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Ren L, Han Y, Hou X, Ni Y, Wu J. [2,2]Paracyclophane Bridged, Thiophene Based Macrocycles: Synthesis and Electronic Properties in Different Redox States. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202304088. [PMID: 38213066 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202304088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
The study of through-space electronic coupling in π-conjugated systems remains an underexplored area. In this work, we present the facile synthesis of two isomeric macrocycles (1 and 2) bridged by [2,2]paracyclophane (pCp) and based on thiophene. The structures of these macrocycles have been confirmed through X-ray crystallographic analysis. Our investigation centers on their electronic properties across various redox states, with a specific focus on potential through-space electronic coupling and global aromaticity. Experimental measurements, including UV-vis-NIR electronic absorption, NMR, ESR spectra, and X-ray diffraction, combined with theoretical calculations, reveal that both the neutral compounds and their tetracations exhibit a closed-shell ground state. However, their dications manifest as diradical dications with a subtle magnetic exchange interaction. Consequently, the through-space electronic coupling facilitated by the pCp unit in their respective ground states appears to be weak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longbin Ren
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore
| | - Yi Han
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore
| | - Xudong Hou
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore
| | - Yong Ni
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore
| | - Jishan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore
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2
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Pan ML, Hsu CH, Lin YD, Chen WS, Chen BH, Lu CH, Yang SD, Cheng MJ, Chou PT, Wu YT. A New Series of Sandwich-Type 5,5'-Biterphenylenes: Synthetic Challenge, Structural Uniqueness and Photodynamics. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303523. [PMID: 37997021 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
A new series of biaryls, bi-linear-terphenylenes (BLTPs), were prepared using the tert-butyllithium-mediated cyclization as the key synthetic step. The three-dimensional structures of the studied compounds were verified using X-ray crystallography and DFT calculations. Tetraaryl(ethynyl)-substituted BLTPs are highly crowded molecules, and the internal rotation around the central C-C bond is restricted due to a high barrier (>50 kcal/mol). These structures contain several aryl/terphenylenyl/aryl sandwiches, where the through-space π-π (TSPP) interactions are strongly reflected in the shielding of 1 H NMR chemical shifts, reduction of oxidation potentials, increasing aromaticity of the central six-membered ring and decreasing antiaromaticity of the four-membered rings in a terphenylenyl moiety based on NICS(0) and iso-chemical shielding surfaces. Despite the restricted C-C bond associated intramolecular TSPP interactions for BLTPs in the ground state, to our surprise, the electronic coupling between two linear terphenylenes (LTPs) in BLTPs in the excited state is weak, so that the excited-state behavior is dominated by the corresponding monomeric LTPs. In other words, all BLTPs undergo ultrafast relaxation dynamics via strong exciton-vibration coupling, acting as a blue-light absorber with essentially no emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Lun Pan
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, 70101, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Hsien Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, 10617, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Ding Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, 10617, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Sen Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, 70101, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Han Chen
- Institute of Photonics Technologies, National Tsing Hua University, 30013, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsuan Lu
- Institute of Photonics Technologies, National Tsing Hua University, 30013, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Da Yang
- Institute of Photonics Technologies, National Tsing Hua University, 30013, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Mu-Jeng Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, 70101, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Pi-Tai Chou
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, 10617, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Ting Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, 70101, Tainan, Taiwan
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3
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Chen YY, Lai YY. Synthesis of 3,3'-(Ethane-1,2-diylidene)bis(indolin-2-one) Promoted by Thermally-activated Electron Transfer and Photoreduction of CO 2 to CH 4 and CO. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023; 16:e202300604. [PMID: 37219002 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202300604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A Sonogashira coupling reaction leads to the formation of a serendipitous product C with the 3,3'-(ethane-1,2-diylidene)bis(indolin-2-one) unit. To our knowledge, our study provides the first example demonstrating that electron transfer between isoindigo and triethylamine can be thermally activated and can be employed in synthesis. The physical properties of C suggest that it possesses decent photo-induced electron-transfer capabilities. Under the illumination of 136 mW cm-2 intensity, C yields ≈2.4 mmol gcat -1 (per gram of catalyst) of CH4 and ≈0.5 mmol gcat -1 of CO in 20 h in the absence of additional metal, co-catalyst, and amine sacrificial agent. The primary kinetic isotope effect suggests that the bond cleavage of water is a rate-determining step in the reduction. Moreover, the CH4 and CO production can be boosted as the illuminance increases. This study demonstrates that organic donor-acceptor conjugated molecules are potential photocatalysts for CO2 reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Yu Chen
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ying Lai
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
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4
