 N@C80 yield metallofulleroids which are characterized by mass-spectrometry, HPLC, and multiple 1D and 2D NMR techniques. Single crystal studies revealed one ketenimine metallofulleroid has ordered Lu3 N cluster which is unusual for EMF monoadducts. Computational analysis, based on crystallographic data, confirm that the endohedral cluster motion is controlled by the position of the exohedral organic appendants. Our findings provide a new functionalization reaction for EMFs, and a potential facile approach to freeze the endohedral cluster motion at relatively high temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbang Li
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Rd, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Thomas J Emge
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Rd, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Antonio Moreno-Vicente
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Marcel⋅lí Domingo 1, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - William P Kopcha
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Rd, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Yue Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Rd, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Iram F Mansoor
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Rd, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Mark C Lipke
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Rd, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Gene S Hall
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Rd, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Josep M Poblet
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Marcel⋅lí Domingo 1, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Antonio Rodríguez-Fortea
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Marcel⋅lí Domingo 1, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Jianyuan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Rd, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
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21
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Li Y, Emge TJ, Moreno‐Vicente A, Kopcha WP, Sun Y, Mansoor IF, Lipke MC, Hall GS, Poblet JM, Rodríguez‐Fortea A, Zhang J. Unexpected Formation of Metallofulleroids from Multicomponent Reactions, with Crystallographic and Computational Studies of the Cluster Motion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202110881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanbang Li
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey 123 Bevier Rd Piscataway NJ 08854 USA
| | - Thomas J. Emge
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey 123 Bevier Rd Piscataway NJ 08854 USA
| | - Antonio Moreno‐Vicente
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica Universitat Rovira i Virgili Marcel⋅lí Domingo 1 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - William P. Kopcha
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey 123 Bevier Rd Piscataway NJ 08854 USA
| | - Yue Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey 123 Bevier Rd Piscataway NJ 08854 USA
| | - Iram F. Mansoor
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey 123 Bevier Rd Piscataway NJ 08854 USA
| | - Mark C. Lipke
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey 123 Bevier Rd Piscataway NJ 08854 USA
| | - Gene S. Hall
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey 123 Bevier Rd Piscataway NJ 08854 USA
| | - Josep M. Poblet
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica Universitat Rovira i Virgili Marcel⋅lí Domingo 1 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Antonio Rodríguez‐Fortea
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica Universitat Rovira i Virgili Marcel⋅lí Domingo 1 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Jianyuan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey 123 Bevier Rd Piscataway NJ 08854 USA
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22
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Swain A, Sen A, Rajaraman G. Are lanthanide-transition metal direct bonds a route to achieving new generation {3d-4f} SMMs? Dalton Trans 2021; 50:16099-16109. [PMID: 34647556 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt02256c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Lanthanide based single-molecule magnets are gaining wide attention due to their potential applications in emerging technologies. One of the main challenges in this area is quenching quantum tunnelling of magnetisation (QTM), which often undercuts the magnetisation reversal barrier. Among the several strategies employed, enhancing exchange coupling has been studied in detail, with large exchanges resulting in stronger quenching of QTM effects. Lanthanides, however, suffer from weak exchanges offered by the deeply buried 4f orbitals and the numerous attempts to enhance the exchange coupling in the {3d-4f} pairs have not exceeded values larger than 30 cm-1. In this work, using a combination of DFT and the ab initio CASSCF/RASSI-SO method, we have explored lanthanide-transition metal direct bonds as a tool to quench QTM effects. In this direction, we have modelled [PyCp2LnMCp(CO)2] (Ln = Gd(III), Dy(III), and Er(III) and M = V(0), Mn(0), Co(0) and Fe(I) and here PyCp2 = [2,6-(CH2C5H3)2C5H3N]2- using [PyCp2DyFeCp(CO)2] as an example as reported by Nippe et al. (C. P. Burns, X. Yang, J. D. Wofford, N. S. Bhuvanesh, M. B. Hall and M. Nippe, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2018, 57, 8144). Bonding analysis reveals a dative Ln-TM bond with a donation of π(V/Mndxy-π*CO) to 5dz2 (Gd) in the case of Gd-V and Gd-Mn and 4s(Co) to 5dxy/5dyz (Gd) for Gd-Co with the transition metal ion being found in the low-spin S = ½ configurations in all the cases. B3LYP/TZV (Gd;CSDZ) calculations on [PyCp2GdMCp(CO)2] yield JGd-V = -46.1 cm-1, JGd-Mn = -57.1 cm-1, JGd-Co = +55.3 cm-1, JGd-Fe+ = +13.9 cm-1, JGd-Vhs = -162.1 cm-1 and JGd-Mnhs = -343.9 cm-1 and unveiling record-high J values for {3d-4f} complexes. The mechanism of magnetic coupling is developed, which discloses the dominating presence of strong 3d-4f orbital overlaps in most of the cases studied, leading to antiferromagnetic exchange. When these overlaps are weaker and 3d to Gd(5dz2), charge transfer dominates, yielding a ferromagnetic coupling for the Gd-Co/Gd-Fe+ complexes. Calculations performed on the anisotropic Dy(III) and Er(III) complexes reveal that the ground state gzz axis lies along the Cp-Ln-Cp axis and the Ln-TM bonds, respectively. Thus the Ln-TM bond hinders the single-ion anisotropy of Dy(III) by offering equatorial ligation and lowering the mJ = ±½ state energy, and at the same time, helping in enhancing the axiality of Er(III). When strong {3d-4f} exchange couplings are introduced, record-high barrier heights as high as 229 cm-1 were accomplished. Furthermore, the exchange coupling annihilates the QTM effects and suggests the lanthanide-transition metal direct bond as a viable alternative to enhance exchange coupling to bring {3d-4f} complexes back in the race for high-blocking SMMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abinash Swain
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai - 400076, India.
| | - Asmita Sen
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai - 400076, India.
| | - Gopalan Rajaraman
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai - 400076, India.
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Dey S, Rajaraman G. Attaining record-high magnetic exchange, magnetic anisotropy and blocking barriers in dilanthanofullerenes. Chem Sci 2021; 12:14207-14216. [PMID: 34760206 PMCID: PMC8565386 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc03925c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
While the blocking barrier (U eff) and blocking temperature (T B) for "Dysprocenium" SIMs have been increased beyond liquid N2 temperature, device fabrication of these molecules remains a challenge as low-coordinate Ln3+ complexes are very unstable. Encapsulating the lanthanide ion inside a cage such as a fullerene (called endohedral metallofullerene or EMF) opens up a new avenue leading to several Ln@EMF SMMs. The ab initio CASSCF calculations play a pivotal role in identifying target metal ions and suitable cages in this area. Encouraged by our earlier prediction on Ln2@C79N, which was verified by experiments, here we have undertaken a search to enhance the exchange coupling in this class of molecules beyond the highest reported value. Using DFT and ab initio calculations, we have studied a series of Gd2@C2n (30 ≤ 2n ≤ 80), where an antiferromagnetic J Gd⋯Gd of -43 cm-1 was found for a stable Gd2@C38-D 3h cage. This extremely large and exceptionally rare 4f⋯4f interaction results from a direct overlap of 4f orbitals due to the confinement effect. In larger cages such as Gd2@C60 and Gd2@C80, the formation of two centre-one-electron (2c-1e-) Gd-Gd bonds is perceived. This results in a radical formation in the fullerene cage leading to its instability. To avoid this, we have studied heterofullerenes where one of the carbon atoms is replaced by a nitrogen atom. Specifically, we have studied Ln2@C59N and Ln2@C79N, where strong delocalisation of the electron yields a mixed valence-like behaviour. This suggests a double-exchange (B) is operational, and CASSCF calculations yield a B value of 434.8 cm-1 and resultant J Gd-rad of 869.5 cm-1 for the Gd2@C59N complex. These parameters are found to be two times larger than the world-record J reported for Gd2@C79N. Further ab initio calculations reveal an unprecedented U cal of 1183 and 1501 cm-1 for Dy2@C59N and Tb2@C59N, respectively. Thus, this study offers strong exchange coupling as criteria for new generation SMMs as the existing idea of enhancing the blocking barrier via crystal field modulation has reached its saturation point.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Dey
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai Mumbai 400076 India
| | - Gopalan Rajaraman
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai Mumbai 400076 India
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24
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Wang Y, Velkos G, Israel NJ, Rosenkranz M, Büchner B, Liu F, Popov AA. Electrophilic Trifluoromethylation of Dimetallofullerene Anions en Route to Air-Stable Single-Molecule Magnets with High Blocking Temperature of Magnetization. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:18139-18149. [PMID: 34669376 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c07021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Lanthanide dimetallofullerenes with single-electron M-M bonds are an important class of single molecular magnets and qubit candidates, but stabilization of their unique electronic and spin structure in the form of a neutral molecule requires functionalization of the fullerene cage with a single radical group. The lack of selectivity of the currently available procedure results in a complicated and tedious separation process. Here we demonstrate that electrophilic trifluoromethylation of a mixture of metallofullerene anions with Umemoto reagent II is highly selective toward M2@C80- (M = Tb, Y) anions, yielding M2@C80(CF3) monoadducts as the main reaction product. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction study proved attachment of the CF3 group to the pentagon/hexagon/hexagon junction and revealed that positions of metal atoms inside the fullerene cage in the cocrystal with NiOEP are strongly related to the position of the porphyrin moieties. Magnetic characterization of Tb2@C80(CF3) showed that it is a robust single-molecule magnet with broad magnetic hysteresis, 100 s blocking temperature of 25 K, and the relaxation barrier of 801(4) K, corresponding to the flipping of the Tb magnetic moment in the strongly ferromagnetically coupled [Tb3+-e-Tb3+] spin system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaofeng Wang
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Georgios Velkos
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Noel Jens Israel
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Marco Rosenkranz
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Bernd Büchner
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Fupin Liu
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexey A Popov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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25
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Paschke F, Birk T, Enenkel V, Liu F, Romankov V, Dreiser J, Popov AA, Fonin M. Exceptionally High Blocking Temperature of 17 K in a Surface-Supported Molecular Magnet. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2102844. [PMID: 34396601 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202102844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Single-molecule magnets (SMMs) are among the most promising building blocks for future magnetic data storage or quantum computing applications, owing to magnetic bistability and long magnetic relaxation times. The practical device integration requires realization of 2D surface assemblies of SMMs, where each magnetic unit shows magnetic relaxation being sufficiently slow at application-relevant temperatures. Using X-ray absorption spectroscopy and X-ray magnetic circular dichroism, it is shown that sub-monolayers of Dy2 @C80 (CH2 Ph) dimetallofullerenes prepared on graphene by electrospray deposition exhibit magnetic behavior fully comparable to that of the bulk. Magnetic hysteresis and relaxation time measurements show that the magnetic moment remains stable for 100 s at 17 K, marking the blocking temperature TB(100) , being not only in excellent agreement with that of the bulk sample but also representing by far the highest one detected for a surface-supported single-molecule magnet. The reported findings give a boost to the efforts to stabilize and address the spin degree of freedom in molecular magnets aiming at the realization of SMM-based spintronic units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Paschke
- Department of Physics, University of Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Tobias Birk
- Department of Physics, University of Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Vivien Enenkel
- Department of Physics, University of Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Fupin Liu
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Vladyslav Romankov
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, 5232, Switzerland
| | - Jan Dreiser
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, 5232, Switzerland
| | - Alexey A Popov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Mikhail Fonin
- Department of Physics, University of Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
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Abstract
Molecular magnets are a relatively new class of purely organic or metallo-organic materials, showing magnetism even without an external magnetic field. This interdisciplinary field between chemistry and physics has been gaining increased interest since the 1990s. While bulk molecular magnets are usually hard to build because of their molecular structures, low-dimensional molecular magnets are often easier to construct, down to dot-like (zero-dimensional) structures, which are investigated by different scanning probe technologies. On these scales, new effects such as superparamagnetic behavior or coherent switching during magnetization reversal can be recognized. Here, we give an overview of the recent advances in molecular nanomagnets, starting with single-molecule magnets (0D), typically based on Mn12, Fe8, or Mn4, going further to single-chain magnets (1D) and finally higher-dimensional molecular nanomagnets. This review does not aim to give a comprehensive overview of all research fields dealing with molecular nanomagnets, but instead aims at pointing out diverse possible materials and effects in order to stimulate new research in this broad field of nanomagnetism.