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Chen J, Zhang W, Wang L, Yu G. Recent Research Progress of Organic Small-Molecule Semiconductors with High Electron Mobilities. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2210772. [PMID: 36519670 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202210772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Organic electronics has made great progress in the past decades, which is inseparable from the innovative development of organic electronic devices and the diversity of organic semiconductor materials. It is worth mentioning that both of these great advances are inextricably linked to the development of organic high-performance semiconductor materials, especially the representative n-type organic small-molecule semiconductor materials with high electron mobilities. The n-type organic small molecules have the advantages of simple synthesis process, strong intermolecular stacking, tunable molecular structure, and easy to functionalize structures. Furthermore, the n-type semiconductor is a remarkable and important component for constructing complementary logic circuits and p-n heterojunction structures. Therefore, n-type organic semiconductors play an extremely important role in the field of organic electronic materials and are the basis for the industrialization of organic electronic functional devices. This review focuses on the modification strategies of organic small molecules with high electron mobility at molecular level, and discusses in detail the applications of n-type small-molecule semiconductor materials with high mobility in organic field-effect transistors, organic light-emitting transistors, organic photodetectors, and gas sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiadi Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Weifeng Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Liping Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Gui Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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5
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Imide‐Functionalized Fluorenone and Its Cyanated Derivative Based n‐Type Polymers: Synthesis, Structure–Property Correlations, and Thin‐Film Transistor Performance. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202205315. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202205315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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6
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Chen Z, Li J, Wang J, Yang K, Zhang J, Wang Y, Feng K, Li B, Wei Z, Guo X. Imide‐Functionalized Fluorenone and Its Cyanated Derivative Based n‐Type Polymers: Synthesis, Structure‐Property Correlations, and Thin‐Film Transistor Performance. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202205315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhicai Chen
- Southern University of Science and Technology Materials science and thchnology CHINA
| | - Jianfeng Li
- Southern University of Science and Technology Materials science and thchnology CHINA
| | - Junwei Wang
- Southern University of Science and Technology Materials science and thchnology CHINA
| | - Kun Yang
- Southern University of Science and Technology Materials science and thchnology CHINA
| | - Jianqi Zhang
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology Cas Key Laborotary of Nanosystem and Hierarcheical Frabration CHINA
| | - Yimei Wang
- Southern University of Science and Technology Materials science and thchnology CHINA
| | - Kui Feng
- Southern University of Science and Technology Materials science and thchnology CHINA
| | - Bolin Li
- Southern University of Science and Technology Materials science and thchnology CHINA
| | - Zhixiang Wei
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology Cas Key Laborotary of Nanosystem and Hierarcheical Frabration CHINA
| | - Xugang Guo
- Southern University of Science and Technology Materials Science and Engineering No 1088, Xueyuan Rd. Xili, Nanshan 518055 Shenzhen CHINA
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7
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Duan Y, Zhang G, Liu X, Shi F, Wang T, Yan H, Xu H, Zhang L. Acene-Extended Triptycenes: Synthesis, Characterization, and Singlet Exciton Fission Properties. J Org Chem 2022; 87:8841-8848. [PMID: 35290059 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Three acene-extended triptycenes, TIPS-Antrip, TIPS-Tetrip, and TIPS-Pentrip, which contain TIPS-ethynyl functionalized anthracene, tetracene, and pentacene as subunits, respectively, are synthesized and characterized. It is found that the optoelectronic properties and crystal packing motifs could be modulated by changing the subunits. A preliminary exploration of the excited-state behavior of these molecules indicates that TIPS-Tetrip and TIPS-Pentrip exhibit intramolecular singlet fission (iSF).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiao Duan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Guowei Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Xinyue Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Fenghui Shi
- AVIC Manufacturing Technology Institute Composite Technology Center, Beijing 101300, P. R. China
| | - Tingting Wang
- AVIC Manufacturing Technology Institute Composite Technology Center, Beijing 101300, P. R. China
| | - Hongchen Yan
- AVIC Manufacturing Technology Institute Composite Technology Center, Beijing 101300, P. R. China
| | - Hu Xu
- AVIC Manufacturing Technology Institute Composite Technology Center, Beijing 101300, P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
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8
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Chen Z, Zhang Y, Wang P, Yang J, Yang K, Li J, Yang J, Li Y, Dong H, Guo X. A class of electron-deficient units: fluorenone imide and its electron-withdrawing group-functionalized derivatives. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:12467-12470. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cc04922h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Here, we report a class of new building blocks, namely, fluorenone imide (FOI) and its derivatives (FIEWGs), featuring excellent solubility, high planarity and low-lying LUMO energy levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicai Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Pu Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jiaxin Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Jianfeng Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Yongchun Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Huanli Dong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xugang Guo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
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9