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27
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Lanthanides and actinides: Annual survey of their organometallic chemistry covering the year 2019. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.213830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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28
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Nehrkorn J, Greer SM, Malbrecht BJ, Anderton KJ, Aliabadi A, Krzystek J, Schnegg A, Holldack K, Herrmann C, Betley TA, Stoll S, Hill S. Spectroscopic Investigation of a Metal-Metal-Bonded Fe 6 Single-Molecule Magnet with an Isolated S = 19/ 2 Giant-Spin Ground State. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:4610-4622. [PMID: 33683105 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c03595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The metal-metal-bonded molecule [Bu4N][(HL)2Fe6(dmf)2] (Fe6) was previously shown to possess a thermally isolated spin S = 19/2 ground state and found to exhibit slow magnetization relaxation below a blocking temperature of ∼5 K [J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2015, 137, 13949-13956]. Here, we present a comprehensive spectroscopic investigation of this unique single-molecule magnet (SMM), combining ultrawideband field-swept high-field electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) with frequency-domain Fourier-transform terahertz EPR to accurately quantify the spin Hamiltonian parameters of Fe6. Of particular importance is the near absence of a 4th-order axial zero-field splitting term, which is known to arise because of quantum mechanical mixing of spin states on account of the relatively weak spin-spin (superexchange) interactions in traditional polynuclear SMMs such as the celebrated Mn12-acetate. The combined high-resolution measurements on both powder samples and an oriented single crystal provide a quantitative measure of the isolated nature of the spin ground state in the Fe6 molecule, as well as additional microscopic insights into factors that govern the quantum tunneling of its magnetization. This work suggests strategies for improving the performance of polynuclear SMMs featuring direct metal-metal bonds and strong ferromagnetic spin-spin (exchange) interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joscha Nehrkorn
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Institute for Inorganic and Applied Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States.,Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstraße 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Samuel M Greer
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Brian J Malbrecht
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Kevin J Anderton
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Azar Aliabadi
- Berlin Joint EPR Laboratory, Institut für Nanospektroskopie, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Kekuléstraße 5, Berlin 12489, Germany
| | - J Krzystek
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Alexander Schnegg
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstraße 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany.,Berlin Joint EPR Laboratory, Institut für Nanospektroskopie, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Kekuléstraße 5, Berlin 12489, Germany
| | - Karsten Holldack
- Institut für Methoden und Instrumentierung der Forschung mit Synchrotronstrahlung, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialen und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, Berlin 12489, Germany
| | - Carmen Herrmann
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Inorganic and Applied Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Theodore A Betley
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Stefan Stoll
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Stephen Hill
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States.,Department of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee 32306, Florida, United States
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Kanetomo T, Naoi Y, Enomoto M. Gadolinium‐Triradical Complex with Ground
S
= 10 State: Synthesis, Structural Characterization and Magnetic Studies. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202001113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Kanetomo
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Division 1 Tokyo University of Science 1–3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 162-8601 Japan
| | - Yuya Naoi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Division 1 Tokyo University of Science 1–3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 162-8601 Japan
| | - Masaya Enomoto
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Division 1 Tokyo University of Science 1–3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 162-8601 Japan
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30
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López-Moreno A, del Carmen Giménez-López M. Metallic-based magnetic switches under confinement. ADVANCES IN ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.adomc.2021.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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31
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Wu SG, Peng YY, Chen YC, Liu JL, Tong ML. Magnetic dynamics of an open-ring tridysprosium complex employing mixed ligands. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:14140-14147. [PMID: 33021292 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt02698k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
By employing mixed ligands, a new trinuclear dysprosium complex [Dy3(dbm)3(L)4](ClO4)2·CH2Cl2·2MeOH (1, Hdbm = dibenzoylmethane; HL = 2-methoxy-6-((quinolin-8-ylimino)methyl)phenol) was synthesized by a one-pot reaction. According to structural characterization, all the 8-coordinated Dy(iii) sites are well arranged with slightly distorted square antiprism (D4d) geometries. Magnetic measurements reveal that 1 exhibits typical single-molecule magnetic behavior at zero magnetic field and shows rarely open hysteresis loops up to 3 K among open-ring {Dy3} SMMs, where the relaxation time remains very stable under the protection from the Dy-Dy magnetic coupling in the open-ring arrangement of Ising spins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Guo Wu
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510275 Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China.
| | - Yuan-Yuan Peng
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510275 Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China.
| | - Yan-Cong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510275 Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China.
| | - Jun-Liang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510275 Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China.
| | - Ming-Liang Tong
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510275 Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China.
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32
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Zaripov RB, Kandrashkin YE, Salikhov KM, Büchner B, Liu F, Rosenkranz M, Popov AA, Kataev V. Unusually large hyperfine structure of the electron spin levels in an endohedral dimetallofullerene and its spin coherent properties. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:20513-20521. [PMID: 33026391 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr06114j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We report the synthesis, ESR spectroscopic and spin coherent properties of the dimetallofullerene Sc2@C80(CH2Ph). The single-electron metal-metal bond of the Sc2 dimer inside the fullerene's cage is stabilized with the electron spin density being fully localized at the metal bond. This results in an extraordinary strong hyperfine interaction of the electron spin with the 45Sc nuclear spins with a coupling constant a = 18.2 mT (∼510 MHz) and yields a fully resolved hyperfine-split ESR spectrum comprising 64 lines. The splitting is present even at low temperatures where the molecular dynamics are completely frozen. The large extent and the robustness of the hyperfine-split spectra enable us to identify and control the well-defined transitions between specific electron-nuclear quantum states. This made it possible to demonstrate in our pulse ESR study the remarkable spin coherent dynamics of Sc2@C80(CH2Ph), such as the generation of arbitrary superpositions of the spin states in a nutation experiment and the spin dephasing times above 10 μs at temperatures T < 80 K reaching the value of 17 μs at T ≤ 20 K. These observations suggest Sc2@C80(CH2Ph) as an interesting qubit candidate and motivate further synthetic efforts to obtain fullerene-based systems with superior spin properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruslan B Zaripov
- Zavoisky Physical-Technical Institute, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan 420029, Russia.
| | - Yuri E Kandrashkin
- Zavoisky Physical-Technical Institute, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan 420029, Russia.
| | - Kev M Salikhov
- Zavoisky Physical-Technical Institute, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan 420029, Russia.
| | - Bernd Büchner
- Leibniz IFW Dresden, D-01069, Dresden, Germany and Institute for Solid State and Materials Physics, TU Dresden, D-01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Fupin Liu
- Leibniz IFW Dresden, D-01069, Dresden, Germany
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33
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Krylov D, Velkos G, Chen CH, Büchner B, Kostanyan A, Greber T, Avdoshenko SM, Popov AA. Magnetic hysteresis and strong ferromagnetic coupling of sulfur-bridged Dy ions in clusterfullerene Dy 2S@C 82. Inorg Chem Front 2020; 7:3521-3532. [PMID: 33442482 PMCID: PMC7116581 DOI: 10.1039/d0qi00771d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two isomers of metallofullerene Dy2S@C82 with sulfur-bridged Dy ions exhibit broad magnetic hysteresis with sharp steps at sub-Kelvin temperature. Analysis of the level crossing events for different orientations of a magnetic field showed that even in powder samples, the hysteresis steps caused by quantum tunneling of magnetization can provide precise information on the strength of intramolecular Dy⋯Dy inter-actions. A comparison of different methods to determine the energy difference between ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic states showed that sub-Kelvin hysteresis gives the most robust and reliable values. The ground state in Dy2S@C82 has ferromagnetic coupling of Dy magnetic moments, whereas the state with antiferromagnetic coupling in C s and C 3v cage isomers is 10.7 and 5.1 cm-1 higher, respectively. The value for the C s isomer is among the highest found in metallofullerenes and is considerably larger than that reported in non-fullerene dinuclear molecular magnets. Magnetization relaxation times measured in zero magnetic field at sub-Kelvin temperatures tend to level off near 900 and 3200 s in C s and C 3v isomers. These times correspond to the quantum tunneling relaxation mechanism, in which the whole magnetic moment of the Dy2S@C82 molecule flips at once as a single entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Krylov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany.,Center for Quantum Nanoscience, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Georgios Velkos
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Chia-Hsiang Chen
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany.,Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Bernd Büchner
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Aram Kostanyan
- Physik-Institut der Universität Zürich, Winterthurerstr. 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Greber
- Physik-Institut der Universität Zürich, Winterthurerstr. 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Stanislav M Avdoshenko
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexey A Popov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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34
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Hahn P, Ullmann S, Klose J, Peng Y, Powell AK, Kersting B. Dinuclear Tb and Dy complexes supported by hybrid Schiff-base/calixarene ligands: synthesis, structures and magnetic properties. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:10901-10908. [PMID: 32720658 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt02209h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of the new lanthanide complexes [HNEt3][Dy2(HL1)(L1)] (5), and [Ln2(L2)2] (Ln = TbIII (7), DyIII (8)) supported by the hybrid Schiff-base/calix[4]arene ligands H4L1 (25-[2-((2-methylphenol)imino)ethoxy]-26,27,28-trihydroxy-calix[4]arene) and H3L2 (25-[2-((2-methylpyridine)imino)ethoxy]-26,27,28-trihydroxy-calix[4]arene) are reported. Spectroscopic data (for 5) and X-ray crystallographic analysis (for 7·4MeCN, 8·4MeCN) reveal the presence of dimeric structures, featuring doubly-bridged NO4Ln(μ-O)2LnO4N (5) or N2O3Ln(μ-O)2LnO3N2 cores (7, 8) with seven-coordinated Ln3+ ions. The magnetic properties of polycrystalline samples of 5, 7 and 8 were studied by variable temperature dc and ac magnetic susceptibility measurements. The χ''(T) vs. T plots show no maxima in zero field, but the maxima can be detected under a 3 kOe dc field. The relaxation times τ obey the Arrhenius law above 5 K. Anisotropy barriers of ∼18 cm-1 (26 K) for 5 and ∼23 cm-1 (33 K) for 8 were determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Hahn
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Johannisallee 29, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Steve Ullmann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Johannisallee 29, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Jennifer Klose
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Johannisallee 29, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Yan Peng
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstrasse 15, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Annie K Powell
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstrasse 15, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Berthold Kersting
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Johannisallee 29, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany.