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Han H, Zhang D, Zhu Z, Wei R, Xiao X, Wang X, Liu Y, Ma Y, Zhao D. Aromatic Stacking Mediated Spin-Spin Coupling in Cyclophane-Assembled Diradicals. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:17690-17700. [PMID: 34637282 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c08262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the capability of π-π stacking motifs to enable spin-spin coupling, we designed and synthesized three pairs of regio-isomers featuring two radical moieties joined by a [2.2]paracyclophane (CP) unit. By fusing indeno units to CP, two partially stacked fluorene radicals are covalently linked, exhibiting evident antiferromagnetic (AFM) coupling regardless of the orientation of two spins. Remarkably, while possessing high diradical indices of 0.8 and 0.9, the two molecules demonstrate good air stability by virtue of their singlet ground state. Single crystals help unravel the structural basis of their AFM coupling behaviors. When two radical centers are arranged at the pseudometa-positions around CP, the face-to-face stacked phenylene rings intrinsically confer orbital interactions that promote AFM coupling. On the other hand, if two radicals are directed in the pseudopara-orientation, significant orbital overlapping is observed between the radical centers (i.e., C9 of fluorene) and the aromatic carbons laid on the side, rendering AFM coupling between the two spins. In contrast, when two fluorene radicals are tethered to CP via C9 through a single C-C bond, ferromagnetic (FM) coupling is manifested by both diradical isomers featuring pseudometa- and pseudopara-connectivity. With minimal spin distributed on CP and thus limited contribution from π-π stacking, their spin-spin coupling properties are more similar to a pair of nitroxide diradical analogues, in which the two spins are dominantly coupled via through-space interactions. From these results, important conclusions are elucidated such as that although through-space interactions may confer FM coupling, with weakened strength shown by PAH radicals due to their lower polarity, face-to-face stacked π-frameworks tend to induce AFM coupling, because favorable orbital interactions are readily achieved by PAH systems hosting delocalized spins that are capable of adopting varied stacking motifs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Han
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Center for the Soft Matter Science and Engineering, the Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Center for the Soft Matter Science and Engineering, the Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ziqi Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Center for the Soft Matter Science and Engineering, the Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Rong Wei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Center for the Soft Matter Science and Engineering, the Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Center for the Soft Matter Science and Engineering, the Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiaoge Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Center for the Soft Matter Science and Engineering, the Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yiming Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Center for the Soft Matter Science and Engineering, the Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yuguo Ma
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Center for the Soft Matter Science and Engineering, the Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Dahui Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Center for the Soft Matter Science and Engineering, the Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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10
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Wang CS, Wei YC, Pan ML, Wu CH, Chou PT, Wu YT. New [2,2]Fluorenophanes Give Insights into Asymmetric Charge Transfer-Mediated Exciton Delocalization along the π-π Packing Direction. Chemistry 2021; 27:8678-8683. [PMID: 33860557 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A series of new [2,2]fluorenophanes has been synthesized and characterized; among them, molecules of crystallographically asymmetric anti-[2.2](1,4)(4,1)fluorenophane (K2C-2) aggregate to form one-dimensional supramolecular chain structures through effective intermolecular π-π overlapping. This, in combination with the synergistic intramolecular π-π interaction, leads to prominent dual emission mediated by charge transfer (CT) exciton delocalization. Support of this new insight is given by mapping the transition density along the π-π packing direction where the intramolecular excitation and intermolecular CT coexist in K2C-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Shin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, 70101, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen Wei
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, 10617, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Lun Pan
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, 70101, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Ham Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, 10617, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pi-Tai Chou
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, 10617, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Ting Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, 70101, Tainan, Taiwan
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11
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Zhang G, Xue N, Gu W, Yang X, Lv A, Zheng Y, Zhang L. Regiocontrolled dimerization of asymmetric diazaheptacene derivatives toward X-shaped porous semiconductors. Chem Sci 2020; 11:11235-11243. [PMID: 34094364 PMCID: PMC8162510 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc03744c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Conformationally rigid X-shaped PAHs are attracting interest due to their self-assembly into unique networks and as models to study through-space exciton and charge delocalization in one single molecule. We report here the synthesis of X-shaped PAHs by dimerization of diazaheptacene diimides. The diimide groups are employed to effectively direct the self-assembly into antiparallel dimer aggregates, which assist the compounds to undergo a regiocontrolled [4 + 4] dimerization, leading to an X-shaped conformation bearing electron-poor and -rich subunits. The resulting PAHs are found to pack in 2D layers with large open channels and infinite π⋯π arrays. Furthermore, these highly crystalline porous materials serve as electron-transporting materials in OFETs due to the long-range π-stacked arrays in the layers. This work presents a potentially generalizable strategy, which may provide a unique class of porous semiconductors for organic devices, taking advantage of their open channels. The synthesis of conformationally rigid X-shaped PAHs by regiocontrolled cyclodimerization of diazaheptacene diimides is presented. The resulting porous materials exhibit enhanced semiconducting behaviors with large open channels.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Guowei Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 P. R. China
| | - Ning Xue
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 P. R. China
| | - Wen Gu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science Shanghai 201620 P. R. China