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35
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Huang GZ, Ruan ZY, Zheng JY, Chen YC, Wu SG, Liu JL, Tong ML. Seeking magneto-structural correlations in easily tailored pentagonal bipyramid Dy(III) single-ion magnets. Sci China Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-020-9746-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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36
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Wang Y, Xiong J, Su J, Hu Z, Ma F, Sun R, Tan X, Sun HL, Wang BW, Shi Z, Gao S. Dy 2@C 79N: a new member of dimetalloazafullerenes with strong single molecular magnetism. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:11130-11135. [PMID: 32400841 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr02519d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Enhancing the exchange interaction between magnetic ions is a long-term target in molecular magnetism. Endohedral metallofullerenes (EMFs) provide a possibility for achieving such a goal by imprisoning multiple magnetic centers inside the confined inner space of a fullerene cage. Here, we report a new member of dimetallic azafullerene Dy2@C79N via crystallographic determination for the first time. Magnetic studies indicate that the strong ferromagnetic coupling between lanthanide ions and unpaired electrons enables Dy2@C79N to be a favorable SMM with large energy barrier of U = 669 K and observable hysteresis loops below 24 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, State Key Lab of Rare Earth, Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peiking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China.
| | - Jin Xiong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, State Key Lab of Rare Earth, Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peiking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China.
| | - Jie Su
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, State Key Lab of Rare Earth, Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peiking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China.
| | - Ziqi Hu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, State Key Lab of Rare Earth, Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peiking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China.
| | - Fang Ma
- Department of Chemistry and Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China.
| | - Rong Sun
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, State Key Lab of Rare Earth, Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peiking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China.
| | - Xueyou Tan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, State Key Lab of Rare Earth, Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peiking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China.
| | - Hao-Ling Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China.
| | - Bing-Wu Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, State Key Lab of Rare Earth, Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peiking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China.
| | - Zujin Shi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, State Key Lab of Rare Earth, Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peiking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China.
| | - Song Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, State Key Lab of Rare Earth, Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peiking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China.
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37
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Velkos G, Yang W, Yao YR, Sudarkova SM, Liu X, Büchner B, Avdoshenko SM, Chen N, Popov AA. Shape-adaptive single-molecule magnetism and hysteresis up to 14 K in oxide clusterfullerenes Dy 2O@C 72 and Dy 2O@C 74 with fused pentagon pairs and flexible Dy-(μ 2-O)-Dy angle. Chem Sci 2020; 11:4766-4772. [PMID: 33437409 PMCID: PMC7116574 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc00624f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysprosium oxide clusterfullerenes Dy2O@Cs(10528)-C72 and Dy2O@C2(13333)-C74 are synthesized and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Carbon cages of both molecules feature two adjacent pentagon pairs. These pentalene units determine positions of endohedral Dy ions hence the shape of the Dy2O cluster, which is bent in Dy2O@C72 but linear in Dy2O@C74. Both compounds show slow relaxation of magnetization and magnetic hysteresis. Nearly complete cancelation of ferromagnetic dipolar and antiferromagnetic exchange Dy…Dy interactions leads to unusual magnetic properties. Dy2O@C74 exhibits zero-field quantum tunneling of magnetization and magnetic hysteresis up to 14 K, the highest temperature among Dy-clusterfullerenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Velkos
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Helmholtzstraße 20
,
01069 Dresden
, Germany
.
;
| | - Wei Yang
- College of Chemistry
, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
, Soochow University
,
Suzhou
, Jiangsu 215123
, P.R. China
.
| | - Yang-Rong Yao
- Department of Chemistry
, University of Texas at El Paso
, 500 W University Avenue
,
El Paso
, Texas 79968
, USA
| | - Svetlana M. Sudarkova
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Helmholtzstraße 20
,
01069 Dresden
, Germany
.
;
- Chemistry Department
, Moscow State University
,
119991 Moscow
, Russia
| | - XinYe Liu
- College of Chemistry
, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
, Soochow University
,
Suzhou
, Jiangsu 215123
, P.R. China
.
| | - Bernd Büchner
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Helmholtzstraße 20
,
01069 Dresden
, Germany
.
;
| | - Stanislav M. Avdoshenko
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Helmholtzstraße 20
,
01069 Dresden
, Germany
.
;
| | - Ning Chen
- College of Chemistry
, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
, Soochow University
,
Suzhou
, Jiangsu 215123
, P.R. China
.
| | - Alexey A. Popov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Helmholtzstraße 20
,
01069 Dresden
, Germany
.
;
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38
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Krylov DS, Schimmel S, Dubrovin V, Liu F, Nguyen TTN, Spree L, Chen C, Velkos G, Bulbucan C, Westerström R, Studniarek M, Dreiser J, Hess C, Büchner B, Avdoshenko SM, Popov AA. Substrate‐Independent Magnetic Bistability in Monolayers of the Single‐Molecule Magnet Dy
2
ScN@C
80
on Metals and Insulators. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201913955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Denis S. Krylov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Helmholtzstraße 20 01069 Dresden Germany
- Center for Quantum Nanoscience Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Sebastian Schimmel
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Helmholtzstraße 20 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Vasilii Dubrovin
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Helmholtzstraße 20 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Fupin Liu
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Helmholtzstraße 20 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - T. T. Nhung Nguyen
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Helmholtzstraße 20 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Lukas Spree
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Helmholtzstraße 20 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Chia‐Hsiang Chen
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Helmholtzstraße 20 01069 Dresden Germany
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung 807 Taiwan
| | - Georgios Velkos
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Helmholtzstraße 20 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Claudiu Bulbucan
- The division of synchrotron radiation research Lund University 22100 Lund Sweden
| | - Rasmus Westerström
- The division of synchrotron radiation research Lund University 22100 Lund Sweden
| | - Michał Studniarek
- Swiss Light Source Paul Scherrer Institute 5232 Villigen PSI Switzerland
| | - Jan Dreiser
- Swiss Light Source Paul Scherrer Institute 5232 Villigen PSI Switzerland
| | - Christian Hess
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Helmholtzstraße 20 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Bernd Büchner
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Helmholtzstraße 20 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Stanislav M. Avdoshenko
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Helmholtzstraße 20 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Alexey A. Popov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Helmholtzstraße 20 01069 Dresden Germany
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39
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Krylov DS, Schimmel S, Dubrovin V, Liu F, Nguyen TTN, Spree L, Chen C, Velkos G, Bulbucan C, Westerström R, Studniarek M, Dreiser J, Hess C, Büchner B, Avdoshenko SM, Popov AA. Substrate-Independent Magnetic Bistability in Monolayers of the Single-Molecule Magnet Dy 2 ScN@C 80 on Metals and Insulators. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:5756-5764. [PMID: 31860759 PMCID: PMC7155138 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201913955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic hysteresis is demonstrated for monolayers of the single-molecule magnet (SMM) Dy2 ScN@C80 deposited on Au(111), Ag(100), and MgO|Ag(100) surfaces by vacuum sublimation. The topography and electronic structure of Dy2 ScN@C80 adsorbed on Au(111) were studied by STM. X-ray magnetic CD studies show that the Dy2 ScN@C80 monolayers exhibit similarly broad magnetic hysteresis independent on the substrate used, but the orientation of the Dy2 ScN cluster depends strongly on the surface. DFT calculations show that the extent of the electronic interaction of the fullerene molecules with the surface is increasing dramatically from MgO to Au(111) and Ag(100). However, the charge redistribution at the fullerene-surface interface is fully absorbed by the carbon cage, leaving the state of the endohedral cluster intact. This Faraday cage effect of the fullerene preserves the magnetic bistability of fullerene-SMMs on conducting substrates and facilitates their application in molecular spintronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis S. Krylov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials ResearchHelmholtzstraße 2001069DresdenGermany
- Center for Quantum NanoscienceInstitute for Basic Science (IBS)SeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Sebastian Schimmel
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials ResearchHelmholtzstraße 2001069DresdenGermany
| | - Vasilii Dubrovin
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials ResearchHelmholtzstraße 2001069DresdenGermany
| | - Fupin Liu
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials ResearchHelmholtzstraße 2001069DresdenGermany
| | - T. T. Nhung Nguyen
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials ResearchHelmholtzstraße 2001069DresdenGermany
| | - Lukas Spree
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials ResearchHelmholtzstraße 2001069DresdenGermany
| | - Chia‐Hsiang Chen
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials ResearchHelmholtzstraße 2001069DresdenGermany
- Department of Medicinal and Applied ChemistryKaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiung807Taiwan
| | - Georgios Velkos
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials ResearchHelmholtzstraße 2001069DresdenGermany
| | - Claudiu Bulbucan
- The division of synchrotron radiation researchLund University22100LundSweden
| | - Rasmus Westerström
- The division of synchrotron radiation researchLund University22100LundSweden
| | - Michał Studniarek
- Swiss Light SourcePaul Scherrer Institute5232Villigen PSISwitzerland
| | - Jan Dreiser
- Swiss Light SourcePaul Scherrer Institute5232Villigen PSISwitzerland
| | - Christian Hess
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials ResearchHelmholtzstraße 2001069DresdenGermany
| | - Bernd Büchner
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials ResearchHelmholtzstraße 2001069DresdenGermany
| | - Stanislav M. Avdoshenko
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials ResearchHelmholtzstraße 2001069DresdenGermany
| | - Alexey A. Popov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials ResearchHelmholtzstraße 2001069DresdenGermany
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40
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Shen W, Hu S, Lu X. Endohedral Metallofullerenes: New Structures and Unseen Phenomena. Chemistry 2020; 26:5748-5757. [PMID: 31886563 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Endohedral metallofullerenes (EMFs), namely fullerenes with metallic species encapsulated inside, represent an ideal platform to investigate metal-metal or metal-carbon interactions at the sub-nanometer scale by means of single-crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD) crystallography. Herein, recent progress in the identification of new structures and unprecedented properties are discussed according to the categories of monometallofullerenes, dimetallofullerenes, carbide clusterfullerenes, and nitride clusterfullerenes. In particular, the dimerization and the cage-isomer dependent oxidation state of the inner metal atom are summarized in terms of pristine monometallofullerenes. Metal-metal bonds involving lanthanide-lanthanides or actinide-actinides are discussed based on both experimental and theoretical studies. The cluster-cage matching and/or mutual selections, as well as the rarely seen M=C double bonds, are discovered in M2 C2 @C2n , U2 C@C80 , M2 TiC@C80 , and Ti3 C3 @C80 . Subsequently, the geometries of different M3 N clusters in various cages are discussed, revealing size-matching between the internal M3 N cluster and the outer cage induced by the planarity of the cluster. Finally, an outlook regarding the future developments of the molecular structures and applications of EMFs is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangqiang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Shuaifeng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, China
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41
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Wu J, Demeshko S, Dechert S, Meyer F. Hexanuclear [Cp*Dy] 6 single-molecule magnet. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:3887-3890. [PMID: 32134051 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc09774k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A hexanuclear cluster [(Cp*Dy)6K4Cl16(THF)6], [Cp*Dy]6, has been constructed from six {Cp*DyIII} synthons in which the strongly coordinating Cp*- caps determine the local anisotropy axes. Structural characterization of [Cp*Dy]6 shows two almost parallel triangular (Cp*Dy)3 fragments that are linked by the K+ and Cl- ions. Magnetic measurements reveal slow thermal relaxation and fast quantum tunneling relaxation in the absence of an external dc field. After applying a weak dc field, the quantum tunneling relaxation is efficiently suppressed, giving a sizable energy barrier of 561 K, which represents the current record energy barrier for high nuclearity organometallic SMMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Wu
- Universität Göttingen, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Tammannstr. 4, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany.