| | - Xingzhou Yang
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC) Chengdu 610054 P. R. China
| | - Aifeng Lv
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science Shanghai 201620 P. R. China
| | - Yonghao Zheng
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC) Chengdu 610054 P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 P. R. China
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12
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Li G, Matsuno T, Han Y, Phan H, Wu S, Jiang Q, Zou Y, Isobe H, Wu J. Benzidine/Quinoidal‐Benzidine‐Linked, Superbenzene‐Based π‐Conjugated Chiral Macrocycles and Cyclophanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202002447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guangwu Li
- Department of ChemistryNational University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Taisuke Matsuno
- Department of ChemistryThe University of Tokyo Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Yi Han
- Department of ChemistryNational University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Hoa Phan
- Department of ChemistryNational University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Shaofei Wu
- Department of ChemistryNational University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Qing Jiang
- Department of ChemistryNational University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Ya Zou
- Department of ChemistryNational University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Hiroyuki Isobe
- Department of ChemistryThe University of Tokyo Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Jishan Wu
- Department of ChemistryNational University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
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13
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Li G, Matsuno T, Han Y, Phan H, Wu S, Jiang Q, Zou Y, Isobe H, Wu J. Benzidine/Quinoidal‐Benzidine‐Linked, Superbenzene‐Based π‐Conjugated Chiral Macrocycles and Cyclophanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:9727-9735. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202002447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guangwu Li
- Department of ChemistryNational University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Taisuke Matsuno
- Department of ChemistryThe University of Tokyo Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Yi Han
- Department of ChemistryNational University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Hoa Phan
- Department of ChemistryNational University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Shaofei Wu
- Department of ChemistryNational University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Qing Jiang
- Department of ChemistryNational University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Ya Zou
- Department of ChemistryNational University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Hiroyuki Isobe
- Department of ChemistryThe University of Tokyo Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Jishan Wu
- Department of ChemistryNational University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
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14
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Hassan Z, Spuling E, Knoll DM, Bräse S. Regioselective Functionalization of [2.2]Paracyclophanes: Recent Synthetic Progress and Perspectives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:2156-2170. [PMID: 31283092 PMCID: PMC7003812 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201904863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
[2.2]Paracyclophane (PCP) is a prevalent scaffold that is widely utilized in asymmetric synthesis, π-stacked polymers, energy materials, and functional parylene coatings that finds broad applications in bio- and materials science. In the last few years, [2.2]paracyclophane chemistry has progressed tremendously, enabling the fine-tuning of its structural and functional properties. This Minireview highlights the most important recent synthetic developments in the selective functionalization of PCP that govern distinct features of planar chirality as well as chiroptical and optoelectronic properties. Special focus is given to the function-inspired design of [2.2]paracyclophane-based π-stacked conjugated materials by transition-metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions. Current synthetic challenges, limitations, as well as future research directions and new avenues for advancing cyclophane chemistry are also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahid Hassan
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC)Fritz-Haber-Weg 676131KarlsruheGermany
- 3DMM2O—Cluster of ExcellenceInstitute of Organic Chemistry (IOC)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Germany
| | - Eduard Spuling
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC)Fritz-Haber-Weg 676131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Daniel M. Knoll
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC)Fritz-Haber-Weg 676131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Stefan Bräse
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC)Fritz-Haber-Weg 676131KarlsruheGermany
- 3DMM2O—Cluster of ExcellenceInstitute of Organic Chemistry (IOC)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Germany
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics (ITG)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 176344Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
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Hassan Z, Spuling E, Knoll DM, Bräse S. Regioselektive Funktionalisierung von [2.2]Paracyclophanen: aktuelle Synthesefortschritte und Perspektiven. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201904863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zahid Hassan
- Institut für Organische Chemie (IOC)Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT) Fritz-Haber-Weg 6 76131 Karlsruhe Deutschland
- 3DMM2O – ExzellenzclusterInstitut für Organische Chemie (IOC)Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT) Deutschland
| | - Eduard Spuling
- Institut für Organische Chemie (IOC)Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT) Fritz-Haber-Weg 6 76131 Karlsruhe Deutschland
| | - Daniel M. Knoll
- Institut für Organische Chemie (IOC)Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT) Fritz-Haber-Weg 6 76131 Karlsruhe Deutschland
| | - Stefan Bräse
- Institut für Organische Chemie (IOC)Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT) Fritz-Haber-Weg 6 76131 Karlsruhe Deutschland
- 3DMM2O – ExzellenzclusterInstitut für Organische Chemie (IOC)Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT) Deutschland
- Institut für Toxikologie und Genetik (ITG)Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Deutschland
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