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42
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Castro-Alvarez A, Gil Y, Llanos L, Aravena D. High performance single-molecule magnets, Orbach or Raman relaxation suppression? Inorg Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qi00487a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Relaxation mechanisms limiting the blocking temperature for high-performance single molecule magnets (SMMs) are investigated. Best SMMs are limited by the exponential regime. Current ab initio methods can yield accurate estimations for this limit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Castro-Alvarez
- Departamento de Química de los Materiales
- Facultad de Química y Biología
- Universidad de Santiago de Chile
- Santiago
- Chile
| | - Yolimar Gil
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Analítica
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas
- Universidad de Chile
- Santiago
- Chile
| | - Leonel Llanos
- Departamento de Química de los Materiales
- Facultad de Química y Biología
- Universidad de Santiago de Chile
- Santiago
- Chile
| | - Daniel Aravena
- Departamento de Química de los Materiales
- Facultad de Química y Biología
- Universidad de Santiago de Chile
- Santiago
- Chile
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43
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Wu SG, Zhan CY, Huang GZ, Ruan ZY, Liu JL, Tong ML. Slow magnetic dynamics in centrosymmetric didysprosium and equilateral triangular tridysprosium molecules. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:4164-4171. [DOI: 10.1039/d0dt00481b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Slow magnetic dynamics were investigated in centrosymmetric didysprosium and equilateral triangular tridysprosium molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Guo Wu
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- 510275 Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Chang-Ye Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- 510275 Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Guo-Zhang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- 510275 Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Ze-Yu Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- 510275 Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Jun-Liang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- 510275 Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Ming-Liang Tong
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- 510275 Guangzhou
- P. R. China
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44
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Ke H, Yang Y, Wei W, Jiang Y, Zhang YQ, Xie G, Chen S. Synergistic effect of mixed ligands on the anisotropy axis of two dinuclear dysprosium complexes. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:10594-10602. [DOI: 10.1039/d0dt02139c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We present the synergistic effect of mixed ligands on the anisotropy axis of two dinuclear dysprosium complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongshan Ke
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi'an 710069
- P. R. China
| | - Yongsheng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi'an 710069
- P. R. China
| | - Wen Wei
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi'an 710069
- P. R. China
| | - Youdong Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi'an 710069
- P. R. China
| | - Yi-Quan Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for NSLSCS
- School of Physical Science and Technology
- Nanjing Normal University
- Nanjing 210023
- P. R. China
| | - Gang Xie
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi'an 710069
- P. R. China
| | - Sanping Chen
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi'an 710069
- P. R. China
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45
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Collins R, Heras Ojea MJ, Mansikkamäki A, Tang J, Layfield RA. Carbonyl Back-Bonding Influencing the Rate of Quantum Tunnelling in a Dysprosium Metallocene Single-Molecule Magnet. Inorg Chem 2019; 59:642-647. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b02895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Collins
- Department of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QR, U.K
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - María José Heras Ojea
- Department of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QR, U.K
| | - Akseli Mansikkamäki
- Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Centre, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, Jyväskylä FI-40014, Finland
| | - Jinkui Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Richard A. Layfield
- Department of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QR, U.K
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46
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Swain A, Sarkar A, Rajaraman G. Role of Ab Initio Calculations in the Design and Development of Organometallic Lanthanide-Based Single-Molecule Magnets. Chem Asian J 2019; 14:4056-4073. [PMID: 31557389 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201900828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Single-molecule magnets based on lanthanides are very attractive due to their potential applications proposed in the area of microelectronic devices. Very recent advances in this area are due to the blend of conventional lanthanide chemistry with organometallic ligands, and several breakthrough achievements are attained with this combination. Ab initio methods based on multi-reference CASSCF calculations are playing a vital role in the design and development of such molecules. In this minireview, we aim to appraise various contributions in the area of organometallic lanthanide complexes (those containing lanthanide-carbon bonds) and describe how these robust wavefunction-based methods have played a constructive role not only in rationalizing the observed magnetic properties but also proven to be a potential predictive tool with some selected examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abinash Swain
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Arup Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Gopalan Rajaraman
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
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47
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Wang T, Wang C. Functional Metallofullerene Materials and Their Applications in Nanomedicine, Magnetics, and Electronics. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1901522. [PMID: 31131986 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201901522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Endohedral metallofullerenes exhibit combined properties from carbon cages as well as internal metal moieties and have great potential in a wide range of applications as molecule materials. Along with the breakthrough of mass production of metallofullerenes, their applied research has been greatly developed with more and more new functions and practical applications. For gadolinium metallofullerenes, their water-soluble derivatives have been demonstrated with antitumor activity and unprecedented tumor vascular-targeting therapy. Metallofullerene water-soluble derivatives also can be applied to treat reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced diseases due to their high antioxidative activity. For magnetic metallofullerenes, the internal electron spin and metal species bring about spin sensitivity, molecular magnets, and spin quantum qubits, which have many promising applications. Metallofullerenes are significant candidates for fabricating useful electronic devices because of their various electronic structures. This Review provides a summary of the metallofullerene studies reported recently, in the fields of tumor inhibition, tumor vascular-targeting therapies, antioxidative activity, spin probes, single-molecule magnets, spin qubits, and electronic devices. This is not an exhaustive summary and there are many other important study results regarding metallofullerenes. All of this research has revealed the irreplaceable role of metallofullerene materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taishan Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
| | - Chunru Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
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48
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Liu F, Spree L, Krylov DS, Velkos G, Avdoshenko SM, Popov AA. Single-Electron Lanthanide-Lanthanide Bonds Inside Fullerenes toward Robust Redox-Active Molecular Magnets. Acc Chem Res 2019; 52:2981-2993. [PMID: 31571482 PMCID: PMC6796827 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.9b00373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A characteristic phenomenon of lanthanide-fullerene interactions is the transfer of metal valence electrons to the carbon cage. With early lanthanides such as La, a complete transfer of six valence electrons takes place for the metal dimers encapsulated in the fullerene cage. However, the low energy of the σ-type Ln-Ln bonding orbital in the second half of the lanthanide row limits the Ln2 → fullerene transfer to only five electrons. One electron remains in the Ln-Ln bonding orbital, whereas the fullerene cage with a formal charge of -5 is left electron-deficient. Such Ln2@C80 molecules are unstable in the neutral form but can be stabilized by substitution of one carbon atom by nitrogen to give azafullerenes Ln2@C79N or by quenching the unpaired electron on the fullerene cage by reacting it with a chemical such as benzyl bromide, transforming one sp2 carbon into an sp3 carbon and yielding the monoadduct Ln2@C80(CH2Ph). Because of the presence of the Ln-Ln bonding molecular orbital with one electron, the Ln2@C79N and Ln2@C80(R) molecules feature a unique single-electron Ln-Ln bond and an unconventional +2.5 oxidation state of the lanthanides. In this Account, which brings together metallofullerenes, molecular magnets, and lanthanides in unconventional valence states, we review the progress in the studies of dimetallofullerenes with single-electron Ln-Ln bonds and highlight the consequences of the unpaired electron residing in the Ln-Ln bonding orbital for the magnetic interactions between Ln ions. Usually, Ln···Ln exchange coupling in polynuclear lanthanide compounds is weak because of the core nature of 4f electrons. However, when interactions between Ln centers are mediated by a radical bridge, stronger coupling may be achieved because of the diffuse nature of radical-based orbitals. Ultimately, when the role of a radical bridge is played by a single unpaired electron in the Ln-Ln bonding orbital, the strength of the exchange coupling is increased dramatically. Giant exchange coupling in endohedral Ln2 dimers is combined with a rather strong axial ligand field exerted on the lanthanide ions by the fullerene cage and the excess electron density localized between two Ln ions. As a result, Ln2@C79N and Ln2@C80(CH2Ph) compounds exhibit slow relaxation of magnetization and exceptionally high blocking temperatures for Ln = Dy and Tb. At low temperatures, the [Ln3+-e-Ln3+] fragment behaves as a single giant spin. Furthermore, the Ln-Ln bonding orbital in dimetallofullerenes is redox-active, which allows its population to be changed by electrochemical reactions, thus changing the magnetic properties because the change in the number of electrons residing in the Ln-Ln orbital affects the magnetic structure of the molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fupin Liu
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Lukas Spree
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Denis S. Krylov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Center for Quantum Nanoscience, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Georgios Velkos
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Stanislav M. Avdoshenko
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexey A. Popov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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49
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Stevenson S, Rothgeb AJ, Tepper KR, Duchamp J, Dorn HC, Powers XB, Roy M, Olmstead MM, Balch AL. Isolation and Crystallographic Characterization of Two, Nonisolated Pentagon Endohedral Fullerenes: Ho 3 N@C 2 (22010)-C 78 and Tb 3 N@C 2 (22010)-C 78. Chemistry 2019; 25:12545-12551. [PMID: 31268197 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201902559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Purified samples of Ho3 N@C2 (22010)-C78 and Tb3 N@C2 (22010)-C78 have been isolated by two distinct processes from the rich array of fullerenes and endohedral fullerenes present in carbon soot from graphite rods doped with Ho2 O3 or Tb4 O7 . Crystallographic analysis of the endohedral fullerenes as cocrystals with Ni(OEP) (in which OEP is the dianion of octaethylporphyrin) shows that both molecules contain the chiral C2 (22010)-C78 cage. This cage does not obey the isolated pentagon rule (IPR) but has two sites where two pentagons share a common C-C bond. These pentalene units bind two of the metal ions, whereas the third metal resides near a hexagon of the cage. Inside the cages, the Ho3 N or Tb3 N unit is planar. Ho3 N@C2 (22010)-C78 and Tb3 N@C2 (22010)-C78 use the same cage previously found for Gd3 N@C2 (22010)-C78 rather than the IPR-obeying cage found in Sc3 N@D3h -C78 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Stevenson
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University Fort Wayne, 2101 E. Coliseum Blvd, Fort Wayne, IN, 46805, USA
| | - Amanda J Rothgeb
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University Fort Wayne, 2101 E. Coliseum Blvd, Fort Wayne, IN, 46805, USA
| | - Katelyn R Tepper
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University Fort Wayne, 2101 E. Coliseum Blvd, Fort Wayne, IN, 46805, USA
| | - James Duchamp
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24061, USA
| | - Harry C Dorn
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24061, USA
| | - Xian B Powers
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Mrittika Roy
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Marilyn M Olmstead
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Alan L Balch
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
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50
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Gould CA, McClain KR, Yu JM, Groshens TJ, Furche F, Harvey BG, Long JR. Synthesis and Magnetism of Neutral, Linear Metallocene Complexes of Terbium(II) and Dysprosium(II). J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:12967-12973. [PMID: 31375028 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b05816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The divalent metallocene complexes Ln(CpiPr5)2 (Ln = Tb, Dy) were synthesized through the KC8 reduction of Ln(CpiPr5)2I intermediates and represent the first examples of neutral, linear metallocenes for these elements. X-ray diffraction analysis, density functional theory calculations, and magnetic susceptibility measurements indicate a 4fn5d1 electron configuration with strong s/d mixing that supports the linear coordination geometry. A comparison of the magnetic relaxation behavior of the two divalent metallocenes relative to salts of their trivalent counterparts, [Ln(CpiPr5)2][B(C6F5)4], reveals that lanthanide reduction has opposing effects for dysprosium and terbium, with magnetic relaxation times increasing from TbIII to TbII and decreasing from DyIII to DyII. The impact of this effect is most notably evident for Tb(CpiPr5)2, which displays an effective thermal barrier to magnetic relaxation of 1205 cm-1 and a 100-s blocking temperature of 52 K, the highest values yet observed for any nondysprosium single-molecule magnet.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - K Randall McClain
- U.S. Navy, Naval Air Warfare Center, Weapons Division, Research Department, Chemistry Division , China Lake , California 93555 , United States
| | - Jason M Yu
- Department of Chemistry , University of California, Irvine , 1102 Natural Sciences II , Irvine , California 92697-2025 , United States
| | - Thomas J Groshens
- U.S. Navy, Naval Air Warfare Center, Weapons Division, Research Department, Chemistry Division , China Lake , California 93555 , United States
| | - Filipp Furche
- Department of Chemistry , University of California, Irvine , 1102 Natural Sciences II , Irvine , California 92697-2025 , United States
| | - Benjamin G Harvey
- U.S. Navy, Naval Air Warfare Center, Weapons Division, Research Department, Chemistry Division , China Lake , California 93555 , United States
| | - Jeffrey R Long
- Materials Sciences Division , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
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